Populism in Ukraine in a comparative European context

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 3-18

  Kuzio, Taras ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650951785     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2753/PPC1075-8216570601     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Ivan Krastev, "The New Europe: Respectable Populism, Clockwork Liberalism" (March 21, 2006), www.opendemocracy.net.
2. See Paul Taggart, "Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe," Journal of Political Ideologies 9, no. 3 (October 2004): 269-88;
3. Cas Mudde, "In the Name of the Peasantry, the Proletariat, and the People: Populism in Eastern Europe," East European Politics and Society 14, no. 2 (March 2000): 33-53.
4. Thomas Buch-Andersen, "Islam a Political Target in Norway," BBC News (April 20, 2009).
5. See Rogers Brubaker, "The Return of Assimilation: Changing Perspectives on Immigration and Its Sequels in France, Germany, and the United States," Ethnic and Racial Studies 24, no. 4 (July 2001): 531-48;
6. Ellie Vasta, "From Ethnic Mnorities to Ethnic Majority Policy: Multiculturalism and the Shift to Assimilation in the Netherlands," Ethnic and Racial Studies 30, no. 5 (September 2007): 713-40.
7. Reinhard Heinisch, "Right-Wing Populism in Austria. A Case for Comparison," Problems of Post-Communism 55, no. 3 (May/June 2008): 40-56.
8. John Hooper, "Silvio Berlusconi Realises Dream with New Rightwing Party," Guardian (March 28, 2009), www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/28/ freedom-people-silvio-berlusconi-italy/.
9. Krastev, "New Europe."
10. Vladimir Tismaneanu, "Leninist Legacies, Pluralist Dilemmas," Journal of Democracy 18, no. 4 (October 2007): 36.
11. Ibid., p. 37.
12. Unfortunately similar in name to Yuriy Lutsenko's Self-Defense party, which gave its name to President Yushchenko's 2007 election bloc, Our Ukraine-People's Self-Defense (NU-NS).
13. Clare McManus-Czubinska, William L. Miller, Radoslaw Markowski, and Jacek Wasilewski, "The New Polish 'Right'?" Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 19, no. 2 (June 2003): 1-23.
14. Aleks Szczerbiak, "Old and New Divisions in Polish Politics: Polish Parties' Electoral Strategies and Bases of Support," Europe-Asia Studies 55, no. 5 (July 2003): 729-46.
15. Kristen Ghodsee, "Left-Wing, Right-Wing, Everything: Xenophobia, Neo-Totalitarianism, and Populist Politics in Bulgaria," Problems of Post-Communism 55, no. 3 (May/June 2008): 26-39.
16. George Schopfin, "The Referendum: Populism vs. Democracy," www. opendemocracy.net (June 16, 2008).
17. Taggart, "Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe," p. 278.
18. Bojan Bugaric, "Populism, Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law in Central and Eastern Europe," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41, no. 2 (June 2008): 191-203.
19. Yulia Tymoshenko, cited in Ukrainska pravda (November 19, 2003).
20. The Hromada party, led by former prime minister Pavlo Lazarenko, entered parliament in March 1998. Tymoshenko entered parliament as a member of Hromada but created the Fatherland party in 1999 after Lazarenko's parliamentary immunity was lifted and he fed to the United States.
21. Aleksander Smolar, "History and Memory: The Revolutions of 1989-91," Journal of Democracy 12, no. 3 (July 2001), p. 11.
22. Smolar A. History and memory: The revolutions of 1989-91, Journal of Democracy, 2001, 12, Ibid.
23. Krzysztof Jasiewicz, "The New Populism in Poland. The Usual Suspects?" Problems of Post-Communism 55, no. 3 (May/June 2008): 8.
24. Ukrainian election programs are cited from the Central Election Commission Web site, www.cvk.gov.ua.
25. Online chat with Roman Bessmertny at www2.pravda.com.ua/conf/ bezsmertny-2006.htm?rnd=0.2494127808453684/, February 24, 2006.
26. Interview with Leonid Kuchma in Fakty (September 3, 2005); statement by Viktor Baloga at www.president.gov.ua (January 28, 2009).
27. Taggart, "Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe," p. 278.
28. Interview with Viktor Yanukovych in Izvestia (September 23, 2008).
29. Personal observation based on research conducted in Ukraine from August 2009 to February 2010.
30. See Anatoliy Grytsenko's blog in Ukrainska pravda (October 25, 2010), http://blogs.pravda.com.ua/authors/grytsenko/.
31. On BYuT's ideology, see the interview with Yulia Tymoshenko in Zerkalo nedeli/tserkalo tyzhnia (August 21-27, 2004);
32. Olga Kryzhanovska, "Spitting on the Memory of Independence Square," Kyiv Post (October 6, 2005); interview with Tymoshenko in Kommersant-Ukraina (December 22, 2006).
33. Julia Ioffe, "Kiev Chameleon," New Republic (January 5, 2010), www. tnr.com/article/world/kiev-chameleon/;
34. Adrian Karatnycky and Alexander J. Motyl, "The Key to Kiev: Ukraine's Security Means Europe's Stability," Foreign Affairs 88, no. 3 (May/June 2009): 110.
35. Fatherland is part of the larger Yulia Tymoshenko bloc.
36. Serhiy Leshchenko, quoted in Ukrainska pravda (September 5, 2008).
37. Poll cited in Ukrainska pravda (April 21, 2009).
38. Tymoshenko, quoted in Ukrainska pravda (May 29, 2008).
39. Olha Dmytrycheva, "Sertse, tebe ne khochetsia pokoya?" (Does your heart not want peace?), Zerkalo nedeli/tserkalo tyzhnia (December 10-16, 2005).
40. See also Serhiy Rakhmanin, "Doroha yaka ne vede do Maydanu" (The Road That Does Not Lead to Maydan), Zerkalo nedeli/tserkalo tyzhnia (November 26-December 2, 2005).
41. Alexandra Hrycak, "Gender Biases Are a Factor in Yulia's Defeat," Kyiv Post (March 16, 2010).
42. See also Alexandra Hrycak, "Coping with Chaos: Gender and Politics in a Fragmented State," Problems of Post-Communism 52, no. 5 (September/October 2005): 69-81.
43. Interview with Viktor Yushchenko on Inter television (March 5, 2009).
44. Owen Matthews, "The Breadbasket Becomes the Basket Case," Newsweek (March 23, 2009), www.newsweek.com/2009/03/13/the-breadbasket-becomes- the-basket-case.html.
45. Quoted from Oleh Tyahnybok's blog (March 31, 2009), http://blogs. pravda.com.ua/authors/tiahnybok/.
46. Anatoliy Grytsenko was president of the Razumkov Ukrainian Center on Economic and Political Studies, minister of defense in 2005-7, and has been head of parliament's committee on national security and defense since 2008. See www.uceps.com.ua.
47. The 2005 Tymoshenko government's program is reproduced in O.D. Yanevskyi, Viktor Yushchenko. 12 dniv prezydentstva: priama mova (Viktor Yushchenko. 12 Days of His Presidency: Straight Talk) (Kharkiv: Folio, 2005), pp. 40-87.
48. Jan Maksymiuk, "Analysis: Promises, Promises, Promises," RFE/RL (February 3, 2005), www.rferl.org/Content/Article/1057249.html.
49. Taggart, "Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe," p. 275.
50. Taggart, "Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe," Ibid.
51. See N.B. Panina, ed., Ukrayinske suspilstvo. Sotsiolohichnyi monito-ryng, 1994-2005 (Ukrainian Society. Sociological Monitoring, 1994-2005) (Kyiv: Institute of Sociology and Democratic Initiatives, 2005).
52. Taras Kuzio, "'Antinationalist Campaign' to Discredit Our Ukraine," RFE/RL Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine Report (April 9, 2002).
53. Ihor Zhdanov, "Zasudzheniy do viyny, abo Vichnyi pokhid ukrayin-skykh politykiv do vladu" (Committed to War, or About the Endless Paths of Ukrainian Politicians Seeking to Come to Power), Zerkalo nedeli/tserkalo tyzhnia (May 31-June 6, 2008).
54. Interview with Davyd Zhvannia, Ukrainska pravda (July 8, 2008).
55. Quoted in Kuzio, "Who's Populist in Ukrainian Politics?" Kyiv Post, July 4, 2007.
56. Kuzio, "Who's Populist in Ukrainian Politics?" Kyiv Post, Ibid.
57. Press Offce of President Victor Yushchenko, "Rozenko: Government Has No Social Program," www.president.gov.ua/en/news/6982.html.
58. Bessmertny, quoted by www.president.gov.ua (January 30, 2009).
59. Baloga, quoted in Ukrainska pravda (February 11, 2009).
60. Krastev, "New Europe."
61. Karatnycky and Motyl, "Key to Kiev," p. 110.
62. See interview with Tymoshenko in Ukrainska pravda (September 18, 2007).
63. Borys Kolesnykov's testimony to a parliamentary commission is discussed in S. Leshchenko, "Poroshenko otrymav chornu mitku vid Kole-snykova" (Poroshenko Received a Black Mark from Kolesnykov), Ukrainska pravda (April 23, 2009).
64. See V Baloga, "Nova mozhlyvist zmin" (New Possibilities for Change), Ukrainska pravda (October 31, 2008).
65. Anders Åslund, "Ukraine Above the Rest in Crisis Management," Moscow Times (April 22, 2009). See also idem, How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy (Washington, DC: Petersen Institute of International Economics, 2009).
66. Interview with Yuriy Yekhanurov in Ukrainska pravda (October 2, 2008).
67. Interview with Oleksandr Morozov in Ukrainska pravda (April 8, 2008).
68. Viktor Yushchenko, "Ukraine Will Not Be Weak Link in Global Economy," Financial Times (November 17, 2008).
69. Interview with Oleksandr Turchynov in Ukrainska pravda (May 7, 2008).
70. Åslund, How Ukraine Became a Market Economy, p. 223.
71. Baloga's comment is available at www.president.gov.ua (May 6, 2008).
72. Taras Kuzio, "Deep Contradictions Cloud Yanukovych's Foreign Policy," Eurasia Daily Monitor (November 12, 2004).
73. Matthews, "The Breadbasket Becomes the Basket Case."
74. The Party of Regions statement is available at www.partyofregions.org.ua (March 2, 2009).
75. Nikolai Azarov was Party of Regions leader in 2001-3 and has been again since April 2010.
76. Editorial, "Socialist Tycoons," Kyiv Post (October 21, 2010).
77. See Vladimir Socor, "Yanukovych Consistently Russia-Leaning in Ukraine's Presidential Election," Eurasia Daily Monitor (January 22, 2010).
78. See Roman Olearchyk, "Fresh Face Wins Reputation as Kiev's Obama," Financial Times (April 7, 2009).
79. Oleksiy Mustafn, "Pohano zabute stare, abo Bezvykhid yak peredvy-bornyi kozyr" (It Is Bad Form to Forget the Old, or the Lack of Alternatives as a Pre-Election Card), Zerkalo nedeli/tserkalo tyzhnia (April 21-28, 2009).
80. See "NATO Membership: A Question of Tactics," Inform: Newsletter for the International Community Providing Views and Analysis from the Tymoshenko Bloc, no. 108 (April 21, 2009).