Cyberbullying as an act of revenge?

Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 210-224

  König, Andreas ^a   Gollwitzer, Mario ^b   Steffgen, Georges ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LUXEMBOURG   (Luxembourg)

^b PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bullying; Cyberbullying; Empathy; Justice; Revenge

Indexed keywords

EID: 78651396471     PISSN: 10372911     EISSN: 18392520     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1375/ajgc.20.2.210     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Almeida, A., Marinho, S., Esteves, C., Gomes, S., & Correia, I. (2008). Virtual but not less real: A study of cyber bullying and its relations with moral disengagement and empathy. In Abstracts book 20th Biennial ISSBD Meeting. Würzburg, Germany.
2. Aquino, K., Tripp, T.M., & Bies, R.J. (2001). How employees respond to personal offense: The effects of blame attribution, victim status, and offender status on revenge and rec-onciliation in the workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 52-59.
3. Bies, R.J., & Tripp, T.M. (2005). The study of revenge in the workplace: Conceptual, ideo-logical, and empirical issues. In S. Fox & P.E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 65-81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Crick, N.R., & Dodge, K.A. (1996). Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67, 993-1002.
5. Knobloch, L.K., & Solomon, D.H. (1999). Measuring the sources and content of relational uncertainty. Communication Studies, 50, 261-278.
6. Dzuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2007). Aggression at School: Belief in a Personal Just World and Well-Being of Victims and Aggressors. Studia Psychologica, 49, 313-320.
7. Faccenda, L., Pantaléon, N., Bois, J.E., & Schmitt, M. (2008). Adaptation and validation of the German Justice Sensitivity Scales into French. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 141-149.
8. Fiske, S., & Morling, B. 1996. Stereotyping as a function of personal control motives and capacity constraints: The odd couple of power and anxiety. In R. Sorrentino & E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 322-346). New York: Guilford.
9. Goberecht, T. (2008). Onderzoek naar het verband tussen emotionele en gedragsproblemen en cyberpesten bij jongeren uit de eerste graad secundair onderwijs. Brussel: VUB.
10. Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., Pfeiffer, A., & Ensenbach, C. (2009). Why and when Justice Sensitivity leads to pro- and antisocial behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6),999-1005.
11. Gollwitzer, M., & Denzler, M. (2009). What makes revenge so sweet: Seeing the offender suffer or delivering a message? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 840-844.
12. Gollwitzer, M. (2009). Justice and revenge. In M.E. Oswald, S. Bieneck & J. Hupfeld- Heinemann (Eds.), Social psychology of punishment of crime (pp. 137-156). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
13. Gollwitzer, M., & Rothmund, T. (2009). When the need to trust results in unethical behav-ior: The Sensitivity to Mean Intentions (SeMI) model. In D. De Cremer (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on ethical behavior and decision making (pp. 135-152). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
14. Gollwitzer, M., Meder, M., & Schmitt, M. (in press). What gives victims satisfaction when they seek revenge? European Journal of Social Psychology.
15. Govier, T. (2002). Forgiveness and revenge. New York: Routledge.
16. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J.W. (2009). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
17. Ireland, J.E. (2002). Bullying in prisons. The Psychologist, 15(3), 130-133.
18. Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D.P. (2006): Examining the relationship between low empathy and bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 540-550.
19. Juvonen J., Graham S., & Schuster, M.A.(2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112, 1231-1237.
20. Kowalski, R., & Limber, S. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), 22-30.
21. Kingston, S. (2008). Bullying as a social process: Factors influencing bystander behaviour. Masters thesis, Brock University St. Catharines, Canada.
22. Lawler, E.J., & Bacharach, S.B. (1987). Comparison of dependence and punitive form of power. Social Forces, 66, 446-462.
23. McCullough, M.E., Rachal, K.C., Sandage, S.J., Worthington, E.L., Jr., Brown, S.W., & Hight, T.L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elabo- ration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 1586-1603.
24. McCullough, M.E. (2008). Beyond revenge: The evolution of the forgiveness instinct. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
25. Messini, E., & Nocentini, A. (2009). Cyberbullying definition and measurement: Some criti- cal considerations. Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 230-232.
26. Monks, C.P., & Smith, P.K. (2006). Definitions of 'bullying': Age differences in understand- ing of the term, and the role of experience. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24, 802-821.
27. Pellegrini, A.D., & Bartini, M. (2001.) Dominance in early adolescent boys: Affiliative and aggressive dimensions and possible functions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 47(1), 142-163.
28. Pornari, C., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 81-13.
29. Pronk, R.E., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J. (2009). It's 'Mean', but what does it mean to ado- lescents? Relational aggression described by victims, aggressors, and their peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25(2), 175-204.
30. Sanders, J. (2009, August). Cyberbullies: Their motives, characteristics, and types of bully- ing. Presentation at the XIV. European Conference of Developmental Psychology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
31. Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A., Kaistaniemi, L., & Lagerspetz, K. (1999). Self-evaluated self- esteem, peer-evaluated self-esteem, and defensive egotism as predictors of adolescents' participation in bullying situations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1268-1278.
32. Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., & Petermann, F. (2003). Bullying unter Schülern-Erscheinungsformen, Risikobedingungen und Interventionskonzepte. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
33. Schmitt, M., Baumert, A., Fetchenhauer, D., Gollwitzer, M., Rothmund, T., Schlösser, T. (2009). Sensibilität für Ungerechtigkeit. Psychologische Rundschau, 60 (1), 8-22.
34. Schmitt, M., Gollwitzer, M., Maes, J. & Arbach, D. (2005). Justice sensitivity: Assessment and location in the personality space. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(3),202-211.
35. Schmitt, M., Neumann, R., & Montada, L. (1995). Dispositional sensitivity to befallen injustice. Social Justice Research, 8, 385-407.
36. Schultze-Krumbholz, A., & Scheithauer, H. (2008). Der Berlin Cyberbullying -Cybervictimisation Questionnaire (BCyQ). Freie Universität Berlin: Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript.
37. Schultze-Krumbholz, A., & Scheithauer, H. (2009, August). Measuring Cyberbullying and Cybervictimisation by Using Behavioral Categories-The Berlin Cyberbullying Cybervictimisation Questionnaire (BCyQ). Poster presented at the Post Conference Workshop 'COST ACTION IS0801: Cyberbullying: Coping with negative and enhanc- ing positive uses of new technologies, in relationships in educational settings', Vilnius.
38. Slonje, R., & Smith, P.K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147-154.
39. Smith P.K., Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., & Tippett N. (2006). An investigation into cyberbul- lying, its forms, awareness and impact, and the relationship between age and gender in cyberbullying (Unit for school and family studies). London: Goldsmiths College, University of London.
40. Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
41. Steffgen, G., König, A., Pfetsch, J., & Melzer, A. (in press). The role of empathy for adoles- cents' cyberbullying behaviour. Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny.
42. Stuckless, N., & Goranson, R. (1992). The vengeance scale: Development of a measure of attitudes toward revenge. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 25-42.
43. Watzlawick, P., Beavin-Bavelas, J., & Jackson, D. (1967). Pragmatics of human communica-tion: A study of interactional patterns, pathologies and paradoxes. New York: W.W. Norton.
44. Welker, J., Werner, A., & Scholz, J. (2005). Online research [Markt und Sozialforschung mit dem Internet]. Heidelberg: dpunkt.verlag.
45. Werner, R., & Appel, C. (2004). Deutscher Vergebungsfragebogen nach McCullough et al. (1998). In A. Glöckner-Rist (Hrsg.), ZUMA-Informationssystem. Elektronisches Handbuch sozialwissenschaftlicher Erhebungsinstrumente. Version 12.00.
46. West, S.G., Finch, J.F., & Curran, P.J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R.H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modelling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 56-75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
47. Willard N. (2006), Cyberbullying and cyberthreads: responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress, Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use, Champaign, Illinois.
48. Ybarra, M.L., & Mitchell, K.J. (2004). Online aggressor/ targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-1316.