Separation and identification of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds in biooil derived by fast pyrolysis of chicken manure

Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 51-61

  Kazi, Zakir H ^a   Schnitzer, Morris I ^a   Monreal, Carlos ^a   Mayer, Paul ^b  

^a OTTAWA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biooil; Chicken manure; Column chromatography; Fast pyrolysis; N heterocyclics

Indexed keywords

ALKYL CHAIN; ALKYL GROUPS; BASE STRUCTURE; BENZOQUINOLINE; BIO OIL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHICKEN MANURE; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY; FAST PYROLYSIS; FIELD-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY; HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; MASS SPECTRA; METHYLENE GROUPS; N-HETEROCYCLICS; PHENYLPYRIDINE; PYRAZINES; PYRAZOLES; RING CARBONS; SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION;

ALKYLATION; ANIMALS; ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; IONIZATION; MANURES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PYROLYSIS; SILICA;

COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY;

ALUMINUM OXIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; IONIZATION; MANURE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN COMPOUND; POULTRY; PYROLYSIS; SEPARATION; SILICA;

EID: 78650090483     PISSN: 03601234     EISSN: 15324109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.515506     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Elliott, D.C. Historical developments in hydroprocessing biooil. Energy and Fuels 2007, 21, 1792-1815.
2. Qi, Z.; Jie, C.; Tiejun, W.; Ying, X. Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energy Conversion and Management 2007, 48, 87-92.
3. Demibas, M.F.; Balat, M. Biomass pyrolysis for liquid fuels and chemicals: A review. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2007, 66, 797-804.
4. Balat, M. Mechanism of thermochemical biomass conversion processes. Part 1: Reactions of pyrolysis. Energy Sources, Part A 2008, 30, 620-635.
5. Appell, H.R.; Fu, Y.C.; Friedman, S.; Yavorsky, P M.; Wender, I. Converting organic wastes to oil: A replenishable energy source, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 7560; U.S. Bureau of Mines: Washington DC, 1980.
6. Appell, H.R.; Fu, Y.C.; Illig, E.G.; Steffgen, F.W.; Miller, R.D. Converting cellulosic wastes to oil, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 8013; U.S. Bureau of Mines: Washington DC, 1985.
7. Adams, T.N.; Appel, B.S.; Samson, P.J.; Roberts, M.J. Converting turkey offal into bio-derived hydrocarbon oil with the CWT thermal process, Power-GenRenewable Energy Conference,March 1-3, Las Vegas, NV, 2004.
8. Roberts, M.; Williams, J.; Sanders, D.; Adams, T. Animal waste to marketable products, National Gas Technologies Conference, February 8-11, Phoenix, AZ, 2004.
9. Ocfemia, K.S.; Zhang, Y.; Funk, T. Hydrothermal processing of swine manure to oil using a continuous reactor system: Effect of operating parameters on oil yield and quality. Trans. ASABE 2006, 49(6), 1897-1904.
10. Berruti, F.M.; Klaas, M.; Briens, C.; Berruti, F. Model for convective drying of carrots for pyrolysis. J. Food Eng. 2009, 92(2), 196-201.
11. Xu, R.; Ferrante, L.; Briens, C.; Berruti, F. Flash pyrolysis of grape residues into biofuel in a bubbling fluid bed. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2009, 86(1), 58-65.
12. Adjaye, J.D.; Bakhshi N.N. Production of hydrocarbons by catalytic upgrading of a fast pyrolysis biooil. Part I: Conversion over various catalysts. Fuel Process. Technol. 1995, 45, 161-183.
13. Czernik, S.; Johnson,D.K.; Black, S. Stability ofwood fast pyrolysis oil. Biomass and Bioenergy 1994, 7(1-6), 187-192.
14. Diebold, J.P.; Czernik, S. Additives to lower and stabilize the viscosity of pyrolysis oils during storage. Energy and Fuels 1997, 11, 1081-1091.
15. 1H NMR and FTIR spectrometry. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2007, 42, 71-77.
16. Schnitzer, M.I.; Monreal, C.M.; Jandl, G.; Leinweber, P.; Fransham, P.B. The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis II. Analysis of chicken manure, biooils, and char by curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2007, 42, 79-95.
17. Schnitzer, M.I.; Monreal, C.M.; Jandl, G. The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis III. Analysis of chicken manure, biooils and char by Py-FIMS and Py-FDMS. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2008, 43, 81-95.
18. Das, D.D.; Schnitzer, M.I.; Monreal, C.M.; Mayer, P. Chemical composition of acid-base fractions separated from biooil derived by fast pyrolysis of chicken manure. Bioresource Tech. 2009, 100, 6524-6532.
19. Lipshutz, B.H. Five-membered heteroaromatic rings as intermediates in organic synthesis. Chem. Rev. 1986, 86, 795-819.
20. Russell, M.G.N.; Baker, R.J.; Barden, L.; Beer, M.S.; Bristow, L.; Broughton, H.B.; Knowles, M.; McAllister, G.; Patel, S.; Castro, J.L. Pyrazoles, -Arylsulfonylindole derivatives as serotonin 5- HT6receptor ligands. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 3881-3895.
21. Czerny, M.; Wagner, R.; Grosch, W. Detection of order-active ethenylalkylpyrazines in roasted coffee. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996, 44, 3268-3272.
22. Herent, M.F.; Collin, S. Pyrazine and thiazol structureal properties and their influence on the recovery of such derivatives in aroma extraction procedures. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 1975-1980.
23. Schiller, J.E.; Mathiason, D.R. Separation method for coalderived solids and heavy liquids. Anal. Chem. 1977, 49(8), 1225-1228.
24. Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L.; Bartle, K.D.; Kong, R.C.; Vassilaros, D.L. Chemical class separation and charactrization of organic compounds in synthetic fuels. Anal. Chem. 1981, 53(11), 1612-1620.
25. Li, M.; Larter, S.R.; Stoddart, D. Liquid chromatographic separation for pyrrole and pyridine nitrohen aromatic heterocycl fractions from crude oils suitable for rapid characterization of Geochemical samples. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 1337-1344.
26. Amrani-Hemaimi, M.; Cerny, C.; Fay, L.B. Mechanism of formation of alkylpyrazines in the Maillard reaction. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 2818-2822.
27. Bakel, A.J.; Philp, R.P. The distribution and quantitation of organ-nitrogen compounds in crude oils and rock pyrolysates. Organic. GeoChem. 1990, 16(1-3), 353-367.