메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 201-211

Late Holocene Neoglacial conditions from the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa: Phytolith and stable carbon isotope evidence from the archaeological site of Likoaeng

Author keywords

Archaeology; Carbon isotopes; Lesotho; Neoglacial; Phytoliths; Southern Africa

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CARBON ISOTOPE; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; GRASSLAND; HOLOCENE; NEOGLACIAL; PHYTOLITH; SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE; STABLE ISOTOPE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 78650785517     PISSN: 00167878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (82)
  • 2
    • 0026290914 scopus 로고
    • Soil carbon isotope evidence for Holocene habitat change in the Kenya Rift Valley
    • Ambrose S.H., Sikes N. Soil carbon isotope evidence for Holocene habitat change in the Kenya Rift Valley. Science 1991, 253:1402-1404.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 1402-1404
    • Ambrose, S.H.1    Sikes, N.2
  • 3
    • 0002320381 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios of whole diet and dietary protein to those of bone collagen and carbonate
    • Springer-Verlag, Berlin, J.B. Lambert, G. Grupe (Eds.)
    • Ambrose S.H., Norr L. Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios of whole diet and dietary protein to those of bone collagen and carbonate. Prehistoric Human Bone: Archaeology At The Molecular Level 1993, 1-37. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. J.B. Lambert, G. Grupe (Eds.).
    • (1993) Prehistoric Human Bone: Archaeology At The Molecular Level , pp. 1-37
    • Ambrose, S.H.1    Norr, L.2
  • 4
    • 0005013815 scopus 로고
    • Scanning electron microscopy of silicophytoliths from the Okefenokiee swamp-marsh complex
    • Wetland Surveys, Los Alamos, New Mexico, A.D. Cohen, D.J. Casagrande, M.J. Andrejko, G.R. Best (Eds.)
    • Andrejko M.J., Cohen A.D. Scanning electron microscopy of silicophytoliths from the Okefenokiee swamp-marsh complex. The Okefenokiee Swamp: Its Natural History, Geology and Geochemistry 1984, 468-491. Wetland Surveys, Los Alamos, New Mexico. A.D. Cohen, D.J. Casagrande, M.J. Andrejko, G.R. Best (Eds.).
    • (1984) The Okefenokiee Swamp: Its Natural History, Geology and Geochemistry , pp. 468-491
    • Andrejko, M.J.1    Cohen, A.D.2
  • 8
    • 0004155396 scopus 로고
    • Land Resources Division, Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, Surrey
    • Bawden M.G., Carroll D.M. The Land Resources of Lesotho 1968, Land Resources Division, Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, Surrey.
    • (1968) The Land Resources of Lesotho
    • Bawden, M.G.1    Carroll, D.M.2
  • 9
    • 78650780342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bousman, C.B., 1991. Holocene Palaeoecology and Later Stone Age Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in the South African Interior Plateau. Unpublished PhD thesis, Southern Methodist University
    • Bousman, C.B., 1991. Holocene Palaeoecology and Later Stone Age Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in the South African Interior Plateau. Unpublished PhD thesis, Southern Methodist University, 371pp.
  • 12
    • 78650765296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carter, P.L., 1978. The Prehistory of Eastern Lesotho. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge
    • Carter, P.L., 1978. The Prehistory of Eastern Lesotho. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 381pp.
  • 13
    • 65849479590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fishing in the rain: control of rain-making and aquatic resources at a previously undescribed rock art site in highland Lesotho
    • Challis W., Mitchell P.J., Orton J. Fishing in the rain: control of rain-making and aquatic resources at a previously undescribed rock art site in highland Lesotho. Journal of African Archaeology 2008, 6:203-218.
    • (2008) Journal of African Archaeology , vol.6 , pp. 203-218
    • Challis, W.1    Mitchell, P.J.2    Orton, J.3
  • 14
    • 0020899650 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of C3 and C4 grasses in the south eastern Cape, South Africa
    • Cowling R.M. The occurrence of C3 and C4 grasses in the south eastern Cape, South Africa. Oecologia 1983, 58:121-127.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.58 , pp. 121-127
    • Cowling, R.M.1
  • 15
    • 0001907765 scopus 로고
    • Illustrated phytoliths from assorted food plants
    • Plenum Press, New York, G. Rapp, S.C. Mulholland (Eds.)
    • Cummings L.S. Illustrated phytoliths from assorted food plants. Phytolith Systematics - Emerging Issues 1992, 175-192. Plenum Press, New York. G. Rapp, S.C. Mulholland (Eds.).
    • (1992) Phytolith Systematics - Emerging Issues , pp. 175-192
    • Cummings, L.S.1
  • 16
    • 0008513628 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentological and palaeoclimatological investigations of two pelagic ooze cores off Cape Barbas. North-West Africa
    • Diester-Haas L., Schrader H.J., Thiede J. Sedimentological and palaeoclimatological investigations of two pelagic ooze cores off Cape Barbas. North-West Africa. Meteor, Forsche-Ergebnisse C 1973, 16:19-66.
    • (1973) Meteor, Forsche-Ergebnisse C , vol.16 , pp. 19-66
    • Diester-Haas, L.1    Schrader, H.J.2    Thiede, J.3
  • 18
    • 0001448177 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic pathways and the geological distribution of grasses in South West Africa/Namibia
    • Ellis R.P., Vogel J.C., Fuls A. Photosynthetic pathways and the geological distribution of grasses in South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Science 1980, 76:307-314.
    • (1980) South African Journal of Science , vol.76 , pp. 307-314
    • Ellis, R.P.1    Vogel, J.C.2    Fuls, A.3
  • 19
    • 0011705668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoenvironmental and archaeological implications of charcoal assemblages from Holocene sites in western Lesotho, Southern Africa
    • Esterhuysen A.B., Mitchell P.J. Palaeoenvironmental and archaeological implications of charcoal assemblages from Holocene sites in western Lesotho, Southern Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 1997, 24:203-232.
    • (1997) Palaeoecology of Africa , vol.24 , pp. 203-232
    • Esterhuysen, A.B.1    Mitchell, P.J.2
  • 20
    • 60949254935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of charcoal and stable carbon isotope results for the Caledon River Valley, southern Africa, for the period 13500-5000 yr BP
    • Esterhuysen A.B., Smith J.M. A comparison of charcoal and stable carbon isotope results for the Caledon River Valley, southern Africa, for the period 13500-5000 yr BP. South African Archaeological Bulletin 2003, 58:1-5.
    • (2003) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.58 , pp. 1-5
    • Esterhuysen, A.B.1    Smith, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 0028161022 scopus 로고
    • Modern phytolith assemblages from the north American great plains
    • Freudlund G.G., Tiesen L.T. Modern phytolith assemblages from the north American great plains. Journal of Biogeography 1994, 2:321-335.
    • (1994) Journal of Biogeography , vol.2 , pp. 321-335
    • Freudlund, G.G.1    Tiesen, L.T.2
  • 23
    • 0022487702 scopus 로고
    • Significance of different centres of diversity in subfamilies of Poaceae in southern Africa
    • Gibbs Russell G.E. Significance of different centres of diversity in subfamilies of Poaceae in southern Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 1986, 17:183-191.
    • (1986) Palaeoecology of Africa , vol.17 , pp. 183-191
    • Gibbs Russell, G.E.1
  • 24
    • 0033808801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stone-banked lobes and environmental implications, High Drakensberg, southern Africa
    • Grab S. Stone-banked lobes and environmental implications, High Drakensberg, southern Africa. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 2000, 11:177-187.
    • (2000) Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol.11 , pp. 177-187
    • Grab, S.1
  • 25
    • 15944366207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene palaeoenvironments inferred from a sedimentary sequence in the Tsoaing River Basin, western Lesotho
    • Grab S., Scott L., Rossouw L., Meyer S. Holocene palaeoenvironments inferred from a sedimentary sequence in the Tsoaing River Basin, western Lesotho. Catena 2005, 61:49-62.
    • (2005) Catena , vol.61 , pp. 49-62
    • Grab, S.1    Scott, L.2    Rossouw, L.3    Meyer, S.4
  • 27
    • 0025439364 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for the microanalysis of higher plants with particular reference to silicon in cryofixed wheat tissues
    • Hodson M.J., Sangster A.D. Techniques for the microanalysis of higher plants with particular reference to silicon in cryofixed wheat tissues. Scanning Microscopy 1990, 4:407-418.
    • (1990) Scanning Microscopy , vol.4 , pp. 407-418
    • Hodson, M.J.1    Sangster, A.D.2
  • 28
    • 70350172714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silicon, oxygen and carbon isotopes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phytoliths - implications for palaeoecology and archaeology
    • Hodson M.J., Parker A.G., Leng M.J., Sloane H.J. Silicon, oxygen and carbon isotopes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phytoliths - implications for palaeoecology and archaeology. Journal of Quaternary Science 2008, 23:331-339.
    • (2008) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.23 , pp. 331-339
    • Hodson, M.J.1    Parker, A.G.2    Leng, M.J.3    Sloane, H.J.4
  • 31
    • 0037699446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytolith analysis from the archaeological site of Kush, Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
    • Ishida S., Parker A.G., Kennet D., Hodson M.J. Phytolith analysis from the archaeological site of Kush, Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Quaternary Research 2003, 59:310-321.
    • (2003) Quaternary Research , vol.59 , pp. 310-321
    • Ishida, S.1    Parker, A.G.2    Kennet, D.3    Hodson, M.J.4
  • 33
    • 0029475512 scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene Neoglacial episodes in southern South America and southern Africa: a comparison
    • Jerardino A. Late Holocene Neoglacial episodes in southern South America and southern Africa: a comparison. The Holocene 1995, 5:361-368.
    • (1995) The Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 361-368
    • Jerardino, A.1
  • 34
    • 0022195658 scopus 로고
    • An opal phytolith and palynomorph study of extant and fossil soils in Kansas (USA)
    • Kurmann M.H. An opal phytolith and palynomorph study of extant and fossil soils in Kansas (USA). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1985, 49:217-235.
    • (1985) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.49 , pp. 217-235
    • Kurmann, M.H.1
  • 35
    • 11044227799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Glacial and Holocene palaeoclimatology of the Drakensberg of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
    • Lewis C.A. Late Glacial and Holocene palaeoclimatology of the Drakensberg of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Quaternary International 2005, 129:33-48.
    • (2005) Quaternary International , vol.129 , pp. 33-48
    • Lewis, C.A.1
  • 36
    • 43649085913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary climatic changes, and associated human responses, during the last ∼45000yr in the Eastern and adjoining Western Cape, South Africa
    • Lewis C.A. Late Quaternary climatic changes, and associated human responses, during the last ∼45000yr in the Eastern and adjoining Western Cape, South Africa. Earth Science Reviews 2008, 88:167-187.
    • (2008) Earth Science Reviews , vol.88 , pp. 167-187
    • Lewis, C.A.1
  • 37
    • 0018918969 scopus 로고
    • An altitudinal cline in tropical African grass floras and its palaeoecological significance
    • Livingstone D.A., Clayton W.D. An altitudinal cline in tropical African grass floras and its palaeoecological significance. Quaternary Research 1980, 13:392-402.
    • (1980) Quaternary Research , vol.13 , pp. 392-402
    • Livingstone, D.A.1    Clayton, W.D.2
  • 38
    • 0028564092 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary sequences at Sani Top, Lesotho highlands, southern Africa
    • Marker M.E. Sedimentary sequences at Sani Top, Lesotho highlands, southern Africa. The Holocene 1994, 4:406-412.
    • (1994) The Holocene , vol.4 , pp. 406-412
    • Marker, M.E.1
  • 39
    • 0029474812 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary environmental implications from sedimentary sequences at two high altitude Lesotho sites
    • Marker M.E. Late Quaternary environmental implications from sedimentary sequences at two high altitude Lesotho sites. South African Journal of Science 1995, 91:294-298.
    • (1995) South African Journal of Science , vol.91 , pp. 294-298
    • Marker, M.E.1
  • 42
    • 0003012936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoliths in sediments of the Pretoria. Saltpan (Tswaing Crater) and their potential as indicators of the environmental history at the site
    • Council for Geosciences, Pretoria, T.C. Partridge (Ed.)
    • McLean B., Scott L. Phytoliths in sediments of the Pretoria. Saltpan (Tswaing Crater) and their potential as indicators of the environmental history at the site. Tswaing-Investigations into the Origin, Age and Palaeoenvironments of the Pretoria Saltpan 1999, 167-171. Council for Geosciences, Pretoria. T.C. Partridge (Ed.).
    • (1999) Tswaing-Investigations into the Origin, Age and Palaeoenvironments of the Pretoria Saltpan , pp. 167-171
    • McLean, B.1    Scott, L.2
  • 44
    • 0028192232 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter
    • Meyers P.A. Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter. Chemical Geology 1994, 114:289-302.
    • (1994) Chemical Geology , vol.114 , pp. 289-302
    • Meyers, P.A.1
  • 45
    • 11044228018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debris ridges along the southern Drakensberg Escarpment as evidence for Quaternary glaciation in southern Africa
    • Mills S.C., Grab S.W. Debris ridges along the southern Drakensberg Escarpment as evidence for Quaternary glaciation in southern Africa. Quaternary International 2005, 129:61-73.
    • (2005) Quaternary International , vol.129 , pp. 61-73
    • Mills, S.C.1    Grab, S.W.2
  • 46
    • 67049168004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition and palaeoclimatic implications of late Quaternary niche glaciation in eastern Lesotho
    • Mills S.C., Grab S.W., Carr S.J. Recognition and palaeoclimatic implications of late Quaternary niche glaciation in eastern Lesotho. Journal of Quaternary Science 2009, 24:647-663.
    • (2009) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.24 , pp. 647-663
    • Mills, S.C.1    Grab, S.W.2    Carr, S.J.3
  • 47
    • 0037645509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological investigation of an open air site in the Lesotho highlands: preliminary report on the 1995 season at Likoaeng
    • Mitchell P.J., Charles R.L.C. Archaeological investigation of an open air site in the Lesotho highlands: preliminary report on the 1995 season at Likoaeng. Nyame Akuma 1996, 45:40-49.
    • (1996) Nyame Akuma , vol.45 , pp. 40-49
    • Mitchell, P.J.1    Charles, R.L.C.2
  • 48
    • 0037983409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological fieldwork in the Lesotho Highlands, July and August 1998: the second season of excavation and the Likoaeng open-air site
    • Mitchell P.J., Charles R.L.C. Archaeological fieldwork in the Lesotho Highlands, July and August 1998: the second season of excavation and the Likoaeng open-air site. Nyame Akuma 1998, 50:13-21.
    • (1998) Nyame Akuma , vol.50 , pp. 13-21
    • Mitchell, P.J.1    Charles, R.L.C.2
  • 49
    • 63649117718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterning and site occupation at Likoaeng, an open air hunter-gatherer campsite in the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa
    • Mitchell P.J., Plug I., Bailey G.N. Spatial patterning and site occupation at Likoaeng, an open air hunter-gatherer campsite in the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 2006, 16:81-94.
    • (2006) Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association , vol.16 , pp. 81-94
    • Mitchell, P.J.1    Plug, I.2    Bailey, G.N.3
  • 50
    • 78650781408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitchell, P.J., Plug, I., Bailey, G.N., Woodborne, S., 2008. Bringing the Kalahari debate to the mountains: late first millennium AD hunter-gatherer/farmer interaction in highland Lesotho, Before Farming [online version] 2008/2 article 4.
    • Mitchell, P.J., Plug, I., Bailey, G.N., Woodborne, S., 2008. Bringing the Kalahari debate to the mountains: late first millennium AD hunter-gatherer/farmer interaction in highland Lesotho, Before Farming [online version] 2008/2 article 4.
  • 51
    • 77957232422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The flaked stone artefact assemblages from Likoaeng: a late Holocene sequence in the Lesotho Highlands and its regional context
    • Mitchell P.J. The flaked stone artefact assemblages from Likoaeng: a late Holocene sequence in the Lesotho Highlands and its regional context. Southern African Humanities 2009, 21:117-156.
    • (2009) Southern African Humanities , vol.21 , pp. 117-156
    • Mitchell, P.J.1
  • 52
    • 68849107568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary spatio-temporal patterns of snow cover over the Drakensberg
    • Mulder N., Grab S.W. Contemporary spatio-temporal patterns of snow cover over the Drakensberg. South African Journal of Science 2009, 105:228-233.
    • (2009) South African Journal of Science , vol.105 , pp. 228-233
    • Mulder, N.1    Grab, S.W.2
  • 53
    • 0002286847 scopus 로고
    • Phytolith systematics: an introduction
    • Plenum Press, New York, G. Rapp, S.C. Mulholland (Eds.)
    • Mulholland S.C., Rapp Phytolith systematics: an introduction. Phytolith Systematics - Emerging Issues 1992, 65-89. Plenum Press, New York. G. Rapp, S.C. Mulholland (Eds.).
    • (1992) Phytolith Systematics - Emerging Issues , pp. 65-89
    • Mulholland, S.C.1    Rapp2
  • 56
    • 33745952271 scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope fractionation in plants
    • O'Leary M.H. Carbon isotope fractionation in plants. Phytochemistry Review 1981, 20:553-567.
    • (1981) Phytochemistry Review , vol.20 , pp. 553-567
    • O'Leary, M.H.1
  • 57
    • 0001552846 scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis
    • O'Leary M.H. Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis. BioScience 1988, 38:328-336.
    • (1988) BioScience , vol.38 , pp. 328-336
    • O'Leary, M.H.1
  • 58
    • 12744272166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Rub' al-Khali desert, Arabian Peninsula: a pollen, phytolith and carbon isotope study
    • Parker A.G., Eckersley L., Smith M.M., Goudie A.S., Stokes S., White K., Hodson M.J. Holocene vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Rub' al-Khali desert, Arabian Peninsula: a pollen, phytolith and carbon isotope study. Journal of Quaternary Science 2004, 19:665-676.
    • (2004) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.19 , pp. 665-676
    • Parker, A.G.1    Eckersley, L.2    Smith, M.M.3    Goudie, A.S.4    Stokes, S.5    White, K.6    Hodson, M.J.7
  • 59
    • 78650790535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoliths as indicators of grassland dynamics during the Holocene from lake sediments in the Ubari sand sea, Fazzan Basin, Libya
    • Parker A.G, Harris B., Drake N., White K.H. Phytoliths as indicators of grassland dynamics during the Holocene from lake sediments in the Ubari sand sea, Fazzan Basin, Libya. Libyan Studies 2008, 39:29-40.
    • (2008) Libyan Studies , vol.39 , pp. 29-40
    • Parker, A.G.1    Harris, B.2    Drake, N.3    White, K.H.4
  • 62
    • 0031467194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene and Holocene hunter-gatherers in the eastern highlands of South Africa and Lesotho: a faunal interpretation
    • Plug I. Late Pleistocene and Holocene hunter-gatherers in the eastern highlands of South Africa and Lesotho: a faunal interpretation. Journal of Archaeological Science 1997, 24:715-727.
    • (1997) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.24 , pp. 715-727
    • Plug, I.1
  • 63
    • 0037596805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal remains from Likoaeng: a post-classic Wilton open air fishing campsite on the Senqu River Lesotho
    • Plug I., Mitchell P.J., Bailey G.N. Animal remains from Likoaeng: a post-classic Wilton open air fishing campsite on the Senqu River Lesotho. South African Journal of Science 2003, 99:143-152.
    • (2003) South African Journal of Science , vol.99 , pp. 143-152
    • Plug, I.1    Mitchell, P.J.2    Bailey, G.N.3
  • 64
    • 0000164237 scopus 로고
    • Phytolith evidence for early cereal exploitation in the Levant
    • MASCA, Ann Arbor, Michigan, D.M. Pearsall, D.R. Piperno (Eds.)
    • Rosen A.M. Phytolith evidence for early cereal exploitation in the Levant. Current Research in Phytolith Analysis: Applications in Archaeology and Paleoecology 1993, 160-171. MASCA, Ann Arbor, Michigan. D.M. Pearsall, D.R. Piperno (Eds.).
    • (1993) Current Research in Phytolith Analysis: Applications in Archaeology and Paleoecology , pp. 160-171
    • Rosen, A.M.1
  • 65
    • 0008788192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimatic and archaeological implications of organic-rich sediments at Tiffindell Ski Resort, near Rhodes, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    • Rosen D.Z., Lewis C.A., Illgner P.M. Palaeoclimatic and archaeological implications of organic-rich sediments at Tiffindell Ski Resort, near Rhodes, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 1999, 54:311-321.
    • (1999) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , vol.54 , pp. 311-321
    • Rosen, D.Z.1    Lewis, C.A.2    Illgner, P.M.3
  • 66
    • 0032846194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opal phytolith inventory of soils in Central Africa - quantities, shapes, classification, and spectra
    • Runge F. The opal phytolith inventory of soils in Central Africa - quantities, shapes, classification, and spectra. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1999, 107:23-53.
    • (1999) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.107 , pp. 23-53
    • Runge, F.1
  • 67
    • 0010784028 scopus 로고
    • Some factors in relation to bulliform cell silicification in the grass leaf
    • Sangster A.G., Parry D.W. Some factors in relation to bulliform cell silicification in the grass leaf. Annals of Botany 1969, 33:315-323.
    • (1969) Annals of Botany , vol.33 , pp. 315-323
    • Sangster, A.G.1    Parry, D.W.2
  • 68
    • 1642436445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna Biome, Limpopo Province, South Africa
    • Scott L., Holmgren K., Talma A.S., Woodborne S., Vogel J.C. Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna Biome, Limpopo Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 2003, 99:484-488.
    • (2003) South African Journal of Science , vol.99 , pp. 484-488
    • Scott, L.1    Holmgren, K.2    Talma, A.S.3    Woodborne, S.4    Vogel, J.C.5
  • 69
    • 0002613660 scopus 로고
    • Climatic indices and classification in relation to the biogeography of southern Africa
    • The Hague, Junk, M.J.A. Werger (Ed.)
    • Schulze R.E., McGee O.S. Climatic indices and classification in relation to the biogeography of southern Africa. Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa 1978, 19-52. The Hague, Junk. M.J.A. Werger (Ed.).
    • (1978) Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa , pp. 19-52
    • Schulze, R.E.1    McGee, O.S.2
  • 70
    • 78650774682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopeanalysis of fauna and soils from sites in the eastern Free State and western Lesotho, southern Africa: a palaeoenvironmental interpretation, Unpublished MSc. Thesis, University of Cape Town.
    • Smith, J., 1997. Stable isotopeanalysis of fauna and soils from sites in the eastern Free State and western Lesotho, southern Africa: a palaeoenvironmental interpretation, Unpublished MSc. Thesis, University of Cape Town.
    • (1997)
    • Smith, J.1
  • 72
    • 0036812285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic evidence for late Pleistocene to middle Holocene climatic fluctuations in the interior of southern Africa
    • Smith J.M., Lee-Thorp J.A., Sealy J.C. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic evidence for late Pleistocene to middle Holocene climatic fluctuations in the interior of southern Africa. Journal of Quaternary Science 2002, 17:683-695.
    • (2002) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.17 , pp. 683-695
    • Smith, J.M.1    Lee-Thorp, J.A.2    Sealy, J.C.3
  • 74
    • 0026439045 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary palaeotemperatures derived from a speleothem from Cango Caves, Cape Province, South Africa
    • Talma A.S., Vogel J.C. Late Quaternary palaeotemperatures derived from a speleothem from Cango Caves, Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary Research 1992, 37:203-213.
    • (1992) Quaternary Research , vol.37 , pp. 203-213
    • Talma, A.S.1    Vogel, J.C.2
  • 76
    • 0028145050 scopus 로고
    • A method for isolating and preparing silica bodies in grasses for scanning electron microscopy
    • Theunissen J.D. A method for isolating and preparing silica bodies in grasses for scanning electron microscopy. Biotechnic and Histochemistry 1994, 69:291-294.
    • (1994) Biotechnic and Histochemistry , vol.69 , pp. 291-294
    • Theunissen, J.D.1
  • 77
    • 34250266842 scopus 로고
    • 4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along an altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya
    • 4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along an altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya. Oecologia 1979, 37:337-350.
    • (1979) Oecologia , vol.37 , pp. 337-350
    • Tieszen, L.L.1    Senyimba, M.M.2    Imbamba, S.K.3    Troughton, J.H.4
  • 78
    • 0345366190 scopus 로고
    • Grass-opal phytoliths as climatic indicators of the Great Plains Pleistocene
    • Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook
    • Twiss P.C. Grass-opal phytoliths as climatic indicators of the Great Plains Pleistocene. Quaternary Environments in Kansas 1987, vol. 5:179-188. Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook.
    • (1987) Quaternary Environments in Kansas , vol.5 , pp. 179-188
    • Twiss, P.C.1
  • 80
    • 0001049158 scopus 로고
    • The geographical distribution of Kranz grasses in South Africa
    • Vogel J.C., Fuls A., Ellis R.P. The geographical distribution of Kranz grasses in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 1978, 74:209-215.
    • (1978) South African Journal of Science , vol.74 , pp. 209-215
    • Vogel, J.C.1    Fuls, A.2    Ellis, R.P.3
  • 82
    • 0028980299 scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation
    • Wedin D.A., Tieszen L.L., Dewey B., Pastor J. Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 1995, 76:1383-1392.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1383-1392
    • Wedin, D.A.1    Tieszen, L.L.2    Dewey, B.3    Pastor, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.