Glial cell lines: An overview

Neurochemical Research

Volumn 35, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 1978-2000

  De Vries, George H ^b   Boullerne, Anne I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Cell culture; Glial cell markers; Glioblastoma cell lines; Glioma cell lines; Microglia; Oligodendrocytes; Oligodendroglioma cell line; Schwann cells; Spontaneous immortalization; SV 40 antigen

Indexed keywords

MOLECULAR MARKER;

33B CELL; A172 CELL; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BV-2 CELL; CELL CULTURE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINE; CELL STRAIN C6; CELL STRAIN GOTO; CG4 CELL; G26-20 CELL; GLIA CELL; GLIA CELL LINE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMS32 CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MACROGLIA; MICROGLIA; MO3.13 CELL; N19 CELL; N20.1 CELL; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; OLI-NEU CELL; OLIGODENDROGLIA; OLN 93 CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RT4-D6P2T CELL; SCHWANN CELL; ST88-14 CELL; STS-26T CELL; T265 CELL; TSC CELL;

CELL LINE; HUMANS; NEUROGLIA;

EID: 78651279257     PISSN: 03643190     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0318-9     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Fields RD (2009) In: Fields RD (ed) The other brain: from dementia to schizophrenia. How new discoveries about the brain are revolutionizing medicine and science. Simon & Schuster, Inc, New York
2. JE Bottenstein GH Sato 1979 Growth of a rat neuroblastoma cell line in serum-free supplemented medium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 514 517 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXhtVWhtrk%3D 284369
3. WD Linscott RP Triglia 1981 The bovine complement system Adv Exp Med Biol 137 413 430 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXltlSksr4%3D 7331946
4. JC Louis E Magal D Muir, et al. 1992 CG-4, a new bipotential glial cell line from rat brain, is capable of differentiating in vitro into either mature oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes J Neurosci Res 31 193 204 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xhs12ms70%3D 1613821
5. K Luyt A Varadi CF Durant, et al. 2006 Oligodendroglial metabotropic glutamate receptors are developmentally regulated and involved in the prevention of apoptosis J Neurochem 99 641 656 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtF2rsLnJ 16836654
6. SK Solly JL Thomas M Monge, et al. 1996 Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) expression is associated with myelin deposition Glia 18 39 48 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fks1Oluw%3D%3D 8891690
7. N Merabova D Kaniowska R Kaminski, et al. 2008 JC virus agnoprotein inhibits in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocytes and promotes apoptosis J Virol 82 1558 1569 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOku70%3D 17989177
8. U Tontsch DR Archer M Dubois-Dalcq, et al. 1994 Transplantation of an oligodendrocyte cell line leading to extensive myelination Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 11616 11620 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitlyrt7g%3D 7972113
9. C Richter-Landsberg M Heinrich 1996 OLN-93: a new permanent oligodendroglia cell line derived from primary rat brain glial cultures J Neurosci Res 45 161 173 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XkvFWjsbs%3D 8843033
10. B Gerstner C Buhrer C Rheinlander, et al. 2006 Maturation-dependent oligodendrocyte apoptosis caused by hyperoxia J Neurosci Res 84 306 315 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnvFaiurY%3D 16673399
11. R Buckinx I Smolders S Sahebali, et al. 2009 Morphological changes do not reflect biochemical and functional differentiation in OLN-93 oligodendroglial cells J Neurosci Methods 184 1 9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFyhurvI 19595704
12. C Holzknecht C Röhl 2010 Effects of methylprednisolone and glatiramer acetate on nitric oxide formation of cytokine-stimulated cells from the rat oligodendroglial cell line OLN-93 Neuroimmunomodulation 17 23 30 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtleiurzF 19816054
13. AI Boullerne JA Benjamins 2006 Nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide toxicity in oligodendrocytes Antioxid Redox Signal 8 967 980 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlsFOnu7Y%3D 16771686
14. M Jung E Kramer M Grzenkowski, et al. 1995 Lines of murine oligodendroglial precursor cells immortalized by an activated neu tyrosine kinase show distinct degrees of interaction with axons in vitro and in vivo Eur J Neurosci 7 1245 1265 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FntlagsQ%3D%3D 7582098
15. M Erb AJ Steck KA Nave, et al. 2003 Differential expression of L- and S-MAG upon cAMP stimulated differentiation in oligodendroglial cells J Neurosci Res 71 326 337 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtV2itb4%3D 12526022
16. R Bello-Morales MC de Marco JF Aranda, et al. 2009 Characterization of the MAL2-positive compartment in oligodendrocytes Exp Cell Res 315 3453 3465 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlGis7%2FM 19683524
17. L Joubert I Foucault Y Sagot, et al. 2010 Chemical inducers and transcriptional markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation J Neurosci Res 88 2546 2557 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptVanu74%3D 20544820
18. A Kippert K Trajkovic D Fitzner, et al. 2008 Identification of Tmem10/Opalin as a novel marker for oligodendrocytes using gene expression profiling BMC Neurosci 9 40 52 18439243
19. S Siddiqui A Horvat-Broecker A Faissner 2009 Comparative screening of glial cell types reveals extracellular matrix that inhibits retinal axon growth in a chondroitinase ABC-resistant fashion Glia 57 1420 1438 19243018
20. LM Foster T Phan AN Verity, et al. 1993 Generation and analysis of normal and shiverer temperature-sensitive immortalized cell lines exhibiting phenotypic characteristics of oligodendrocytes at several stages of differentiation Dev Neurosci 15 100 109 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3itF2ktQ%3D%3D 8168435
21. AN Verity D Bredesen C Vonderscher, et al. 1993 Expression of myelin protein genes and other myelin components in an oligodendrocytic cell line conditionally immortalized with a temperature-sensitive retrovirus J Neurochem 60 577 587 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXpvV2ktg%3D%3D 7678286
22. SL Newman AA Weikle TJ Neuberger, et al. 1995 Myelinogenic potential of an immortalized oligodendrocyte cell line J Neurosci Res 40 680 693 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkvFWhtr0%3D 7541477
23. PM Paez CI Garcia AT Campagnoni, et al. 2005 Overexpression of human transferrin in two oligodendroglial cell lines enhances their differentiation Glia 52 1 15 15892129
24. DM Studzinski JA Benjamins 2005 Expression of P0 glycoprotein in CNS glia: effects of overexpression in N20.1 cells Glia 52 234 244 15968635
25. DM Studzinski JA Benjamins 2003 Regulation of CNS glial phenotypes in N20.1 cells J Neurosci Res 73 31 41 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltlSqt78%3D 12815706
26. AI Boullerne L Nedelkoska JA Benjamins 1999 Synergism of nitric oxide and iron in killing the transformed murine oligodendrocyte cell line N20.1 J Neurochem 72 1050 1060 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFWgs7o%3D 10037476
27. AI Boullerne L Nedelkoska JA Benjamins 2001 Role of calcium in nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity: EGTA protects mouse oligodendrocytes J Neurosci Res 63 124 135 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjslKltg%3D%3D 11169622
28. LM Foster C Landry T Phan, et al. 1995 Conditionally immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines migrate to different brain regions and elaborate 'myelin-like' membranes after transplantation into neonatal shiverer mouse brains Dev Neurosci 17 160 170 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXptFWqtr0%3D 8549427
29. N Sundarraj M Schachner SE Pfeiffer 1975 Biochemically differentiated mouse glial lines carrying a nervous system specific cell surface antigen (NS-1) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 1927 1931 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXksFKls7c%3D 168583
30. G Dawson N Sundarraj SE Pfeiffer 1977 Synthesis of myelin glycosphingolipids (galactosylceramide and galactosyl(3-O-sulfate)ceramide (sulfatide)) by cloned cell lines derived from mouse neurotumors J Biol Chem 252 2777 2779 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXhvVOgt7g%3D 558188
31. J Nakao M Yamada T Kagawa, et al. 1995 Expression of proteolipid protein gene is directly associated with secretion of a factor influencing oligodendrocyte development J Neurochem 64 2396 2403 1:CAS:528: DyaK2MXlsl2ls74%3D 7539050
32. S D'Agostino M Salamone I Di Liegro, et al. 2006 Membrane vesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells induce neuronal apoptosis Int J Oncol 29 1075 1085 17016637
33. K Hatta TS Okada M Takeichi 1985 A monoclonal antibody disrupting calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion of brain tissues: possible role of its target antigen in animal pattern formation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 2789 2793 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7ptVGrsA%3D%3D 3857614
34. LH Philipson NB Schwartz 1984 Subcellular localization of hyaluronate synthetase in oligodendroglioma cells J Biol Chem 259 5017 5023 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhvV2gsbY%3D 6425282
35. GR Post G Dawson 1992 Characterization of a cell line derived from a human oligodendroglioma Mol Chem Neuropathol 16 303 317 1:CAS:528: DyaK3sXht1Sgs7o%3D 1329795
36. M Buntinx J Vanderlocht N Hellings, et al. 2003 Characterization of three human oligodendroglial cell lines as a model to study oligodendrocyte injury: morphology and oligodendrocyte-specific gene expression J Neurocytol 32 25 38 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosFOktbY%3D 14618099
37. J Qin R Goswami S Dawson, et al. 2008 Expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in oligodendrocytes in response to oxidative stress J Neurosci Res 86 2414 2422 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpvFKqtbY%3D 18438937
38. J McLaurin GC Trudel IT Shaw, et al. 1995 A human glial hybrid cell line differentially expressing genes subserving oligodendrocyte and astrocyte phenotype J Neurobiol 26 283 293 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3it1antw%3D%3D 7707048
39. N Arbour S Ekande G Cote, et al. 1999 Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E J Virol 73 3326 3337 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFynur0%3D 10074187
40. Bourikas D, Mir A, Walmsley AR (2010) LINGO-1-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation does not require the leucine-rich repeats and is reversed by p75(NTR) antagonists. Mol Cell Neurosci. Jul 24 [Epub ahead of print]
41. S Giri M Khan N Nath, et al. 2008 The role of AMPK in psychosine mediated effects on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: implication for Krabbe disease J Neurochem 105 1820 1833 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntVCkt7Y%3D 18248608
42. GT Casella RP Bunge PM Wood 1996 Improved method for harvesting human Schwann cells from mature peripheral nerve and expansion in vitro Glia 17 327 338 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FgvFahtg%3D%3D 8856329
43. Thomas SL, DeVries GH (2009) Neurofibromatosis Type I. In: Lajtha A (ed) Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology 3rd edition. Brain and spinal cord trauma. New York, Springer, pp 107-130
44. FC Yang DA Ingram S Chen, et al. 2003 Neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells secrete a potent migratory stimulus for Nf1 ± mast cells J Clin Invest 112 1851 1861 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSmtLvL 14679180
45. N Ratner JP Williams JJ Kordich, et al. 2005 Schwann cell preparation from single mouse embryos: analyses of neurofibromin function in Schwann cells Methods Enzymol 407 22 33
46. SL Thomas GH DeVries 2007 Angiogenic expression profile of normal and neurofibromin-deficient human Schwann cells Neurochem Res 32 1129 1141 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlslCmu7Y%3D 17404841
47. K Tsunamoto S Todo S Imashuku, et al. 1988 Induction of S 100 protein by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in human neuroblastoma cell lines Cancer Res 48 170 174 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXpt1CjtQ%3D%3D 3334991
48. M Tsokos S Scarpa RA Ross, et al. 1987 Differentiation of human neuroblastoma recapitulates neural crest development. Study of morphology, neurotransmitter enzymes, and extracellular matrix proteins Am J Pathol 128 484 496 1:STN:280:DyaL2szitlCrsA%3D%3D 2888312
49. PR Lee JE Cohen EA Tendi, et al. 2004 Transcriptional profiling in an MPNST-derived cell line and normal human Schwann cells Neuron Glia Biol 1 135 147 16429615
50. SJ Miller F Rangwala J Williams, et al. 2006 Large-scale molecular comparison of human Schwann cells to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines and tissues Cancer Res 66 2584 2591 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvV2hur4%3D 16510576
51. CO Hanemann B Bartelt-Kirbach R Diebold, et al. 2006 Differential gene expression between human schwannoma and control Schwann cells Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 32 605 614 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlClsL%2FE 17083475
52. JS Im N Tapinos GT Chae, et al. 2006 Expression of CD1d molecules by human schwann cells and potential interactions with immunoregulatory invariant NK T cells J Immunol 177 5226 5235 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVansrjK 17015708
53. RP Bunge MB Bunge M Bates 1989 Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate progression of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during myelination J Cell Biol 109 273 284 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzgvVyltQ%3D%3D 2745552
54. GI Tennekoon J Yoshino KW Peden, et al. 1987 Transfection of neonatal rat Schwann cells with SV-40 large T antigen gene under control of the metallothionein promoter J Cell Biol 105 2315 2325 1:CAS:528: DyaL1cXjtlSnsw%3D%3D 2824529
55. KW Peden JL Rutkowski M Gilbert, et al. 1990 Production of Schwann cell lines using a regulated oncogene Ann N Y Acad Sci 605 286 293 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkvVKntL4%3D 2176444
56. M Hai N Muja GH DeVries, et al. 2002 Comparative analysis of Schwann cell lines as model systems for myelin gene transcription studies J Neurosci Res 69 497 508 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtVOgsr8%3D 12210843
57. JA Fletcher HP Kozakewich FA Hoffer, et al. 1991 Diagnostic relevance of clonal cytogenetic aberrations in malignant soft-tissue tumors N Engl J Med 324 436 442 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7gvFyisw%3D%3D 1988828
58. JE De Clue AG Papageorge JA Fletcher, et al. 1992 Abnormal regulation of mammalian p21ras contributes to malignant tumor growth in von Recklinghausen (type 1) neurofibromatosis Cell 69 265 273
59. JE Reynolds JA Fletcher CH Lytle, et al. 1992 Molecular characterization of a 17q11.2 translocation in a malignant schwannoma cell line Hum Genet 90 450 456 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXksVKntb8%3D 1483704
60. WK Dahlberg JB Little JA Fletcher, et al. 1993 Radiosensitivity in vitro of human soft tissue sarcoma cell lines and skin fibroblasts derived from the same patients Int J Radiat Biol 63 191 198 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7mtlKrsw%3D%3D 8094415
61. A Badache N Muja GH DeVries 1998 Expression of Kit in neurofibromin-deficient human Schwann cells: role in Schwann cell hyperplasia associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis Oncogene 17 795 800 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXls1SmsbY%3D 9715282
62. RR Weichselbaum JB Little K Tomkinson, et al. 1984 Repair of fractionated radiation in plateau phase cultures of human tumor cells and human multicellular tumor spheroids Radiother Oncol 2 41 47 1:STN:280: DyaL2M%2FmsVOmtg%3D%3D 6505275
63. Reynolds CP, Maples J (1985) Modulation of cell surface antigens accompanies morphological differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell lines. In: Evans AE, D'Angio CD, Seeger RC (eds) Advances in neuroblastoma research. Alan R Liss, Inc., New York, pp 13-37
64. M Sekiguchi T Oota K Sakakibara, et al. 1979 Establishment and characterization of a human neuroblastoma cell line in tissue culture Jpn J Exp Med 49 67 83 1:STN:280:DyaE1M3kt1emtw%3D%3D 470188
65. G Hasegawa N Miniami A Kushida, et al. 2005 Human neuroblastoma GOTO express CD44 and localize into lipid rafts upon differentiation into Schwannian cells Cell Biol Int 29 193 202 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1akur4%3D 15878294
66. KL Fields C Gosling M Megson, et al. 1975 New cell surface antigens in rat defined by tumors of the nervous system Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 1296 1300 1:STN:280:DyaE2M7lvVakug%3D%3D 1093176
67. KL Fields M Dammerman 1985 A monoclonal antibody equivalent to anti-rat neural antigen-1 as a marker for Schwann cells Neuroscience 15 877 885 1:STN:280:DyaL28%2FmsFyjtw%3D%3D 4069357
68. KR Jessen L Morgan HJ Stewart, et al. 1990 Three markers of adult non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, 217c(Ran-1), A5E3 and GFAP: development and regulation by neuron-Schwann cell interactions Development 109 91 103 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkslGnur8%3D 2209471
69. M Imada N Sueoka 1978 Clonal sublines of rat neurotumor RT4 and cell differentiation. I. Isolation and characterization of cell lines and cell type conversion Dev Biol 66 97 108 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7pt1ahtQ%3D%3D 751847
70. R Bansal SE Pfeiffer 1987 Regulated galactolipid synthesis and cell surface expression in Schwann cell line D6P2T J Neurochem 49 1902 1911 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktVWq 2824698
71. LM Bolin TP Iismaa EM Shooter 1992 Isolation of activated adult Schwann cells and a spontaneously immortal Schwann cell clone J Neurosci Res 33 231 238 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FosFOktQ%3D%3D 1280693
72. K Watabe T Fukuda J Tanaka, et al. 1995 Spontaneously immortalized adult mouse Schwann cells secrete autocrine and paracrine growth-promoting activities J Neurosci Res 41 279 290 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtVClurw%3D 7650763
73. K Watabe H Ida K Uehara, et al. 2001 Establishment and characterization of immortalized Schwann cells from murine model of Niemann-Pick disease type C (spm/spm) J Peripher Nerv Syst 6 85 94 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FhvVSnsQ%3D%3D 11446388
74. JS Shen K Watabe XL Meng, et al. 2002 Establishment and characterization of spontaneously immortalized Schwann cells from murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (twitcher) J Neurosci Res 68 588 594 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38Xks1Kqu7w%3D 12111848
75. M Ohsawa M Kotani Y Tajima, et al. 2005 Establishment of immortalized Schwann cells from Sandhoff mice and corrective effect of recombinant human beta-hexosaminidase A on the accumulated GM2 ganglioside J Hum Genet 50 460 467 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFaht77O 16180049
76. K Saravanan H Büssow N Weiler, et al. 2007 A spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell line to study the molecular aspects of metachromatic leukodystrophy J Neurosci Methods 161 223 233 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjs1KqtrY%3D 17204333
77. K Watabe T Sakamoto Y Kawazoe, et al. 2003 Tissue culture methods to study neurological disorders: establishment of immortalized Schwann cells from murine disease models Neuropathology 23 68 78 12722929
78. K Toda JA Small S Goda, et al. 1994 Biochemical and cellular properties of three immortalized Schwann cell lines expressing different levels of the myelin-associated glycoprotein J Neurochem 63 1646 1657 1:CAS:528: DyaK2cXmsFantrk%3D 7523597
79. K Abe K Namikawa M Honma, et al. 2001 Inhibition of Ras extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediated signaling promotes ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression in Schwann cells J Neurochem 77 700 703 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVOks7s%3D 11299332
80. RF Barth B Kaur 2009 Rat brain tumor models in experimental neuro-oncology: the C6, 9L, T9, RG2, F98, BT4C, RT-2 and CNS-1 gliomas J Neurooncol 94 299 312 19381449
81. P Benda J Lightbody G Sato, et al. 1968 Differentiated rat glial cell strain in tissue culture Science 161 370 371 1:STN:280:DyaF1czit1GqtQ%3D%3D 4873531
82. ZA Sibenaller AB Etame MM Ali, et al. 2005 Genetic characterization of commonly used glioma cell lines in the rat animal model system Neurosurg Focus 19 E1 16241103
83. T Zander JA Kraus C Grommes, et al. 2002 Induction of apoptosis in human and rat gliomas by agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma J Neurochem 81 1052 1060 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksV2hs7o%3D 12065618
84. EH Radany M Brenner F Besnard, et al. 1992 Directed establishment of rat brain cell lines with the phenotypic characteristics of type 1 astrocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 6467 6471 1:STN:280:DyaK38zjsFeiuw%3D%3D 1378628
85. DT Loo JI Fuquay CL Rawson, et al. 1987 Extended culture of mouse embryo cells without senescence: inhibition by serum Science 236 200 202 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhvV2rtrw%3D 3494308
86. DJ Giard SA Aaronson GJ Todaro, et al. 1973 In vitro cultivation of human tumors: establishment of cell lines derived from a series of solid tumors J Natl Cancer Inst 51 1417 1423 1:STN:280:DyaE2c%2FlsVansg%3D%3D 4357758
87. RL Davis J Dertien PJ Syapin 2002 Ethanol-induced modulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity in human A172 astrocytoma cells Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26 1404 1411 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVWmu74%3D 12351936
88. J Ponten EH Macintyre 1968 Long term culture of normal and neoplastic human glia Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 74 465 486 1:STN:280:DyaE3c7is1ektg%3D%3D 4313504
89. XX Tian PY Lam J Chen, et al. 1998 Antisense epidermal growth factor receptor RNA transfection in human malignant glioma cells leads to inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 24 389 396 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFSgt78%3D 9821170
90. R Morosetti T Servidei M Mirabella, et al. 2004 The PPARgamma ligands PGJ2 and rosiglitazone show a differential ability to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis and differentiation of human glioblastoma cell lines Int J Oncol 25 493 502 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvF2qsr8%3D 15254749
91. DL Feinstein A Spagnolo C Akar, et al. 2007 Receptor-independent actions of PPAR thiazolidinedione agonists: is mitochondrial function the key? Biochem Pharmacol 70 177 188
92. P Cheepsunthorn L Radov S Menzies, et al. 2001 Characterization of a novel brain-derived microglial cell line isolated from neonatal rat brain Glia 35 53 62 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mzmt1altQ%3D%3D 11424192
93. RJ Horvath N Nutile-McMenemy MS Alkaitis, et al. 2008 Differential migration, LPS-induced cytokine, chemokine, and NO expression in immortalized BV-2 and HAPI cell lines and primary microglial cultures J Neurochem 107 557 569 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlajtbvJ 18717813
94. E Blasi R Barluzzi V Bocchini, et al. 1990 Immortalization of murine microglial cells by a v-raf/v-myc carrying retrovirus J Neuroimmunol 27 229 237 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3jslWruw%3D%3D 2110186
95. WS Walker J Gatewood E Olivas, et al. 1995 Mouse microglial cell lines differing in constitutive and interferon-gamma-inducible antigen-presenting activities for naive and memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells J Neuroimmunol 63 163 174 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhtVSgtL7O 8550814
96. N Janabi S Peudenier B Heron, et al. 1995 Establishment of human microglial cell lines after transfection of primary cultures of embryonic microglial cells with the SV40 large T antigen Neurosci Lett 195 105 108 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXntl2mu7s%3D 7478261
97. JA Edwards F Denis PJ Talbot 2000 Activation of glial cells by human coronavirus OC43 infection J Neuroimmunol 108 73 81 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXkvFSgsrk%3D 10900340
98. A Lucas Y Kim O Rivera-Pabon, et al. 2010 Targeting the PI3 K/Akt cell survival pathway to induce cell death of HIV-1 infected macrophages with alkylphospholipid compounds PLoS One 5 e13121 20927348
99. BH Kim JH Song YC Jeon, et al. 2009 Spontaneous immortalization of oligodendroglial cells derived from an SV40 T antigen-positive human glioblastoma multiforme Cancer Lett 283 212 221 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptlanurc%3D 19394139
100. K Pringproa J Kumnok R Ulrich, et al. 2008 In vitro characterization of a murine oligodendrocyte precursor cell line (BO-1) following spontaneous immortalization Int J Dev Neurosci 26 283 291 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXks1GhtLY%3D 18358665
101. GI Nistor MO Totoiu N Haque, et al. 2005 Human embryonic stem cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes in high purity and myelinate after spinal cord transplantation Glia 49 385 396 15538751
102. BY Hu ZW Du SC Zhang 2009 Differentiation of human oligodendrocytes from pluripotent stem cells Nat Protoc 4 1614 1622 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlOlu7bL 19834476
103. Y Porat S Porozov D Belkin, et al. 2006 Isolation of an adult blood-derived progenitor cell population capable of differentiation into angiogenic, myocardial and neural lineages Br J Haematol 135 703 714 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitl2ltw%3D%3D 17052254
104. S Kuçi Z Kuçi S Schmid, et al. 2008 Efficient in vitro generation of adult multipotent cells from mobilized peripheral blood CD133 + cells Cell Prolif 41 12 27 18211283
105. SJ Chua R Bielecki CJ Wong N Yamanaka IM Rogers RF Casper 2009 Neural progenitors, neurons and oligodendrocytes from human umbilical cord blood cells in a serum-free, feeder-free cell culture Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379 217 221 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotlyktg%3D%3D 19101517
106. HS Keirstead G Nistor G Bernal, et al. 2005 Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury J Neurosci 25 4694 4705 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksFalt70%3D 15888645