Speciation of Chromium in Occupational Exposure and Clinical Aspects

Handbook of Elemental Speciation II - Species in the Environment, Food, Medicine and Occupational Health

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 136-157

  Hoet, Perinne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Biological monitoring of chromium; Carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) compounds; Chromium contaminated soil; Essentiality and toxicity of chromium; Human carcinogen; Occupational exposures to chromium; Systemic toxicity in humans; Toxicokinetics; Toxicology of chromium

Indexed keywords

EID: 78651365170     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/0470856009.ch2f(ii)     Document Type: Chapter

References (150)

1. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), Toxicological Profile for Chromium, Update, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, 2000.
2. WHO (World Health Organization), Environmental Health Criteria 61: Chromium, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzerland, 1988.
3. Cross, J., Faux, S. P., Sadhra, S., Sorahan, T., Levy, L. S., Aw, T. C., Braithwaite, R., McRoy, C., Hamilton, L. and Calvert, I., Criteria Document for Hexavalent Chromium, Commissioned by International Chromium Development Association (ICDA), Paris, France, 1997.
4. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1998.
5. Browning, E., Toxicity of Industrial Metals, 2nd ed., Butterworths, London, 1969.
6. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), Chromium and chromium compounds, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and their Supplements, Vol. 49, Chromium, Nickel and Welding, IARC, Lyon, France, 1990, pp. 49-256.
7. ICDA, International Chromium Development Association, http://www.chromium-asoc.com/index.html, (2003).
8. Katz, S. A. and Salem, H., J. Appl. Toxicol., 13, 217 (1993).
9. Cunat, P. J., The Chromium File, Issue No. 9, April 2002.
10. Nygren, O., Nilsson, C. A. and Lindahl, R., Ann. Occup. Hyg., 36, 509 (1992).
11. ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), TLVs and BEIs for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents, Cincinnati, OH, 2003.
12. OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration) http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/pel/index.html, (2003).
13. NIOSH, Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002.
14. Aitio, A., Jarvisalo, J., Kiilunen, M., Kalliomaki, P. L. and Kalliomaki, K., Chromium, in Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals, Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity, Clarkson, Th. W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G. F. and Sager, P. R. (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1988.
15. Lauwerys, R. and Hoet, P. Industrial Chemical Exposure, Guidelines for Biological Monitoring, 3rd ed., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
16. Petersen, R., Thomsen, J. F., Jorgensen, N. K. and Mikkelsen, S., Occup. Environ. Med., 57, 140 (2000).
17. DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), List of MAK and BAT Values, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, Report No. 38, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.
18. Miksche, L. W. and Lewalter, J., Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 26, S94 (1997).
19. Finley, B. L., Scott, P. K., Norton, R. L., Gargas, M. L. and Paustenbach, D. J., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 48, 479 (1996).
20. Kerger, B. D., Finley, B. L., Corbett, G. E., Dodge, D. G. and Paustenbach, D. J., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 50, 67 (1997).
21. Kerger, B. D., Paustenbach, D. J., Corbett, G. E. and Finley, B. L., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 141, 145 (1996).
22. Kuykendall, J. R., Kerger, B. D., Jarvi, E. J., Corbett, G. E. and Paustenbach, D. J., Carcinogenesis, 17, 1971 (1996).
23. Febel, H., Szegedi, B. and Huszar, S., Acta Vet. Hung., 49, 203 (2001).
24. De Flora, S., Badolati, G. S., Serra, D., Picciotto, A., Magnolia, M. R. and Savarino, V., Mutat. Res., 192, 169 (1987).
25. De Flora, S., Camoirano, A., Bagnasco, M., Bennicelli, C., Corbett, G. E. and Kerger, B. D., Carcinogenesis, 18, 531 (1997).
26. Kerger, B. D., Richter, R. O., Chute, S. M., Dodge, D. G., Overman, S. K., Liang, J., Finley, B. L. and Paustenbach, D. J., J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 6, 163 (1996).
27. O'Flaherty, E. J., Kerger, B. D., Hays, S. M. and Paustenbach, D. J., Toxicol. Sci., 60, 196 (2001).
28. Kerger, B. D., Finley, B. L., Corbett, G. E., Dodge, D. G. and Paustenbach, D. J., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 50, 67 (1997).
29. Anderson, R. A., Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 26, S35 (1997).
30. Vincent, J. B., J. Nutr., 130, 715 (2000).
31. Aitio, A., The Chromium File, Issue No. 1, September 1996.
32. Witmer, C. M., Harris, R. and Shupack, S. I., Environ. Health Perspect., 92, 105 (1991).
33. Skowronski, G. A., Seide, M. and Abdel-Rahman, M. S., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 63, 351 (2001).
34. Wiegand, H. J., Ottenwalder, H. and Bolt, H. M., Toxicol. Lett., 22, 273 (1984).
35. De Flora, S., Carcinogenesis, 21, 533 (2000).
36. Balansky, R. M., D'Agostini, F., Izzotti, A. and De Flora, S., Carcinogenesis, 21, 1677 (2000).
37. Harry, P., Mauras, Y., Chennebault, J. M., Allain, P. and Alquier, P., Presse Med., 17(13), 2520 (1984).
38. Wang, X. W., Davies, J. W., Zapata Sirvent, R. L. and Robinson, W. A., Burns Incl. Therm. Inj., 11, 181 (1985).
39. Terrill, P. J. and Gowar, J. P., Br. J. Plast. Surg., 43, 699 (1990).
40. Matey, P., Allison, K. P., Sheehan, T. M. and Gowar, J. P., J. Burn Care Rehabil., 21, 241 (2000).
41. Laitung, J. K. and Earley, M., Burns Incl. Therm. Inj., 10, 378 (1984).
42. Corbett, G. E., Finley, B. L., Paustenbach, D. J. and Kerger, B. D., J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 7, 179 (1997).
43. Gammelgaard, B., Fullerton, A., Avnstorp, C. and Menne, T., Contact Dermatitis, 27, 302 (1992).
44. Fregert, S. and Rorsman, H., Acta Derm. Venereol., 46, 144 (1966).
45. Bagdon, R. E. and Hazen, R. E., Environ. Health Perspect., 92, 111 (1991).
46. Liu, K. J., Mader, K., Shi, X. and Swartz, H. M., Magn. Reson. Med., 38, 524 (1997).
47. Levis, A. G. and Majone, F., Br. J. Cancer, 44, 219 (1981).
48. Wise Sr, J. P., Stearns, D. M., Wetterhahn, K. E. and Patierno, S. R., Carcinogenesis, 15, 2249 (1994).
49. Petrilli, F. L. and De Flora, S., Sci. Total Environ., 71, 357 (1988).
50. Quievryn, G., Goulart, M., Messer, J. and Zhitkovich, A., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 222, 107 (2001).
51. Debetto, P. and Luciani, S., Sci. Total Environ., 71, 365 (1988).
52. Myers, C. R. and Myers, J. M., Carcinogenesis, 19, 1029 (1998).
53. Standeven, A. M. and Wetterhahn, K. E., Carcinogenesis, 13, 1319 (1992).
54. De Flora, S., Serra, D., Camoirano, A. and Zanacchi, P., Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 21, 179 (1989).
55. Corbett, G. E., Dodge, D. G., O'Flaherty, E., Liang, J., Throop, L., Finley, B. L. and Kerger, B. D., Environ. Res., 78, 7 (1998).
56. Richelmi, P. and Baldi, C., Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 17, 181 (1984).
57. Wiegand, H. J., Wiegand, H. J. and Bolt, H. M., Arch. Toxicol., 57, 31 (1985).
58. Kolacinski, Z., Kostrzewski, P., Kruszewska, S., Razniewska, G. and Mielczarska, J., J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 37, 785 (1993).
59. Paustenbach, D. J., Hays, S. M., Brien, B. A., Dodge, D. G. and Kerger, B. D., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 49, 453 (1996).
60. Lindberg, E. and Vesterberg, O., Am. J. Ind. Med., 16, 485 (1989).
61. N. W. Tietz, Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed., Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1995.
62. Herber, R. F., Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 72, 279 (1999).
63. Granadillo, V. A., Parra de Machado, L. and Romero, R. A., Anal. Chem., 66, 3624 (1994).
64. Bukowski, J. A., Goldstein, M. D. and Johnson, B. B., Arch. Environ. Health, 46, 230 (1991).
65. Anderson, R. A., Polansky, M. M., Bryden, N. A., Roginski, E. E., Patterson, K. Y. and Reamer, D. C., Diabetes, 3, 212 (1982).
66. Anderson, R. A., Diabetes Metab., 26, 22 (2000).
67. Wallach, S., J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 4, 107 (1985).
68. Mertz, W., J. Nutr., 123, 626 (1993).
69. Lamson, D. S. and Plaza, S. M., Altern. Med. Rev., 7, 218 (2002).
70. Althuis, M. D., Jordan, N. E., Ludington, E. A. and Wittes, J. T., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 148 (2002).
71. Cerulli, J., Grabe, D. W., Gauthier, I., Malone, M. and McGoldrick, M. D., Ann. Pharmacother., 32, 428 (1998).
72. Wasser, W. G., Feldman, N. S. and D'Agati, V. D., Ann. Intern. Med., 126, 410 (1997).
73. Martin, W. R. and Fuller, R. E., Pharmacotherapy, 18, 860 (1998).
74. Biedermann, K. A. and Landolph, J. R., Cancer Res., 50, 7835 (1990).
75. von Burg, R. and Liu, D., J. Appl. Toxicol., 13, 225 (1993).
76. Barceloux, D. G., J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 37, 173 (1999).
77. Bagchi, D., Stohs, S. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, M. and Preuss, H. G., Toxicology, 180, 5 (2002).
78. Stohs, S. J., Bagchi, D., Hassoun, E. A. and Bagchi, M., J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 20, 77 (2001).
79. Molyneux, M. J. and Davies, M. J., Carcinogenesis, 16, 875 (1995).
80. Ding, M. and Shi, X., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 235, 293 (2002).
81. Standeven, A. M. and Wetterhahn, K. E., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 616 (1991).
82. Liu, K. J. and Shi, X., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 222, 41 (2001).
83. Shi, X., Chiu, A., Chen, C. T., Halliwell, B., Castranova, V. and Vallyathan, V., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev., 2, 87 (1999).
84. Singh, J., Carlisle, D. L., Pritchard, D. E. and Patierno, S. R., Oncol. Rep., 5, 1307 (1998).
85. Sugden, K. D. and Stearns, D. M., J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 19, 215 (2000).
86. Pourahmad, J. and O'Brien, P. J., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 500, 203 (2001).
87. Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M. and Stohs, S. J., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 222, 149 (2001).
88. Stearns, D. M., Silveira, S. M., Wolf, K. K. and Luke, A. M., Mutat. Res., 513, 135 (2002).
89. Iserson, K. V., Banner, W., Froede, R. C. and Derrick, M. R., J. Emerg. Med., 1, 143 (1983).
90. Schiffl, H., Weidmann, P., Weiss, M. and Massry, S. G., Miner. Electrolyte Metab., 7, 28 (1982).
91. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html, (2003).
92. ILO, Chromium, alloys, compounds. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2nd ed., International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991, pp. 295-297.
93. Cohen, S. R., Davis, D. M. and Kramkowski, R. S., Cutis, 13, 558 (1974).
94. Lindberg, E. and Hedenstierna, G., Arch. Environ. Health, 38, 367 (1983).
95. Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F. and Rooney, B. C., Am. J. Ind. Med., 38, 127 (2000).
96. Machle, W. and Gregorius, F., Public Health Rep., 63, 1114 (1948).
97. Lee, C. R., Yoo, C. I., Lee, J. and Kang, S. K., Ind. Health, 40, 286 (2002).
98. Bovet, P., Lob, M. and Grandjean, M., Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 40, 25 (1977).
99. Kuo, H. W., Lai, J. S. and Lin, T. I., Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 70, 272 (1997).
100. Huvinen, M., Uitti, J., Zitting, A., Roto, P., Virkola, K., Kuikka, P., Laippala, P. and Aitio, A., Occup. Environ. Med., 53, 741 (1996).
101. De Raeve, H., Vandecasteele, C., Demedts, M. and Nemery, B., Am. J. Ind. Med., 34, 169 (1998).
102. Leroyer, C., Dewitte, J. D., Bassanets, A., Boutoux, M., Daniel, C. and Clavier, J., Respiration, 65, 403 (1998).
103. Park, H. S., Yu, H. J. and Jung, K. S., Clin. Exp. Allergy, 24, 676 (1994).
104. Olaguibel, J. M. and Basomba, A., Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr.), 17, 133 (1989).
105. Bright, P., Burge, P. S., O'Hickey, S. P., Gannon, P. F., Robertson, A. S. and Boran, A., Thorax, 52, 28 (1997).
106. Novey, H. S., Habib, M. and Wells, I. D., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 72, 407 (1983).
107. Shirakawa, T. and Morimoto, K., Arch. Environ. Health, 51, 221 (1996).
108. Dahl, R. and Mikkelsen, H. B., Ugeskr. Laeger, 144, 801 (1982).
109. Keskinen, H., Kalliomaki, P. L. and Alanko, K., Clin. Allergy, 10, 151 (1980).
110. Moller, D. R., Brooks, S. M., Berstein, D. I., Cassedy, K., Enrione, M. and Berstein, L., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 7, 451 (1986).
111. Lockman, L. E., Can. Fam. Physician, 48, 1907 (2002).
112. Sastre, J., Fernandez-Nieto, M., Maranon, F., Fernandez-Caldas, E., Pelta, R. and Quirce, S. J., Allergy Clin. Immunol., 108, 650 (2002).
113. Fregert, S., Br. J. Dermatol., 105(Suppl. 21), 7 (1981).
114. Polak, L., Immunology of chromium, in Chromium:Metabolism and Toxicity, Burrows, D. (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1983, pp. 51-136.
115. Samsoen, M., Stampf, J. L., Leliévre, G. and Foussereau, J., Derm. Beruf. Umwelt., 30, 181 (1982).
116. Mali, J. W. H., van Knoten, W. J., Van Neer, F. C. J. and Spruit, D., Acta Derm. Venereol., 44, 44 (1966).
117. Fregert, S. and Rorsman, H., Arch. Dermatol., 93, 711 (1966).
118. Iyer, V. J., Banerjee, G., Govindram, C. B., Kamath, V., Shinde, S., Gaikwad, A., Jerajani, H. R., Raman, G. and Cherian, K. M., Contact Dermatitis, 47, 357 (2002).
119. Nethercott, J., Paustenbach, D., Adams, R., Fowler, J., Marks, J., Morton, C., Taylor, J., Horowitz, S. and Finley, B., Occup. Environ. Med., 51, 371 (1994).
120. Peltonen, L. and Fraki, J., Contact Dermatitis, 9, 190 (1983).
121. Kanerva, L., Jolanki, R., Estlander, T., Alanko, K. and Savela, A., Am. J. Contact Dermatitis, 11, 155 (2000).
122. Halbert, A. R., Gebauer, K. A. and Wall, L. M., Contact Dermatitis, 27, 214 (1992).
123. Guo, Y. L., Wang, B. J., Yeh, K. C., Wang, J. C., Kao, H. H., Wang, M. T., Shih, H. C. and Chen, C. J., Contact Dermatitis, 40, 1 (1999).
124. Irvine, C., Pugh, C. E., Hansen, E. J. and Rycroft, R. J. G., Occup. Med., 44, 17 (1994).
125. Kaufman, J. D., Cohen, M. A., Sama, S. R., Shields, J. W. and Kalat, J., Am. J. Public Health, 88, 1047 (1998).
126. Diepgen, T. L. and Coenraads, P. J., Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 72, 496 (1999).
127. Andersen, K. E., Burrows, D. and White, I. R., Allergens from the Standard Series. Chromium, Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd ed., Rycroft, R. J. G., Menné, T., Frosch, P. J. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1995, pp. 421-424.
128. Avnstorp, C., Acta Derm. Venereol, 179(Suppl.), 1 (1992).
129. Zachariae, C. O., Agner, T. and Menne, T., Contact Dermatitis, 35, 83 (1996).
130. Goh, C. L. and Gan, S. L., Contact Dermatitis, 34, 51 (1996).
131. Johansen, J. D., Menne, T., Christophersen, J., Kaaber, K. and Veien, N., Br. J. Dermatol., 142, 490 (2000).
132. Nygren, O. and Wahlberg, J. E., The Analyst, 123, 935 (1998).
133. Hansen, M. B., Rydin, S., Menne, T. and Duus, J., Contact Dermatitis, 47, 127 (2002).
134. Estlander, T., Jolanki, R. and Kanerva, L., Contact Dermatitis, 43, 114 (2000).
135. Kvitko, E., Contact Dermatitis, 45, 256 (2001).
136. Fowler, J. F., Jr Cutis, 65, 116 (2000).
137. Merritt, K. and Brown, S. A., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, 627 (1995).
138. Hubler, W. R. Jr. and Hubler W. R. Sr., Contact Dermatitis, 9, 377 (1983).
139. L. Kanerva, TheChromium File, InternationalChromium Development Association, Vol. 2, 1996.
140. Wedeen, R. P. and Qian, L. F., Environ. Health Perspect., 92, 71 (1991).
141. Foa, V., Riboldi, L., Patroni, M., Zocchetti, C., Sbrana, C. and Mutti, A., Sci. Total. Environ., 71, 389 (1988).
142. Saner, G., Yuzbasiyan, V. and Cigdem, S., Br. J. Ind. Med., 41, 263 (1984).
143. Triebig, G., Zschiesche, W. and Schaller, K. H., J. Biochem. Toxicol., 1, 29 (1987).
144. Verschoor, M. A., Bragt, P. C., Herber, R. F., Zielhuis, R. L. and Zwennis, C. M., Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 60, 67 (1988).
145. USEPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, June 1992, Cincinnati, OH, 1992.
146. Moulin, J. J., Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 23, 104 (1997).
147. Hansen, K. S., Lauritsen, J. M. and Skytthe, A., Am. J. Ind. Med., 30, 373 (1996).
148. Steenland, K., Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 28, 163 (2002).
149. Danielsen, T. E., Langard, S. and Andersen, A., J. Occup. Environ. Med., 42, 101 (2000).
150. Health Council of the Netherlands, Chromium VI and its Compounds, Evaluation of the Effects on Reproduction, Recommendation for Classification, Committee for Compounds Toxic to Reproduction. A Committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands to the Minister and State Secretary of Social Affairs and Employment, No. 2001/01OSH, The Hague, 25 January, 2001.