Comparison of rapid quantitative PCR-Based and conventional culture-based methods for enumeration of enterococcus spp. and escherichia coli in recreational waters

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 76, Issue 22, 2010, Pages 7437-7443

  Noble, Rachel T ^a   Blackwood, A Denene ^a   Griffith, John F ^b   McGee, Charles D ^c   Weisberg, Stephen B ^b  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^b SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATER RESEARCH PROJECT   (United States)

^c ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALIFORNIA; COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATIONS; CONVENTIONAL METHODS; CULTURE-BASED METHODS; E. COLI; ENTEROCOCCUS SPP; EPA METHOD; FALSE POSITIVE; MANAGEMENT DECISIONS; PURE CULTURE; QUANTITATIVE PCR; RECREATIONAL WATER; RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY; REPRODUCIBILITIES;

BEACHES; DECISION MAKING; ESCHERICHIA COLI; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA; SEWAGE; WATER POLLUTION; WATER QUALITY;

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;

RNA 23S;

BACTERIUM; BEACH; BIOASSAY; BIOREACTOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CORRELATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SAMPLING; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL LOAD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EVALUATION; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; UNITED STATES;

BACTERIAL LOAD; CALIFORNIA; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 23S; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; WATER MICROBIOLOGY;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES;

ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 78649718614     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00651-10     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Public Health Association. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Centennial ed., subsections 9222 and 9230. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
2. American Public Health Association. 2009. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, rev. online ed., subsections 9222 and 9230. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
3. Boehm, A. B., S. B. Grant, J. H. Kim, S. L. Mowbray, C. D. McGee, C. D. Clark, D. M. Foley, and D. E. Wellman. 2002. Decadal and shorter period variability of surf zone water quality at Huntington Beach, California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:3885-3892.
4. Bushon, R. N., A. M. Brady, C. A. Likirdopulos, and J. V. Cireddu. 2009. Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106:432-441.
5. Byappanahalli, M. N., R. L. Whitman, D. A. Shively, and M. B. Nevers. 2010. Linking non-culturable (qPCR) and culturable enterococci densities with hydrometeorological conditions. Sci. Total Environ. 408:3096-3101.
6. Cabelli, V. J., A. P. Dufour, L. J. McCabe, and M. A. Levin. 1982. Swimmingassociated gastroenteritis and water quality. Am. J. Epidemiol. 115:606-616.
7. Cabelli, V. J. 1983. Health effects criteria for marine recreational waters. EPA-600/1-80-031. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
8. California Department of Public Health. 24 March 2000. Recommended methods for the analysis of recreational marine water to comply with AB 411. California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA. http://www .cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/environhealth/water/Documents/Beaches /RecommendedMethodsforAB411.pdf.
9. Cheung, W. H. S., K. C. K. Chang, and R. P. S. Hung. 1990. Health effects of beach water pollution in Hong Kong. Epidemiol. Infect. 105:139-162.
10. De Boer, S. H., L. J. Ward, X. Li, and S. Chittaranjan. 1995. Attenuation of PCR inhibition in the presence of plant compounds by addition of BLOTTO. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:2567-2568.
11. Dufour, A. P. 1984. Health effects criteria for fresh recreational waters. EPA 600/1-84-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
12. Frahm, E., and U. Obst. 2003. Application of the fluorogenic probe technique (TaqMan PCR) to the detection of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli in water samples. J. Microbiol. Methods 52:123-131.
13. Griffith, J. F., L. A. Aumand, I. M. Lee, C. D. McGee, L. L. Othman, K. J. Ritter, K. O. Walker, and S. B. Weisberg. 2006. Comparison and verification of bacterial water quality indicator measurement methods using ambient coastal water samples. Environ. Monit. Assess. 116:335-344.
14. Griffith, J. F., and S. B. Weisberg. 2006. Evaluation of rapid microbiological methods for measuring recreational water quality. Technical report 485. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA.
15. Griffith, J. F., D. Moore, C. McGee, and S. B. Weisberg. 2007. Beta testing of rapid methods for measuring beach water quality. Technical report 506. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA.
16. Haugland, R. A., S. C. Siefring, L. J. Wymer, K. P. Brenner, and A. P. Dufour. 2005. Comparison of Enterococcus measurements in freshwater at two recreational beaches by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and membrane filter culture analysis. Water Res. 39:559-568.
17. KreaDer, C. A. 1996. Relief of amplification inhibition in PCR with bovine serum albumin or T4 gene 32 protein. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1102-1106.
18. LavenDer, J. S., and J. L. Kinzelman. 2009. A cross comparison of QPCR to agar-based or defined substrate test methods for the determination of Escherichia coli and enterococci in municipal water quality monitoring programs. Water Res. 43:4967-4979.
19. Layton, A., L. McKay, D. Williams, V. Garrett, R. Gentry, and G. Sayler. 2006. Development of Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene TaqMan-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:4214-4224.
20. Leecaster, M. K., and S. B. Weisberg. 2001. Effect of sampling frequency on shoreline microbiology assessments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42:1150-1154.
21. Ludwig, W., and K.-H. Schleifer. 2000. How quantitative is quantitative PCR with respect to cell counts? Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23:556-562.
22. Messer, J. W., and A. P. Dufour. 1998. A rapid, specific membrane filtration procedure for enumeration of enterococci in recreational water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:678-680.
23. Moore, D. F., J. A. Guzman, and C. McGee. 2008. Species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from surface and ocean water. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105:1017-1025.
24. Noble, R. T., and J. A. Fuhrman. 1998. Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14:113-118.
25. Noble, R. T., S. B. Weisberg, M. K. Leecaster, C. D. McGee, K. Ritter, K. O. Walker, and P. M. Vainik. 2003. Comparison of beach bacterial water quality indicator measurement methods. Environ. Monit. Assess. 81:301-312.
26. Ott, E. M., T. Müller, M. Müller, C. M. A. P. Franz, A. Ulrich, M. Gabel, and W. Seyfarth. 2001. Population dynamics and antagonistic potential of enterococci colonizing the phyllosphere of grasses. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:54-66.
27. Thurman, E. M., G. R. Aiken, M. Ewald, W. R. Fischer, U. Forstner, A. H. Hack, R. F. C. Mantoura, J. W. Parsons, R. Pocklington, F. J. Stevenson, R. S. Swift, and B. Szpakowska. 1988. Isolation of soil and aquatic humic substances, p. 31-43. In F. H. Frimmel and R. F. Christman (ed.), Humic substances and their role in the environment. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., New York, NY.
28. Tsai, Y. L., and B. H. Olson. 1992. Rapid method for separation of bacterial DNA from humic substances in sediments for polymerase chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2292-2295.
29. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Guidelines establishing test procedures for the analysis of pollutants; analytical methods for biological pollutants in ambient water. Final rule. Fed. Regist. 68:43272-43283. http: //feDeralregister.gov/a/03-18155.
30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. National primary drinking water regulations: Long term 2 enhanced surface water treatment rule. Final rule. Fed. Regist. 71:654-786. http://feDeralregister.gov/a/06-4.
31. Wade, T. J., R. L. CalDeron, E. Sams, M. Beach, K. P. Brenner, A. H. Williams and A. P. Dufour. 2006. Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming-associated gastrointestinal illness. Environ. Health Perspect. 114:24-28.
32. Wade, T. J., R. L. CalDeron, K. P. Brenner, E. Sams, M. Beach, R. Haugland, L. Wymer, and A. P. Dufour. 2008. High sensitivity of children to swimmingassociated gastrointestinal illness: Results using a rapid assay of recreational water quality. Epidemiology 19:375-383.
33. Watson, R. J., and B. Blackwell. 2000. Purification and characterization of a common soil component which inhibits polymerase chain reaction. Can. J. Microbiol. 46:633-642.
34. Whitcombe, D., J. Theaker, S. P. Guy, T. Brown, and S. Little. 1999. Detection of PCR products using self-probing amplicons and fluorescence. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:804-807.
35. Whitman, R. L., G. E. Zhongfu, M. B. Nevers, A. B. Boehm, E. C. Chern, R. A. Haugland, A. M. Lukasik, M. Molina, K. Przybyla-Kelly, D. A. Shively, E. White, R. Zepp, and M. Byappanahalli. 2010. Relationship and variation of qPCR and culturable enterococci estimates in ambient surface waters are predictable. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:5049-5054.