Wishful seeing: Motivational influences on visual perception of the physical environment

Social Psychology of Visual Perception

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 77-101

  Balcetis, Emily ^a   Dunning, David ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650003068     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (71)

1. Aarts, H., Dijksterhuis, A., & De Vries, P. (2001). On the psychology of drinking: Being thirsty and perceptually ready. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 631.
2. Adkins, L. J. (1956). Critical comment on the measurement of familiarity in personalityperception experiments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 6, 147-151.
3. Allopenna, P. D., Magnuson, J. S., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1998). Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: Evidence for continuous mapping models. Journal of Memory and Language, 38(4), 419-439.
4. Allport, A. (1989). Visual attention. In M. I. Posner (Ed.), Visual attention (pp. 631-682). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5. Balcetis, E. (2006). Motivated visual perception: How we see what we want to see. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 67(7-B), 4153.
6. Balcetis, E. (2007). Motivated visual perception: How we see what we want to see. Invited address at the Society for Experimental Social Psychology conference, Chicago.
7. Balcetis, E. (2009). Global and local processing in motivated visual perception. Unpublished manuscript.
8. Balcetis, E., & Dale, R. (2003). The eye is not naked: Context clothes visual perception. In Proceedings of the 25th Cognitive Science Society (pp. 109-114). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
9. Balcetis, E., & Dale, R. (2007). Conceptual set as a top-down constraint on visual object identification. Perception, 36, 581-595.
10. Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2006). See what you want to see: Motivational influences on perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 612-625.
11. Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2007). Cognitive dissonance reduction and perception of the physical world. Psychological Science, 18, 917-921.
12. Balcetis, E., & Ferguson, M. (2009). Accessibility versus goal pursuit of visceral needs: A resolution of disparate influences on perception. Unpublished data.
13. Bartlett, F C. (1932). Remembering. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
14. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5, 323-370.
15. Biederman, I., Mezzanotte, R. J., & Rabinowitz, J. C. (1982). Scene perception: Detecting and judging objects undergoing relational violations. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 143-177.
16. Blincoe, K. M., Jones, A. P., Sauerzapf, V, & Haynes, R. (2006). Speeding drivers' attitudes and perceptions of speed cameras in rural England. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(2), 371-378.
17. Boyce, S. J., & Pollatsek, A. (1992). Identification of objects in scenes: The role of scene background in object naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 531-543.
18. Bruner, J. S., & Goodman, C. C. (1947). Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.
19. Bruner, J. S., & Minturn, A. L. (1955). Perceptual identification and perceptual organization. Journal of General Psychology, 53, 21-28.
20. Bruner, J. S., & Postman, L. (1948). Symbolic value as an organizing factor in perception. Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 203-208.
21. Bugelski, B. R., & Alampay, D. A. (1961). The role of frequency in developing perceptual sets. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 15, 205-211.
22. Cole, S., & Balcetis, E. (2008, May). Fit or fat? The influence of motivation healthy on distance estimation. Paper presented at Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
23. Crandall, S. J., & de Lissovoy, V (1977). Perceptual set in preschool children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 131, 327-328.
24. Dollard, J., & Miller, N. E. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
25. Dunning, D. (2005). Self-insight: Roadblocks and detours on the path to knowing thyself. New York: Psychology Press.
26. Einstein, A. (1918). Principles of research. Address to the Physical Society for Max Planck's 60th birthday. Berlin, Germany.
27. Epley, N., & Whitchurch, E. (2008). Mirror, mirror on the wall: Enhancement in selfrecognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1159-1170.
28. Erdelyi, M. H. (1974). A new look at the new look: Perceptual defense and vigilance. Psychological Review, 81, 1-25.
29. Erdelyi, M. H. (1985). Psychoanalysis: Freud's cognitive psychology. New York: W H. Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt and Co.
30. Erdelyi, M. H. (1990). Repression, reconstruction, and defense: History and integration of the psychoanalytic and experimental frameworks. In J. L. Singer (Ed.), Repression and dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology, and health (pp. 1-31). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Erdelyi, M. H. (1996). The recovery of unconscious memories: Hypermnesia and reminiscence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32. Eriksen, C. W (1958). Effects of practice with or without correction on discrimination learning. American Journal of Psychology, 71, 350-358.
33. Eriksen, C. W (1962). Behavior and awareness: A symposium of research and interpretation. Journal of Personality, 30, 158.
34. Eriksen, C. W, & Browne, T (1956). An experimental and theoretical analysis of perceptual defense. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 224-230.
35. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Oxford, UK: Row, Peterson.
36. Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.
37. Freud, S. (1900/1953). The interpretation of dreams. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vols. 4-5). London: Hogarth Press.
38. Freud, S. (1899/1962). Screen memories. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 3). London: Hogarth Press.
39. Gilmore, M., & Edward, N. (1999). Freud's model of the mind in sleep and dreaming. Neuro psychoanalysis, 1, 225-232.
40. Goldiamond, I. (1958). Indicators of perception: I. Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception: An analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology. Psychological Bulletin, 55, 373-411.
41. Gollwitzer, P. M., & Kinney, R. F (1989). Effects of deliberative and implemental mindsets on illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 531-542.
42. Greenwald, A. G. (1992). New Look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed. American Psychologist, 47, 766-779.
43. Helmholtz, H. von (1867). Handhuch der Physiologischen Optik. Leipzig, Germany: Voss.
44. Howes, D. H., & Solomon, R. L. (1950). A note on McGinnies' "Emotionality and perceptual defense." Psychological Review, 57, 229-234.
45. Huston, T L., Caughlin, J. P., Houts, R. M., Smith, S. E., & George, L. J. (2001). The connubial crucible: Newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 237-252.
46. Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
47. Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518-530.
48. Lerner, J. S., Gonzalez, R. M., Dahl, R. E., Hariri, A. R., & Taylor, S. E. (2005). Facial expressions of emotion reveal neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress responses. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 743-750.
49. Lerner, J., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 255-275.
50. Li, L., & Warren, W H. J. (2004). Path perception during rotation: Influence of instructions, depth range, and dot density. Vision Research, 44, 1879-1889.
51. Loftus, E. E, Loftus, G. R., & Messo, J. (1987). Some facts about "weapons focus". Law and Human Behavior, 11, 55-62.
52. Long, G. M., & Toppino, T C. (2004). Enduring interest in perceptual ambiguity: Alternating views of reversible figures. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 748-768.
53. Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
54. McCurdy, H. G. (1956). Coin perception studies and the concept of schemata. Psychological Review, 63, 160-168.
55. McWhirter, C., & Balcetis, E. (2008, May). It isjust a game: The influence of desire on distance perception. Paper presented at Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
56. McWhirter, C., & Balcetis, E. (2009). Negativity dominance in motivated perception, unpublished data.
57. Mueller, N. G., Bartelt, O. A., Donner, T H., Villringer, A., & Brandt, S. A. (2003). A physiological correlate of the "zoom lens" of visual attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 3561-3565.
58. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42.
59. Prentice, W C. H. (1958). Perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 9, 1-18.
60. Richardson, D. C., & Spivey, M. J. (2000). Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: Looking at things that aren't there anymore. Cognition, 76, 269-295.
61. Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.
62. Simons, D. J., & Levin, D. T (1998). Failure to detect changes to people in a real-world interaction. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 644-649.
63. Strayer, D. L., & Johnston, W A. (2001). Driven to distraction: Dual-task studies of simulated driving and conversing on a cellular telephone. Psychological Science, 12, 462-466.
64. Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychologica, 47, 143-148.
65. Tanenhaus, M. K., Spivey-Knowlton, M. J., Eberhard, K. M., & Sedivy, J. C. (1995). Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science, 268, 1632-1634.
66. Taylor, S. E., & Gollwitzer, P H. (1995). Effects of mindset on positive illusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 213-226.
67. Wegner, D. M., & Bargh, J. A. (1998). New York: McGraw-Hill.
68. Wohlwill, J. F. (1966). Perceptual learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 17, 201-232.
69. VandeHei, J., & Moreno, S. (2006, February 14). In a break with policy, hunting accident was not disclosed for 14 hours. Washington Post, p. A01.
70. Voss, A., Rothermund, K., & Brandtstädter, J. (2008). Interpreting ambiguous stimuli: Separating perceptual and judgmental biases. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1048-1056.
71. Yantis, S. (1996). Attentional capture in vision. In M. C. A. Kramer & G. Logan (Eds.), Converging operations in the study of selective visual attention (pp. 45-76). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.