Depression in the workforce: The intermediary effect of medical comorbidity

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 128, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages

  McIntyre, Roger S ^a,b,c   Liauw, Samantha ^c,d   Taylor, Valerie H ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Depression; Diabetes; Medical comorbidity; Obesity; Workforce disability

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ABSENTEEISM; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC STRESS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HEALTH INSURANCE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; JOB ADAPTATION; JOB PERFORMANCE; JOB SATISFACTION; JOB STRESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; OBESITY; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; STRESS MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WORK DISABILITY;

ABSENTEEISM; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; EFFICIENCY; EMPLOYMENT; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; SICK LEAVE;

EID: 78651230828     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0327(11)70006-4     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. A. Akincigil, J.R. Bowblis, C. Levin, J.T. Walkup, S. Jan, S. Crystal Adherence to antidepressant treatment among privately insured patients diagnosed with depression Med. Care. 45 4 2007 363 369
2. H. Allen, Z. Hyworon, A. Colombi Using self-reports of symptom severity to measure and manage workplace depression J. Occup. Environ. Med. 52 4 2010 363 374
3. G. Aronsson, K. Gustafsson Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research J. Occup. Environ. Med. 47 9 2005 958 966
4. G. Bergstrom, L. Bodin, J. Hagberg, G. Aronsson, M. Josephson Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absenteeism tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absenteeism J. Occup. Environ. Med. 51 6 2009 629 638
5. H.G. Birnbaum, R. Ben-Hamadi, D. Kelley, M. Hsieh, B. Seal, E. Kantor, P.Y. Cremieux, P.E. Greenberg Assessing the relationship between compliance with antidepressant therapy and employer costs among employees in the United States J. Occup. Environ. Med. 52 2 2010 115 124
6. H.G. Birnbaum, R.C. Kessler, D. Kelley, R. Ben-Hamadi, V.N. Joish, P.E. Greenberg Employer burden of mild, moderate, and severe major depressive disorder: mental health services utilization and costs, and work performance Depress. Anxiety 27 1 2010 78 89
7. E.R. Blackmore, S.A. Stansfeld, I. Weller, S. Munce, B.M. Zagorski, D.E. Stewart Major depressive episodes and work stress: results from a national population survey Am. J. Public Health 97 11 2007 2088 2093
8. J.P. Bonde Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence Occup. Environ. Med. 65 7 2008 438 445
9. R. Bruffaerts, K. Demyttenaere, G. Vilagut, M. Martinez, A. Bonnewyn, R. de Graaf, J.M. Haro, S. Bernert, M.C. Angermeyer, T. Brugha, C. Roick, J. Alonso The relation between body mass index, mental health, and functional disability: a European population perspective Can. J. Psychiatr. 53 10 2008 679 688
10. W.N. Burton, C.Y. Chen, D.J. Conti, A.B. Schultz, D.W. Edington The association of antidepressant medication adherence with employee disability absences Am. J. Manag. Care 13 2 2007 105 112
11. W.N. Burton, C.Y. Chen, A.B. Schultz, D.W. Edington The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an employed population and the impact on health and productivity J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 10 2008 1139 1148
12. G.M. Caruso A clinical perspective on workplace depression: current and future directions J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 4 2008 501 513
13. G.P. Couser Challenges and opportunities for preventing depression in the workplace: a review of the evidence supporting workplace factors and interventions J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 4 2008 411 427
14. R. de Graaf, R.C. Kessler, J. Fayyad, M. ten Have, J. Alonso, M. Angermeyer, G. Borges, K. Demyttenaere, I. Gasquet, G. de Girolamo, J.M. Haro, R. Jin, E.G. Karam, J. Ormel, J. Posada-Villa The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative Occup. Environ. Med. 65 12 2008 835 842
15. C.S. Dewa, J.S. Hoch, E. Lin, M. Paterson, P. Goering Pattern of antidepressant use and duration of depression-related absence from work Br. J. Psychiatr. 183 2003 507 513
16. B.G. Druss, S.C. Marcus, M. Olfson, T. Tanielian, L. Elinson, H.A. Pincus Comparing the national economic burden of five chronic conditions Health Aff. (Millwood) 20 6 2001 233 241
17. A.E. Field, E.H. Coakley, A. Must, J.L. Spadano, N. Laird, W.H. Dietz, E. Rimm, G.A. Colditz Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period Arch. Intern. Med. 161 13 2001 1581 1586
18. E.A. Finkelstein, I.C. Fiebelkorn, G. Wang National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: how much, and who's paying? Health Aff. (Millwood) Suppl 2003 Web Exclusives, W3-26.
19. E. Finkelstein, C. Fiebelkorn, G. Wang The costs of obesity among full-time employees Am. J. Health Promot. 20 1 2005 45 51
20. K.M. Flegal, M.D. Carroll, C.L. Ogden, C.L. Johnson Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 JAMA 288 14 2002 1723 1727
21. W.W. Fleischhacker, M. Cetkovich-Bakmas, H.M. De, C.H. Hennekens, M. Lambert, S. Leucht, M. Maj, R.S. McIntyre, D. Naber, J.W. Newcomer, M. Olfson, U. Osby, N. Sartorius, J. Lieberman Comorbid somatic illnesses in patients with severe mental disorders: clinical, policy, and research challenges J. Clin. Psychiatr. 18 2008 e1 e6
22. K.R. Fontaine, D.T. Redden, C. Wang, A.O. Westfall, D.B. Allison Years of life lost due to obesity JAMA 2003 289 2 2003 187 193
23. D.M. Gates, P. Succop, B.J. Brehm, G.L. Gillespie, B.D. Sommers Obesity and presenteeism: the impact of body mass index on workplace productivity J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 1 2008 39 45
24. A.J. Gelenberg Using assessment tools to screen for, diagnose, and treat major depressive disorder in clinical practice J. Clin. Psychiatr. 71 Suppl E1 2010 e01
25. R.Z. Goetzel, R.J. Ozminkowski, V.G. Villagra, J. Duffy Return on investment in disease management: a review Health Care Financ. Rev. 26 4 2005 1 19
26. R.Z. Goetzel, T.B. Gibson, M.E. Short, B.C. Chu, J. Waddell, J. Bowen, S.C. Lemon, I.D. Fernandez, R.J. Ozminkowski, M.G. Wilson, D.M. DeJoy A multi-worksite analysis of the relationships among body mass index, medical utilization, and worker productivity J. Occup. Environ. Med. 52 Suppl 1 2010 S52 S58
27. R.J. Goldberg, S. Steury Depression in the workplace: costs and barriers to treatment Psychiatr. Serv. 52 12 2001 1639 1643
28. E. Goodman, G.B. Slap, B. Huang The public health impact of socioeconomic status on adolescent depression and obesity Am. J. Public Health 93 11 2003 1844 1850
29. P.E. Greenberg, L.E. Stiglin, S.N. Finkelstein, E.R. Berndt The economic burden of depression in 1990 J. Clin. Psychiatry 54 11 1993 405 418
30. P.E. Greenberg, R.C. Kessler, H.G. Birnbaum, S.A. Leong, S.W. Lowe, P.A. Berglund, P.K. Corey-Lisle The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J. Clin. Psychiatry 64 12 2003 1465 1475
31. P.R. Grime Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy at work: a randomized controlled trial in employees with recent stress-related absenteeism Occup. Med. (Lond.) 54 5 2004 353 359
32. R.M. Hirschfeld, S.A. Montgomery, M.B. Keller, S. Kasper, A.F. Schatzberg, H.J. Moller, D. Healy, D. Baldwin, M. Humble, M. Versiani, R. Montenegro, M. Bourgeois Social functioning in depression: a review J. Clin. Psychiatry 61 4 2000 268 275
33. W. Katon The impact of depression on workplace functioning and disability costs Am. J. Manag. Care 15 11 Suppl 2009 S322 S327
34. S.H. Kennedy, R.W. Lam, S.V. Parikh, S.B. Patten, A.V. Ravindran Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults Introduction. J. Affect. Disord. 117 Suppl 1 2009 S1 S2
35. R.C. Kessler, C. Barber, H.G. Birnbaum, R.G. Frank, P.E. Greenberg, R.M. Rose, G.E. Simon, P. Wang Depression in the workplace: effects on short-term disability Health Aff. (Millwood) 18 5 1999 163 171
36. R.C. Kessler, P. Berglund, O. Demler, R. Jin, D. Koretz, K.R. Merikangas, A.J. Rush, E.E. Walters, P.S. Wang The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) JAMA 289 23 2003 3095 3105
37. R.C. Kessler, H.S. Akiskal, M. Ames, H. Birnbaum, P. Greenberg, R.M. Hirschfeld, R. Jin, K.R. Merikangas, G.E. Simon, P.S. Wang Prevalence and effects of mood disorders on work performance in a nationally representative sample of U.S. workers Am. J. Psychiatr. 163 9 2006 1561 1568
38. R.C. Kessler, K.R. Merikangas, P.S. Wang The prevalence and correlates of workplace depression in the national comorbidity survey replication J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 4 2008 381 390
39. R. Kessler, V. Shahly, P. Stang, M. Lane The associations of migraines and other headaches with work performance: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) Cephalalgia 30 6 2010 722 734
40. C. Koopman, K.R. Pelletier, J.F. Murray, C.E. Sharda, M.L. Berger, R.S. Turpin, P. Hackleman, P. Gibson, D.M. Holmes, T. Bendel Stanford presenteeism scale: health status and employee productivity J. Occup. Environ. Med. 44 1 2002 14 20
41. A. Kouvonen, T. Oksanen, J. Vahtera, M. Stafford, R. Wilkinson, J. Schneider, A. Vaananen, M. Virtanen, S.J. Cox, J. Pentti, M. Elovainio, M. Kivimaki Low workplace social capital as a predictor of depression: the Finnish Public Sector Study Am. J. Epidemiol. 167 10 2008 1143 1151
42. C. Lauber, J.L. Bowen Low mood and employment: when affective disorders are intertwined with the workplace - a UK perspective Int. Rev. Psychiatry 22 2 2010 173 182
43. K.E. Laxman, K.S. Lovibond, M.K. Hassan Impact of bipolar disorder in employed populations Am. J. Manag. Care 14 11 2008 757 764
44. D. Lerner, R.M. Henke What does research tell us about depression, job performance, and work productivity? J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 4 2008 401 410
45. D. Lerner, D.A. Adler, H. Chang, E.R. Berndt, J.T. Irish, L. Lapitsky, M.Y. Hood, J. Reed, W.H. Rogers The clinical and occupational correlates of work productivity loss among employed patients with depression J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46 6 Suppl 2004 S46 S55
46. A.T. Lo Sasso, K. Rost, A. Beck Modeling the impact of enhanced depression treatment on workplace functioning and costs: a cost-benefit approach Med. Care 44 4 2006 352 358
47. D.E. Marcotte, V. Wilcox-Gok, P.D. Redmon Prevalence and patterns of major depressive disorder in the United States labor force J. Ment. Health Policy Econ. 2 3 1999 123 131
48. A. Martin, K. Sanderson, F. Cocker Meta-analysis of the effects of health promotion intervention in the workplace on depression and anxiety symptoms Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 35 1 2009 7 18
49. R.S. McIntyre Overview of managing medical comorbidities in patients with severe mental illness J. Clin. Psychiatry 70 6 2009 e17
50. R.S. McIntyre, J.Z. Konarski, L.N. Yatham Comorbidity in bipolar disorder: a framework for rational treatment selection Hum. Psychopharmacol. 19 6 2004 369 386
51. R.S. McIntyre, J.Z. Konarski, J.K. Soczynska, K. Wilkins, G. Panjwani, B. Bouffard, A. Bottas, S.H. Kennedy Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: implications for functional outcomes and health service utilization Psychiatr. Serv. 57 8 2006 1140 1144
52. R.S. McIntyre, J.Z. Konarski, K. Wilkins, B. Bouffard, J.K. Soczynska, S.H. Kennedy The prevalence and impact of migraine headache in bipolar disorder: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey Headache 46 6 2006 973 982 (Pubitemid 43794749)
53. R.S. McIntyre, J.K. Soczynska, J.L. Beyer, H.O. Woldeyohannes, C.W. Law, A. Miranda, J.Z. Konarski, S.H. Kennedy Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: re-prioritizing unmet needs Curr. Opin. Psychiatr. 20 4 2007 406 416
54. R.S. McIntyre, J.K. Soczynska, J.Z. Konarski, H.O. Woldeyohannes, C.W. Law, A. Miranda, D. Fulgosi, S.H. Kennedy Should depressive syndromes be reclassified as "Metabolic Syndrome Type II"? Ann. Clin. Psychiatr. 19 4 2007 257 264
55. R.S. McIntyre, K. Wilkins, H. Gilmour, J.K. Soczynska, J.Z. Konarksi, A. Miranda, H.O. Woldeyohannes, D. Vagic, M. Alsuwaidan, S.H. Kennedy The effect of bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder on workforce function Chronic Dis. Can. 28 3 2008 84 91
56. R.S. McIntyre, N.L. Rasgon, D.E. Kemp, H.T Nguyen, C.W. Law, V.H. Taylor, H.O. Woldeyohannes, M.T. Alsuwaidan, J.K. Soczynska, B. Kim, M.T. Lourenco, L.S. Kahn, B.I. Goldstein Metabolic syndrome and major depressive disorder: co-occurrence and pathophysiologic overlap Curr. Diab. Rep. 9 1 2009 51 59
57. Y. Mino, A. Babazono, T. Tsuda, N. Yasuda Can stress management at the workplace prevent depression? A randomized controlled trial Psychother. Psychosom. 75 3 2006 177 182
58. C.J. Murray, A.D. Lopez Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet 349 9063 1997 1436 1442
59. C.J. Murray, A.D. Lopez Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet 349 9064 1997 1498 1504
60. Oksanen, T., Kouvonen, A., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M., Kivimaki, M., 2010. Prospective study of workplace social capital and depression: are vertical and horizontal components equally important? J. Epidemiol. Community Health [Epub ahead of print].
61. K.M. Richardson, H.R. Rothstein Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: a meta-analysis J. Occup. Health Psychol. 13 1 2008 69 93
62. R. Rugulies, U. Bultmann, B. Aust, H. Burr Psychosocial work environment and incidence of severe depressive symptoms: prospective findings from a 5-year follow-up of the Danish work environment cohort study Am. J. Epidemiol. 163 10 2006 877 887
63. K. Sanderson, E. Tilse, J. Nicholson, B. Oldenburg, N. Graves Which presenteeism measures are more sensitive to depression and anxiety? J. Affect. Disord. 101 1-3 2007 65 74
64. G.E. Simon Social and economic burden of mood disorders Biol. Psychiatry 54 3 2003 208 215
65. G.E. Simon, D. Revicki, J. Heiligenstein, L. Grothaus, M. VonKorff, W.J. Katon, T.R. Hylan Recovery from depression, work productivity, and health care costs among primary care patients Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 22 3 2000 153 162
66. A. Steele, N. Maruyama, I. Galynker Psychiatric symptoms in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder: a review J. Affect. Disord. 121 1-2 2010 10 21
67. U. Stoetzer, G. Ahlberg, G. Johansson, P. Bergman, L. Hallsten, Y. Forsell, I. Lundberg Problematic interpersonal relationships at work and depression: a Swedish prospective cohort study J. Occup. Health 51 2 2009 144 151
68. V. Taylor, M.C. McKinnon, K. Macdonald, G. Jaswal, G.M. MacQueen Adults with mood disorders have an increased risk profile for cardiovascular disease within the first 2 years of treatment Can. J. Psychiatry 55 6 2010 362 368
69. J.G. Trogdon, E.A. Finkelstein, T. Hylands, P.S. Dellea, S.J. Kamal-Bahl Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature Obes. Rev. 9 5 2008 489 500
70. J. Trogdon, E.A. Finkelstein, M. Reyes, W.H. Dietz A return-on-investment simulation model of workplace obesity interventions J. Occup. Environ. Med. 51 7 2009 751 758
71. J.J. van der Klink, R.W. Blonk, A.H. Schene, F.J. van Dijk The benefits of interventions for work-related stress Am. J. Public Health 91 2 2001 270 276
72. M. Virtanen, T. Honkonen, M. Kivimaki, K. Ahola, J. Vahtera, A. Aromaa, J. Lonnqvist Work stress, mental health and antidepressant medication findings from the Health 2000 Study J. Affect. Disord. 98 3 2007 189 197
73. Wang, J., Schmitz, N., 2010. Does job strain interact with psychosocial factors outside of the workplace in relation to the risk of major depression? The Canadian National Population Health Survey. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. [Epub ahead of print].
74. P.S. Wang, G.E. Simon, J. Avorn, F. Azocar, E.J. Ludman, J. McCulloch, M.Z. Petukhova, R.C. Kessler Telephone screening, outreach, and care management for depressed workers and impact on clinical and work productivity outcomes: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 298 12 2007 1401 1411
75. CD Williams, R Schouten Assessment of occupational impairment and disability from depression J. Occup. Environ. Med. 50 4 2008 441 450
76. K.B. Wells, A. Stewart, R.D. Hays, M.A. Burnam, W. Rogers, M. Daniels, S. Berry, S. Greenfield, J. Ware The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study JAMA 262 7 1989 914 919 (Pubitemid 19208948)
77. K. Zivin, K. Kerber, J. Kuebler, Q. Jiang, H. Walters, M. Klinkman, M. McInnis, M. Valenstein Effectiveness of a depression disease management program in improving depression and work function - a pilot study Int. J. Psychiatry Med. 39 1 2009 1 13