메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 25-33

Pharmacological treatment of hyperthyroidism during lactation: review of the literature and novel data

Author keywords

Antithyroid drugs; Breastfeeding; Carbimazole; Hyperthyroidism; Lactation; Methimazole; Pregnancy; Propylthiouracil

Indexed keywords

ANTITHYROID AGENT; CARBIMAZOLE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; THIAMAZOLE; THIOURACIL; THIOUREA;

EID: 78650274525     PISSN: 15654753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (85)
  • 3
    • 3242888686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States
    • Chen A, Rogan WJ. Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States. Pediatrics 2004;113:e435-e439
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113
    • Chen, A.1    Rogan, W.J.2
  • 4
    • 33846884181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the evidence to support current recommendations to meet the needs of premature infants: The role of human milk
    • Schanler RJ. Evaluation of the evidence to support current recommendations to meet the needs of premature infants: the role of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:625S-628S
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.85
    • Schanler, R.J.1
  • 6
    • 27744461300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast feeding and the risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases in the child
    • DOI 10.1089/met.2005.3.222
    • Plagemann A, Harder T. Breast feeding and the risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases in the child. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2005;3:222-232 (Pubitemid 41601240)
    • (2005) Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 222-232
    • Plagemann, A.1    Harder, T.2
  • 10
    • 0029892208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone turnover and density in healthy women during breastfeeding and after weaning
    • Lopez JM, Gonzalez G, Reyes V, Campino C, Diaz S. Bone turnover and density in healthy women during breastfeeding and after weaning. Osteoporos Int 1996;6:153-159
    • (1996) Osteoporos Int , vol.6 , pp. 153-159
    • Lopez, J.M.1    Gonzalez, G.2    Reyes, V.3    Campino, C.4    Diaz, S.5
  • 12
    • 0003794025 scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine, Committee on Nutritional Status during Pregnancy and Lactation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 161-171, 197-200
    • Institute of Medicine, Committee on Nutritional Status during Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrition during lactation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1991:24-25, 161-171, 197-200
    • (1991) Nutrition during Lactation , pp. 24-25
  • 13
    • 19944419763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position of the American Dietetic Association: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding
    • American Dietetic Association
    • James DC, Dobson B; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: promoting and supporting breastfeeding. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:810-818
    • (2005) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.105 , pp. 810-818
    • James, D.C.1    Dobson, B.2
  • 14
    • 75149113080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings
    • Dyson L, Renfrew MJ, McFadden A, McCormick F, Herbert G, Thomas J. Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings. Public Health Nutr 2010;13:137-144
    • (2010) Public Health Nutr , vol.13 , pp. 137-144
    • Dyson, L.1    Renfrew, M.J.2    McFadden, A.3    McCormick, F.4    Herbert, G.5    Thomas, J.6
  • 17
    • 0034644035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug therapy for breast-feeding women
    • Ito S. Drug therapy for breast-feeding women. N Engl J Med 2000;343:118
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 118
    • Ito, S.1
  • 18
    • 0000361991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: Diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis
    • Amino N, Tada H, Hidaka Y. The spectrum of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis. Endocr Pract 1996;2:406-410
    • (1996) Endocr Pract , vol.2 , pp. 406-410
    • Amino, N.1    Tada, H.2    Hidaka, Y.3
  • 19
    • 29244468872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of Graves' disease after pregnancy
    • Benhaim Rochester D, Davies TF. Increased risk of Graves' disease after pregnancy. Thyroid 2005;15:1287-1290
    • (2005) Thyroid , vol.15 , pp. 1287-1290
    • Benhaim Rochester, D.1    Davies, T.F.2
  • 23
    • 0023945111 scopus 로고
    • Drugs in human milk. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations
    • Atkinson HC, Begg EJ, Darlow BA. Drugs in human milk. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmakokinet 1988;14:217-240
    • (1988) Clin Pharmakokinet , vol.14 , pp. 217-240
    • Atkinson, H.C.1    Begg, E.J.2    Darlow, B.A.3
  • 24
    • 0035193166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between cimatidine, nitrofurantoin and probenecid active transport into rat milk
    • Gerk PM, Oo CY, Paxton EW, Moscow JA, McNamara PJ. Interactions between cimatidine, nitrofurantoin and probenecid active transport into rat milk. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;296:175-180
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.296 , pp. 175-180
    • Gerk, P.M.1    Oo, C.Y.2    Paxton, E.W.3    Moscow, J.A.4    McNamara, P.J.5
  • 26
    • 0033192724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding and maternal medication use
    • Auerbach KG. Breastfeeding and maternal medication use. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28:554-563
    • (1999) J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs , vol.28 , pp. 554-563
    • Auerbach, K.G.1
  • 27
    • 0024009835 scopus 로고
    • Principles of drug biodispodition in the neonate; a critical evaluation of the pharmacokineticpharmakodynamic interface
    • Besunder JB, Reed MD, Blumer JL. Principles of drug biodispodition in the neonate; a critical evaluation of the pharmacokineticpharmakodynamic interface. Clin Pharmakokinet 1988;14:261-286
    • (1988) Clin Pharmakokinet , vol.14 , pp. 261-286
    • Besunder, J.B.1    Reed, M.D.2    Blumer, J.L.3
  • 28
    • 0026539334 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of a model for the prediction of milk: Plasma drug concentrations from physicochemical characteristics
    • Begg EJ, Atkinson HC, Duffull SB. Prospective evaluation of a model for the prediction of milk: plasma drug concentrations from physicochemical characteristics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33:501-505
    • (1992) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.33 , pp. 501-505
    • Begg, E.J.1    Atkinson, H.C.2    Duffull, S.B.3
  • 29
    • 0023840337 scopus 로고
    • In vivo evaluation in the lactating rabbit of a model for xenobiotic distribution into breastmilk
    • Fleishaker JC, McNamara PJ. In vivo evaluation in the lactating rabbit of a model for xenobiotic distribution into breastmilk. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;244:919-924
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.244 , pp. 919-924
    • Fleishaker, J.C.1    McNamara, P.J.2
  • 30
    • 0028849303 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro technique for the rapid determination of drug entry into breast milk
    • Notarianni LJ, Belk D, Aird SA, Bennett PN. An in vitro technique for the rapid determination of drug entry into breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:333-337
    • (1995) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 333-337
    • Notarianni, L.J.1    Belk, D.2    Aird, S.A.3    Bennett, P.N.4
  • 31
    • 0027966014 scopus 로고
    • A novel index for expressing exposure of the infant to drugs in breast milk
    • Ito S, Koren G. A novel index for expressing exposure of the infant to drug in breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;38:99-102 (Pubitemid 24247749)
    • (1994) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-102
    • Ito, S.1    Koren, G.2
  • 33
    • 0041883570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid drugs in the management of patients with Graves' disease: An evidence-based approach to therapeutic controversies
    • Cooper DS. Antithyroid drugs in the management of patients with Graves' disease: an evidence-based approach to therapeutic controversies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:3474-3481
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3474-3481
    • Cooper, D.S.1
  • 34
    • 14544296973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid drugs
    • Cooper DS. Antithyroid drugs. N Engl J Med 2005;352:905-917
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 905-917
    • Cooper, D.S.1
  • 39
    • 0018875698 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole and methimazole, in hyperthyroid patients
    • Skellern GG, Knight BI, Low CK, Alexander WD, McLarty DG, Kalk WJ. The pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole and methimazole, in hyperthyroid patients. J Clin Pharmac 1980;9:137-143 (Pubitemid 10183134)
    • (1980) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-143
    • Skellern, G.G.1    Knight, B.I.2    Low, C.K.L.3
  • 40
    • 0020613622 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil in children and adolescents with Graves' disease after a single oral dose
    • (New York)
    • Okuno A, Taguchi T, Inyaku F, Yano K, Suzuki Y. Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil in children and adolescents with Graves' disease after a single oral dose. Pediatr Pharmacol (New York) 1983;3:43-47
    • (1983) Pediatr Pharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 43-47
    • Okuno, A.1    Taguchi, T.2    Inyaku, F.3    Yano, K.4    Suzuki, Y.5
  • 42
    • 74849106088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid drugs used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism during breastfeeding: An update and new perspectives
    • (Athens)
    • Karras S, Tzotzas T, Krassas GE. Antithyroid drugs used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism during breastfeeding: an update and new perspectives. Hormones (Athens) 2009;8:254-257
    • (2009) Hormones , vol.8 , pp. 254-257
    • Karras, S.1    Tzotzas, T.2    Krassas, G.E.3
  • 43
    • 0001410162 scopus 로고
    • Thiouracil. Its absorption, distribution, and excretion
    • Williams RH, Kay GA, Jandorf BJ. Thiouracil. Its absorption, distribution, and excretion. J Clin Invest 1944;23:613-627
    • (1944) J Clin Invest , vol.23 , pp. 613-627
    • Williams, R.H.1    Kay, G.A.2    Jandorf, B.J.3
  • 44
    • 78650276231 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the absorption, apparent volume of distribution and excretion of thiourea
    • Chesley LC. Observations on the absorption, apparent volume of distribution and excretion of thiourea. J Biol Clin 1944;23:856-858
    • (1944) J Biol Clin , vol.23 , pp. 856-858
    • Chesley, L.C.1
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0018638047 scopus 로고
    • Excretion of carbimazole and propylthiouracil in breast milk
    • Low LC, Lang J, Alexander WD. Excretion of carbimazole and propylthiouracil in breast milk. Lancet 1979;2:1011
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1011
    • Low, L.C.1    Lang, J.2    Alexander, W.D.3
  • 48
    • 0021355305 scopus 로고
    • Methimazole pharmacology in man: Studies using a newly developed radioimmunoassay for methimazole
    • Cooper DS, Bode HH, Nath B, Saxe V, Maloof F, Ridgway EC. Methimazole pharmacology in man: studies using a newly developed radioimmunoassay for methimazole. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;58:473-479 (Pubitemid 14166153)
    • (1984) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 473-479
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Bode, H.H.2    Nath, B.3
  • 49
    • 0021271225 scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism during lactation
    • Lamberg BA, Ikonen E, Osterlund K, Teramo K, Pekonen F, Peltola J, Välimäki M. Antithyroid treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism during lactation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1984;21:81-87 (Pubitemid 14086221)
    • (1984) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-87
    • Lamberg, B.-A.1    Ikonen, E.2    Osterlund, K.3
  • 50
    • 0024464599 scopus 로고
    • Recovery from foetal hypothyroidism: Evidence for the safety of breast-feeding while taking propylthiouracil
    • (Oxf)
    • Momotani N, Yamashita R, Yoshimoto M, Noh J, Ishikawa N, Ito K. Recovery from foetal hypothyroidism: evidence for the safety of breast-feeding while taking propylthiouracil. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1989;31:591-595
    • (1989) Clin Endocrinol , vol.31 , pp. 591-595
    • Momotani, N.1    Yamashita, R.2    Yoshimoto, M.3    Noh, J.4    Ishikawa, N.5    Ito, K.6
  • 51
    • 0033880883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in wholly breast-feeding infants whose mothers take high doses of propylthiouracil
    • (Oxf)
    • Momotani N, Yamashita R, Makino F, Noh JY, Ishikawa N, Ito K. Thyroid function in wholly breast-feeding infants whose mothers take high doses of propylthiouracil. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;53:177-181
    • (2000) Clin Endocrinol , vol.53 , pp. 177-181
    • Momotani, N.1    Yamashita, R.2    Makino, F.3    Noh, J.Y.4    Ishikawa, N.5    Ito, K.6
  • 52
    • 0022588938 scopus 로고
    • Should a woman taking propylthiouracil breast-feed?
    • McDougall IR, Bayer MF. Should a woman taking propylthiouracil breast-feed? Clin Nucl Med 1986;11:249-250
    • (1986) Clin Nucl Med , vol.11 , pp. 249-250
    • McDougall, I.R.1    Bayer, M.F.2
  • 53
    • 0023388425 scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid drugs: To breast-feed or not to breast-feed
    • Cooper DS. Antithyroid drugs: to breast-feed or not to breast-feed. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:234-235
    • (1987) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.157 , pp. 234-235
    • Cooper, D.S.1
  • 54
    • 0023205795 scopus 로고
    • Propylthiouracil and breast-feeding
    • Goldman JM. Propylthiouracil and breast-feeding. CMAJ 1987;137:701-702
    • (1987) CMAJ , vol.137 , pp. 701-702
    • Goldman, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 0024762093 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1989;84:924-936
    • (1989) Pediatrics , vol.84 , pp. 924-936
  • 56
    • 0033946079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of breastfeeding and physicians' advice: A cohort study of women receiving propylthiouracil
    • Lee A, Moretti ME, Collantes A, Chong D, Mazzotta P, Koren G, Merchant SS, Ito S. Choice of breastfeeding and physicians' advice: a cohort study of women receiving propylthiouracil. Pediatrics 2000;106(Pt 1):27-30
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.106 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 27-30
    • Lee, A.1    Moretti, M.E.2    Collantes, A.3    Chong, D.4    Mazzotta, P.5    Koren, G.6    Merchant, S.S.7    Ito, S.8
  • 58
    • 0029929740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of methimazole treatment of maternal thyrotoxicosis on thyroid function in breast-feeding infants
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70342-6
    • Azizi F. Effect of methimazole treatment of maternal thyrotoxicosis on thyroid function in breast-feeding infants. J Pediatr 1996;128:855-858 (Pubitemid 26181387)
    • (1996) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.128 , Issue.6 , pp. 855-858
    • Azizi, F.1
  • 59
    • 0035987926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in breast-fed infants whose mothers take high doses of methimazole
    • Azizi F, Hedayati M. Thyroid function in breast-fed infants whose mothers take high doses of methimazole. J Endocrinol Invest 2002;25:493-496
    • (2002) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.25 , pp. 493-496
    • Azizi, F.1    Hedayati, M.2
  • 60
    • 0037831010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in breast-fed infants is not affected by methimazole-induced maternal hypothyroidism: Results of a retrospective study
    • Azizi F. Thyroid function in breast-fed infants is not affected by methimazole-induced maternal hypothyroidism: results of a retrospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;26:301-304
    • (2003) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.26 , pp. 301-304
    • Azizi, F.1
  • 61
    • 34447544237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of thyroid function and urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations in healthy newborns and their mothers in Tehran
    • (Oxf)
    • Ordookhani A, Pearce EN, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Salimi S, Azizi F, Braverman LE. Assessment of thyroid function and urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations in healthy newborns and their mothers in Tehran. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;67:175-179
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol , vol.67 , pp. 175-179
    • Ordookhani, A.1    Pearce, E.N.2    Hedayati, M.3    Mirmiran, P.4    Salimi, S.5    Azizi, F.6    Braverman, L.E.7
  • 62
    • 0033678693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and intellectual development of infants nursed by mothers taking methimazole
    • Azizi F, Khoshniat M, Bahrainian M, Hedayati M. Thyroid function and intellectual development of infants nursed by mothers taking methimazole. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3233-3238
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 3233-3238
    • Azizi, F.1    Khoshniat, M.2    Bahrainian, M.3    Hedayati, M.4
  • 63
    • 0346252501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual development and thyroid function in children who were breast-fed by thyrotoxic mothers taking methimazole
    • Azizi F, Bahrainian M, Khamseh ME, Khoshniat M. Intellectual development and thyroid function in children who were breast-fed by thyrotoxic mothers taking methimazole. Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003;16:1239-1243
    • (2003) Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.16 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Azizi, F.1    Bahrainian, M.2    Khamseh, M.E.3    Khoshniat, M.4
  • 64
    • 1542505460 scopus 로고
    • Toxic manifestations of thiouracil therapy
    • Moore FD. Toxic manifestations of thiouracil therapy. JAMA 1946;130:315-319
    • (1946) JAMA , vol.130 , pp. 315-319
    • Moore, F.D.1
  • 65
    • 0028953066 scopus 로고
    • Severe cholestatic jaundice in uncomplicated hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole
    • Arab DM, Malatjalian DA, Rittmaster RS. Severe cholestatic jaundice in uncomplicated hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1083-1085
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 1083-1085
    • Arab, D.M.1    Malatjalian, D.A.2    Rittmaster, R.S.3
  • 66
    • 0031159541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: What have we learned?
    • Williams KV, Nayak S, Becker D, Reyes J, Burmeister LA. Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: what have we learned? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1727-1733
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 1727-1733
    • Williams, K.V.1    Nayak, S.2    Becker, D.3    Reyes, J.4    Burmeister, L.A.5
  • 68
    • 0027416354 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic injury during propylthiouracil therapy in patients with hyperthyroidism. A cohort study
    • Liaw YF, Huang MJ, Fan KD, Li KL, Wu SS, Chen TJ. Hepatic injury during propylthiouracil therapy in patients with hyperthyroidism. A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:424-428
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 424-428
    • Liaw, Y.F.1    Huang, M.J.2    Fan, K.D.3    Li, K.L.4    Wu, S.S.5    Chen, T.J.6
  • 69
    • 0035133299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and clinical characteristics of symptomatic propylthiouracil-induced hepatic injury in patients with hyperthyroidism: A single-center retrospective study
    • Kim HJ, Kim BH, Han YS, Yang I, Kim KJ, Dong SH, Kim HJ, Chang YW, Lee JI, Chang R. The incidence and clinical characteristics of symptomatic propylthiouracil-induced hepatic injury in patients with hyperthyroidism: a single-center retrospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:165-169
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , pp. 165-169
    • Kim, H.J.1    Kim, B.H.2    Han, Y.S.3    Yang, I.4    Kim, K.J.5    Dong, S.H.6    Kim, H.J.7    Chang, Y.W.8    Lee, J.I.9    Chang, R.10
  • 70
    • 16644391251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical characteristics of symptomatic propylthiouracil-induced hepatic injury in patients with hyperthyroidism
    • Lian XL, Bai Y, Dai WX, Jin ZM, Zeng ZP, Guo ZS. The clinical characteristics of symptomatic propylthiouracil-induced hepatic injury in patients with hyperthyroidism. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2004;43:442-446
    • (2004) Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi , vol.43 , pp. 442-446
    • Lian, X.L.1    Bai, Y.2    Dai, W.X.3    Jin, Z.M.4    Zeng, Z.P.5    Guo, Z.S.6
  • 71
    • 78650294522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic toxicity following treatment for pediatric Graves' disease
    • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Hepatic toxicity following treatment for pediatric Graves' disease. Minutes of October 28, 2008 meeting
    • Minutes of October 28, 2008 Meeting
  • 72
    • 64349088925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ending propylthiouracil-induced liver failure in children
    • Rivkees SA, Mattison DR. Ending propylthiouracil-induced liver failure in children. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1574-1575
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1574-1575
    • Rivkees, S.A.1    Mattison, D.R.2
  • 73
    • 77954985916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced liver failure and recommendations for the discontinuation of PTU use in children
    • Rivkees SA, Mattison DR. Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced liver failure and recommendations for the discontinuation of PTU use in children. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2009;2009:132041
    • (2009) Int J Pediatr Endocrinol , vol.2009 , pp. 132041
    • Rivkees, S.A.1    Mattison, D.R.2
  • 74
  • 75
    • 77958172756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and human reproductive health
    • Jun 23 [epub ahead of print]
    • Krassas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D. Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev 2010 Jun 23 [epub ahead of print]
    • (2010) Endocr Rev
    • Krassas, G.E.1    Poppe, K.2    Glinoer, D.3
  • 77
    • 77954893941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissimilar hepatoxicity profiles of propylthiouracil and methimazole on children
    • Rivkees SA, Szarfmann A. Dissimilar hepatoxicity profiles of propylthiouracil and methimazole on children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:3260-3267
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 3260-3267
    • Rivkees, S.A.1    Szarfmann, A.2
  • 78
    • 0033843770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas ligand expression in thyroid follicular cells from patients with thionamide-treated Graves' disease
    • Mitsiades N, Poulaki V, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Chrousos GP, Koutras DA. Fas ligand expression in thyroid follicular cells from patients with thionamide-treated Graves' disease. Thyroid 2000;10:527-532 (Pubitemid 30670612)
    • (2000) Thyroid , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 527-532
    • Mitsiades, N.1    Poulaki, V.2    Tseleni-Balafouta, S.3    Chrousos, G.P.4    Koutras, D.A.5
  • 80
    • 2942729571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propylthiouracil and carbimazole associated-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Graves' disease
    • (Oxf)
    • Harper L, Chin L, Daykin J, Allahabadia A, Heward J, Gough SC, Savage CO, Franklyn JA. Propylthiouracil and carbimazole associated-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004;60:671-675
    • (2004) Clin Endocrinol , vol.60 , pp. 671-675
    • Harper, L.1    Chin, L.2    Daykin, J.3    Allahabadia, A.4    Heward, J.5    Gough, S.C.6    Savage, C.O.7    Franklyn, J.A.8
  • 81
    • 52949097685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcomes of patients with propylthiouracil-induced anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibody-associated vasculitis
    • (Oxf)
    • Gao Y, Chen M, Ye H, Yu F, Guo XH, Zhao MH. Long-term outcomes of patients with propylthiouracil-induced anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibody-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2008;47:1515-1520
    • (2008) Rheumatology , vol.47 , pp. 1515-1520
    • Gao, Y.1    Chen, M.2    Ye, H.3    Yu, F.4    Guo, X.H.5    Zhao, M.H.6
  • 82
    • 0034527641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in childhood onset Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil
    • Sato H, Hattori M, Fujieda M, Sugihara S, Inomata H, Hoshi M, Miyamoto S. High prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in childhood onset Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4270-4273
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4270-4273
    • Sato, H.1    Hattori, M.2    Fujieda, M.3    Sugihara, S.4    Inomata, H.5    Hoshi, M.6    Miyamoto, S.7
  • 83


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.