Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation of infarction and its relationship with functional outcome and stroke subtype: Assessment from the tinzaparin in acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial

Stroke

Volumn 41, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 2834-2839

  England, Timothy J ^a   Bath, Philip M W ^a   Sare, Gillian M ^a   Geeganage, Chamila ^a   Moulin, Thierry ^b   O'Neill, Desmond ^c   Woimant, France ^d   Christensen, Hanne ^e   De Deyn, Peter ^f   Leys, Didier ^g   Ringelstein, E Bernd ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

^c ADELAIDE AND MEATH HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^d HÔPITAL LARIBOISIÈRE   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^g LILLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

aspirin; cerebral infarct; functional recovery; hemorrhagic transformation; heparin

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; TINZAPARIN;

AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BARTHEL INDEX; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG MEGADOSE; EMBOLISM; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANKIN SCALE; SEX; STROKE PATIENT;

AGED; ANTICOAGULANTS; ASPIRIN; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEPARIN, LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; RISK FACTORS; STROKE; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 78650418065     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573063     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Kerenyi L, Kardos L, Szasz J, Szatmari S, Bereczki D, Hegedus K, Csiba L. Factors influencing hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: a clinicopathological comparison. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:1251-1255.
2. Lindley RI, Wardlaw JM, Sandercock P, Rimdusid P, Lewis SC, Signorini DF, Ricci S. Frequency and risk factors for spontaneous hem-orrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;13:235-246.
3. Anonymous. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Stroke. 1997;28: 2109-2118.
4. Fiorelli M, Bastianello S, von Kummer R, del Zoppo GJ, Larrue V, Lesaffre E, Ringleb AP, Lorenzano S, Manelfe C, Bozzao L; ECASS I Study Group. Hemorragic transformation within 36 hours of a cerebral infarct. Relationships with early clinical deterioration and 3-month outcome in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study I (ECASS I) cohort. Stroke. 1999;30:2280-2284.
5. Berger C, Fiorelli M, Steiner T, Schabitz WR, Bozzao L, Bluhmki E, Hacke W, Kummer RV. Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic brain tissue. Stroke. 2001;32:1330-1335.
6. Gubitz G, Counsell C, Sandercock P. Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;3:CD000024.
7. Kimura K, Iguchi Y, Shibazaki K, Aoki J, Terasawa Y. Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic brain tissue after t-PA thrombolysis as detected by MRI may be asymptomatic, but impair neurological recovery. J Neurol Sci. 2008;272:136-142.
8. Dzialowski I, Pexman JH, Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Buchan AM, Hill MD, CASES Investigators. Asymptomatic hemorrhage after thrombolysis may not be benign: prognosis by hemorrhage type in the Canadian alteplase for stroke effectiveness study registry. Stroke. 2007;38:75-79.
9. Bath PM, Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, De Deyn P, Friis P, Leys D, Marttila R, Olsson J, O'Neill D, Orgogozo J, Ringelstein B, Van Der Sande J, Turpie AG. Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke (TAIST): a randomised aspirin-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;358:702-710.
10. Sims JR, Gharai LR, Schaefer PW, Vangel M, Rosenthal ES, Lev MH, Schwamm LH. ABC/2 for rapid clinical estimate of infarct, perfusion, and mismatch volumes. Neurology. 2009;72:2104-2110.
11. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991;337:1521-1526.
12. Adams Jr. HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE III. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24:35-41.
13. Rankin J. Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. 2. Prognosis. Scot Med J. 1957;2:200-215.
14. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;61-65.
15. Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, Christiansen LW, Rogvi Hansen B, Nielsen PW. Reliability of Scandinavian neurological stroke scale. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1991;1:103-107.
16. Kidwell CS, Chalela JA, Saver JL, Starkman S, Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Butman JA, Patronas N, Alger JR, Latour LL, Luby ML, Baird AE, Leary MC, Tremwel M, Ovbiagele B, Fredieu A, Suzuki S, Villablanca JP, Davis S, Dunn B, Todd JW, Ezzeddine MA, Haymore J, Lynch JK, Davis L, Warach S. Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intra-cerebral hemorrhage. J Am Med Assoc. 2004;292:1823-1830.
17. Mayer TE, Schulte-Altedorneburg G, Droste DW, Bruckmann H. Serial CT and MRI of ischemic cerebral infarcts: frequency and clinical impact of hemorrhagic transformation. Neuroradiology. 2000;42:233-239.
18. Skriver EB, Olsen TS. Transient disappearance of cerebral infarcts on CT scan, the so-called fogging effect. Neuroradiology. 1981;22:61-65.
19. Hacke W, Albers G, Al-Rawi Y, Bogousslavsky J, Davalos A, Eliasziw M, Fischer M, Furlan A, Kaste M, Lees KR, Soehngen M, Warach S; DIAS Study Group. The Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (DIAS): a phase II MRI-based 9-hour window acute stroke thrombolysis trial with intravenous desmoteplase. Stroke. 2005;36:66-73.
20. Jaillard A, Cornu C, Durieux A, Moulin T, Boutitie F, Lees KR, Hommel M. Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. The MAST-E study. MAST-E Group. Stroke. 1999;30:1326-1332.
21. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C. Intravenous thrombolysis with recom-binant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. J Am Med Assoc. 1995;274:1017-1025.
22. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, von Kummer R, Davalos A, Meier D, Larrue V, Bluhmki E, Davis S, Donnan G, Schneider D, Diez-Tejedor E, Trouillas P. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet. 1998;352:1245-1251.
23. Anonymous. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19 435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1997;349:1569-1581.
24. The Publications Committee for the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Investigators. Low molecular weight heparinoid, ORG 10172 (danaparoid), and outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc. 1998;279:1265-1272.
25. Alexandrov AV, Black SE, Ehrlich LE, Caldwell CB, Norris JW. Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation occurring spontaneously and on anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997;28: 1198-1202.
26. Moulin T, Crepin-Leblond T, Chopard JL, Bogousslavsky J. Hemor-rhagic infarcts. Eur Neurol. 1994;34:64-77.
27. Libman R, Kwiakowski T, Lyden P, Grotta JC, Tilley BC, Fagen SC, Levine SR, Broderick JP, Lin Y, Lewandowski C, Frankel MR. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction does not worsen long-term outcome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;14:50-54.
28. Sare GM, Bath PM, Gray LJ, Moulin T, Woimant F, England T, Gee-ganage C, Christensen H, De Deyn PP, Leys D, O'Neill D, Ringelstein EB. The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST). Stroke. 2009;40:41-46.
29. ENOS Trial Investigators. Glyceryl trinitrate vs control, and continuing vs Stopping temporarily prior antihypertensive therapy, in acute stroke: rationale and design of the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial (ISRC TN99414122). Int J Stroke. 2006;1:245-249.
30. Celik Y, Utku U, Asil T, Balci K. Factors affecting hemorrhagic transformation in middle cerebral artery infarctions. J Clin Neurosci. 2004; 11:656-658.
31. Lees KR, Walters MR. Acute stroke and diabetes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20(suppl 1):9-14.
32. Gray CS, Hildreth AJ, Sandercock PA, O'Connell JE, Johnston DE, Cartlidge NE, Bamford JM, James OF, Alberti KG. Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK glucose insulin in stroke trial (GIST-UK). Lancet Neurol. 2007;6: 397-406.
33. Perera V, Bajorek BV, Matthews S, Hilmer SN. The impact of frailty on the utilization of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with atrial fibrillation. Age Ageing. 2009;38:156-162.
34. Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA, Ershler WB, Harris T, Fried LP. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:991-1001.