Cataract and cognitive impairment: A review of the literature

British Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 95, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 17-23

  Jefferis, Joanna M ^a,b   Mosimann, U P ^b,c   Clarke, M P ^a,b  

^a ROYAL VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATARACT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFORMED CONSENT; PATIENT CARE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CATARACT; CATARACT EXTRACTION; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISION DISORDERS; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 78650821448     PISSN: 00071161     EISSN: 14682079     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.165902     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Fotiou DF, Stergiou V, Tsiptsios D, et al. Cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: evaluation with pupillometry. Int J Psychophysiol 2009;73:143-9.
2. Scinto LF, Daffner KR, Dressler D, et al. A potential noninvasive neurobiological test for Alzheimer's disease. Science 1994;266:1051-4.
3. Wostyn P, Audenaert K, De Deyn PP. Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: is there a causal relationship? Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:1557-9.
4. Baker ML, Wang JJ, Rogers S, et al. Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:667-73.
5. Formaglio M, Krolak-Salmon P, Tilikete C, et al. Hémianopsie late rale homonyméet atrophie corticale poste rieure [Homonymous hemianopia and posterior cortical atrophy]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009;165:256-62.
6. Mosimann UP, Müri RM, Burn DJ, et al. Saccadic eye movement changes in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain 2005;128:1267-76.
7. Garbutt S, Matlin A, Hellmuth J, et al. Oculomotor function in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, related disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2008;131:1268-81.
8. Mosimann UP, Felblinger J, Ballinari P, et al. Visual exploration behaviour during clock reading in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2004;127:431-8.
9. Harding J. Cataract: biochemistry, epidemiology and pharmacology. London: Chapman and Hall, 1991.
10. Sparrow JM, Frost NA. How should cataracts be measured? Eye 2004;18:763-4.
11. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999;56:303-8.
12. Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 2004;256:183-94.
13. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. 4th edn. Text revision ((DSM-IV-TR). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
14. World Health Organisation. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO, 1993.
15. Caine D. Posterior cortical atrophy: a review of the literature. Neurocase 2004;10:382-5.
16. Hirono N, Mori E, Tanimukai S, et al. Distinctive neurobehavioral features among neurodegenerative dementias. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999;11:498-503.
17. McKeith IG, Dickson DW, Lowe J, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology 2005;65:1863-72. (Pubitemid 43970103)
18. Stocks N, Patel R, Sparrow J, et al. Prevalence of cataract in the speedwell cardiovascular study: a cross sectional survey of men aged 65-83. Eye 2002;16:275-80.
19. Congdon N, Vingerling JR, Klein BE, et al. Prevalence of cataract and psuedophakia/aphakia among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:487-94. (Pubitemid 38456283)
20. Tan AG, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al. Comparison of age-specific cataract prevalence in two population based surveys 6 years apart. BMC Ophthalmology 2006;6:17.
21. Leibowitz HM, Krueger DE, Maunder LR, et al. The Framingham Eye Study monograph: an ophthalmological and epidemiological study of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and visual acuity in a general population of 2631 adults, 1973-1975. Surv Ophthalmol 1980;24:335-610.
22. Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Attebo K, et al. Prevalence of cataract in Australia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1997;104:581-8. (Pubitemid 27171978)
23. Taiel-Sartral M, Nounou P, Rea C, et al. Acuité visuelle et pathologie oculaire chez le sujet âgé résidant en maison de retraite: étude orléanaise sur 219 personnes. J Fr Ophthalmol 1999;22:431-7.
24. Van Newkirk M, Weih L, McCarty CA, et al. Visual impairment and eye diseases in elderly institutionalised Australians. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2203-8.
25. Tielsch JM, Javitt JC, Coleman A, et al. The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among nursing home residents in Baltimore. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1205-9.
26. Williams A, Sloan FA, Lee PP. Longitudinal rates of cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:1308-14.
27. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005;366:2112-17.
28. Hendrie H. Epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr psychiatry 1998;62:S3-18.
29. Hofman A, Rocca WA, Brayne C, et al. The prevalence of dementia in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980-1990 findings. Eurodem Prevalence Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 1991;20:736-48.
30. Blansjaar BA, Thomassen R, Schaick HWV. Prevalence of dementia in centenarians. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:219-25.
31. Heeren TJ, Lagaay AM, Hijmans W, et al. Prevalence of dementia in the 'oldest old' of a Dutch community. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:755-9.
32. Ritchie K, Kildea D. Is senile dementia "age-related" or "ageing-related"? - evidence from meta-analysis of dementia prevalence in the oldest old. Lancet 1995;346:931-4.
33. Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Roth M. Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurol Sci 1970;11:205-42.
34. McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology 1996;47:1113-24.
35. Burns A, Tomlinson BE, Mann DM. Observations on the brains of demented old people. B.E. Tomlinson, G. Blessed and M. Roth, Journal of the Neurological Sciences (1970) 11, 205-242 and Observations on the brains of non-demented old people. B.E. Tomlinson, G. Blessed and M. Roth, Journal of Neurological Sciences (1968) 7, 331-356. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997;12:785-90.
36. Owsley C, McGwin G, Scilley K, et al. The visual status of older persons residing in nursing homes. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:925-30. (Pubitemid 47076430)
37. Lindenberger U, Baltes P. Sensory functioning and intelligence in old age: a strong connection. Psychol Aging 1994;9:339-55.
38. Anstey KJ, Luszcz MA, Hofer SM. A latent growth curve analysis of late-life sensory and cognitive function over 8 years: evidence for specific and common factors underlying change. Psychol Aging 2003;18:714-26.
39. Dickinson C, Rabbitt P. Simulated visual impairment: effects on text comprehension and reading speed. Clinical vision sciences 1991;6:301-8.
40. Kempen J, Krichevsky M, Feldman S. Effect of visual impairment on neuropsychological test performance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994;16:223-31.
41. Lindenberger U, Scherer H, Baltes P. The strong connection between sensory and cognitive performance in old age: not due to sensory acuity reductions operating during cognitive assessment. Psychol Aging 2001;16:196-205.
42. Drobny JV, Anstey KJ, Andrews S. Visual memory testing in older adults with age-related visual decline: a measure of memory performance or visual functioning? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2005;27:425-35.
43. Harding JJ. Cataract, Alzheimer's disease, and other conformational diseases. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998;9:10-13.
44. Goldstein LE, Muffat JA, Cherny RA, et al. Cytosolic beta-amyloid deposition and supranuclear cataracts in lenses from people with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2003;361:1258-65.
45. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors associated with age-related nuclear and cortical cataract: a case-control study in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, AREDS Report No. 5. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1400-8.
46. West SK, Valmadrid CT. Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract. Surv Ophthalmol 1995;39:323-34.
47. Leske MC, Chylack LT Jr, Wu SY. The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study. Risk factors for cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:244-51.
48. Fillit H, Nash DT, Rundek T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2008;6:100-18.
49. Qiu C, Kivipelto M, von Strauss E. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2009;11:111-28.
50. Schmidt R, Kienbacher E, Benke T, et al. [Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease]. Neuropsychiatr 2008;22:1-15.
51. Anstey KJ, von Sanden C, Salim A, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:367-78.
52. Tan JS, Wang JJ, Mitchell P. Influence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease on the long-term incidence of cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2008;15:317-27.
53. Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Relations of body fat distribution and height with cataract in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1495-502.
54. Tan JS, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, et al. Statin use and the long-term risk of incident cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143:687-9.
55. Leske MC. Nuclear cataract: do statins reduce risk? Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:401-2.
56. Kahn HA, Leibowitz HM, Ganley JP, et al. The Framingham Eye Study. II. Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1977;106:33-41.
57. Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. A prospective study of blood pressure and risk of cataract in men. Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:104-10.
58. Utheim OA, Ritland JS, Utheim TP, et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype and risk for development of cataract and age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2008;86:401-3.
59. Zetterberg M, Zetterberg H, Palmér M, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in patients with cataract. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:716-18.
60. Grodstein F, Chen J, Hankinson SE. Cataract extraction and cognitive function in older women. Epidemiology 2003;14:493-7. (Pubitemid 40417069)
61. Mosimann UP, Mather G, Wesnes KA, et al. Visual perception in Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2004;63:2091-6.
62. Mori E, Shimomura T, Fujimori M, et al. Visuoperceptual impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies. Arch Neurol 2000;57:489-93.
63. Gnanalingham K, Byrne EJ, Thornton A. Clock-face drawing to differentiate Lewy body and Alzheimer type dementia syndromes. Lancet 1996;347:696-7. (Pubitemid 26076160)
64. Walker Z, Allen RL, Shergill S, et al. Neuropsychological performance in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:156-8.
65. Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study. Arch Neurol 2003;60:387-92.
66. Ballard CG, Aarsland D, McKeith I, et al. Fluctuations in attention: PD dementia vs DLB with parkinsonism. Neurology 2002;59:1714-20.
67. Gnanalingham KK, Byrne EJ, Thornton A, et al. Motor and cognitive function in Lewy body dementia: comparison with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:243-52.
68. Williams DR, Lees AJ. Visual hallucinations in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a retrospective autopsy study. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:605-10.
69. Kiyosawa M, Bosley TM, Chawluk J, et al. Alzheimer's disease with prominent visual symptoms. Clinical and metabolic evaluation. Ophthalmology 1989;96:1077e85; discussion 1085-6.
70. Fletcher W. Ophthalmological aspects of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1994;5:38-44.
71. Tiraboschi P, Salmon DP, Hansen LA, et al. What best differentiates Lewy body from Alzheimer's disease in early stage dementia? Brain 2006;129:729-35.
72. Mendez MF, Mendez MA, Martin R, et al. Complex visual disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1990;40:439-43.
73. Sadun AA, Borchert M, DeVita E, et al. Assessment of visual impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;104:113-20.
74. Holroyd S, Sheldon-Keller A. A study of visual hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1995;3:205-15.
75. Chapman FM, Dickinson J, McKeith I, et al. Association among visual hallucinations, visual acuity, and specific eye pathologies in Alzheimer's disease: treatment implications. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1983-5.
76. Trick GL, Trick LR, Morris P, et al. Visual field loss in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neurology 1995;45:68-74.
77. Bayer AU, Ferrari F, Erb C. High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 2002;47:165-8.
78. Tamura H, Kawakami H, Kanamoto T, et al. High frequency of open-angle glaucoma in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2006;246:79-83.
79. Cooper SA, Murray KL, Heath CA, et al. Isolated visual symptoms at onset in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: the clinical phenotype of the "Heidenhain variant". Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1341-2.
80. Gray CS, Karimova G, Hildreth AJ, et al. Recovery of visual and functional disability following cataract surgery in older people: Sunderland Cataract Study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:60-6.
81. Tamura H, Tsukamoto H, Mukai S, et al. Improvement in cognitive impairment after cataract surgery in elderly patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:598-602. (Pubitemid 38429635)
82. Ishii K, Kabata T, Oshika T. The impact of cataract surgery on cognitive impairment and depressive mental status in elderly patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:404-9.
83. Hall TA, McGwin G Jr, Owsley C. Effect of cataract surgery on cognitive function in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:2140-4.
84. Anstey KJ, Lord SR, Hennessy M, et al. The effect of cataract surgery on neuropsychological test performance: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006;12:632-9.
85. Rosen PN. Cognitive impairment and cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:2459-60;author reply 2460.
86. Piazza D. Cataract surgery in the patient with dementia: justified paternalism? Insight 1996;21:9-12.
87. Jay J, Mammo R, Allan D. Effect of age on visual acuity after cataract extraction. Br J Ophthalmol 1987;71:112-15.
88. Jaycock P, Galloway PH, Johnston RL, et al. The Cataract National Dataset electronic multicentre audit of 55 567 operations: updating benchmark standards of care in the United Kingdom and internationally. Eye 2009;23:38-49.
89. Westcott MC, Tuft SJ, Minassian DC. Effect of age on visual outcome following cataract extraction. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:1380-2.
90. Bernth-Petersen P, Ehlers N. Cataract extraction in the "nineties". Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1983;61:392-6.
91. Elliott AF, McGwin G Jr, Owsley C. Vision-enhancing interventions in nursing home residents and their short-term effect on physical and cognitive function. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:202-8.
92. Del-Viva MM, Agostini R. Visual spatial integration in the elderly. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:2940-6.
93. Crabtree HL, Hildreth AJ, O'Connell JE, et al. Measuring visual symptoms in British cataract patients: the cataract symptom scale. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:519-23.
94. Cogan D. Visual disturbances with focal progressive dementing disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:68-72.
95. Hof PR, Bouras C. Object recognition deficit in Alzheimer's disease: possible disconnection of the occipito-temporal component of the visual system. Neurosci Lett 1991;122:53-6.
96. Armstrong R. Visual field defects in Alzheimer's disease patients may reflect differential pathology in the primary visual cortex. Optom Vis Sci 1996;73:677-82.
97. Lee AG, Martin CO. Neuro-ophthalmic findings in the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease. Am Acad Ophthalmol 2004;111:376-81.
98. Atchison M, Harrison A, Lee M. The woman who needed a pet. Surv Ophthalmol 2006;51:592-5.
99. Dutton GN, Jacobson LK. Cerebral visual impairment in children. Semin Neonatol 2001;6:477-85.
100. Dutton GN. Cognitive vision, its disorders and differential diagnosis in adults and children: knowing where and what things are. Eye 2003;17:289-304.
101. Feher EP, Mahurin RK, Inbody SB, et al. Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and behavioural. Neurology 1991;4:136-46.