메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 15-24

Calcineurin inhibitors in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A review of current evidence

Author keywords

Atopic dermatitis, treatment; Calcineurin inhibitors, adverse reactions; Calcineurin inhibitors, therapeutic use; Children; Pimecrolimus, adverse reactions; Pimecrolimus, therapeutic use; Tacrolimus, adverse reactions; Tacrolimus, therapeutic use; Topical

Indexed keywords

ALCLOMETASONE; BETAMETHASONE VALERATE; CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CORTICOSTEROID; HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE; PIMECROLIMUS; TACROLIMUS; TRIAMCINOLONE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE;

EID: 78649642433     PISSN: 11750561     EISSN: 11791888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11319300-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0022528787 scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis: A genetic-epidemio-logic studyin a population-based twin sample
    • Larsen FS, Holm NV, Henningsen K. Atopic dermatitis: a genetic-epidemio-logic studyin a population-based twin sample. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15: 487-94
    • (1986) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.15 , pp. 487-94
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Holm, N.V.2    Henningsen, K.3
  • 2
    • 0032896184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide variations in the pre-valence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
    • Williams H, Robertson C, Stewart A, et al. Worldwide variations in the pre-valence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103: 125-38
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 125-38
    • Williams, H.1    Robertson, C.2    Stewart, A.3
  • 3
    • 0033772646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon school children
    • Laughter D, Istvan JA, Tofte SJ, et al. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon school children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 649-55
    • (2000) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.43 , pp. 649-55
    • Laughter, D.1    Istvan, J.A.2    Tofte, S.J.3
  • 4
    • 0035674603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An application of the United Kingdom working party diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in Scottish infants
    • Fleming S, Bodner C, Devereux G, et al. An application of the United Kingdom working party diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in Scottish infants. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117: 526-30
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.117 , pp. 526-30
    • Fleming, S.1    Bodner, C.2    Devereux, G.3
  • 5
    • 0032490342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis
    • Rudikoff D, Lebwohl M. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1998; 351: 1715-21
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1715-21
    • Rudikoff, D.1    Lebwohl, M.2
  • 6
    • 0031020262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic eczema: Its impact on the family and financial cost
    • Su JC, Kemp AS, Varigos GA, et al. Atopic eczema: its impact on the family and financial cost. Arch Dis Child 1997; 76: 159-62
    • (1997) Arch Dis Child , vol.76 , pp. 159-62
    • Su, J.C.1    Kemp, A.S.2    Varigos, G.A.3
  • 7
    • 33746117203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life and childhood atopic dermatitis: The misery of living with childhood eczema
    • Lewis-Jones S. Quality of life and childhood atopic dermatitis: the misery of living with childhood eczema. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60: 984-92
    • (2006) Int J Clin Pract , vol.60 , pp. 984-92
    • Lewis-Jones, S.1
  • 8
    • 37749025593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis
    • Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1483-94
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1483-94
    • Bieber, T.1
  • 9
    • 0029098122 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the cytokine pattern ex-pressed in situ in inhalant allergen patch test reactions of atopic dermatitis patients
    • Grewe M, Walther S, Gyufko K, et al. Analysis of the cytokine pattern ex-pressed in situ in inhalant allergen patch test reactions of atopic dermatitis patients. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105: 407-10
    • (1995) J Invest Dermatol , vol.105 , pp. 407-10
    • Grewe, M.1    Walther, S.2    Gyufko, K.3
  • 10
    • 0031722634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo expression of cytokine receptor mRNA in atopic dermatitis
    • Taha RA, Leung DY, Ghaffar O, et al. In vivo expression of cytokine receptor mRNA in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102: 245-50
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 245-50
    • Taha, R.A.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Ghaffar, O.3
  • 11
    • 0034075485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema
    • Charman CR, Morris AD, Williams HC. Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 931-6
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 931-6
    • Charman, C.R.1    Morris, A.D.2    Williams, H.C.3
  • 12
    • 0025871394 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporine A
    • Falangan WM, Corthesy B, Bram RJ, et al. Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporine A. Nature 1991; 352: 803-7
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 803-7
    • Falangan, W.M.1    Corthesy, B.2    Bram, R.J.3
  • 13
    • 15844416253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin binds the transcription factor NFAT1 and reversibly regulates its activity
    • Loh C, Shaw KT, Carew J, et al. Calcineurin binds the transcription factor NFAT1 and reversibly regulates its activity. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 10884-91
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 10884-91
    • Loh, C.1    Shaw, K.T.2    Carew, J.3
  • 14
    • 0028300431 scopus 로고
    • NF-ATp: A transcription factor required for the co-ordinated induction of several cytokine genes
    • Rao A. NF-ATp: a transcription factor required for the co-ordinated induction of several cytokine genes. Immunol Today 1994; 15: 274-81
    • (1994) Immunol Today , vol.15 , pp. 274-81
    • Rao, A.1
  • 15
    • 0035116403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human epidermal Langerhans cells are targets for the immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506)
    • Panhans-Gross A, Novak N, Kraft S, et al. Human epidermal Langerhans cells are targets for the immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 345-52
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 345-52
    • Panhans-Gross, A.1    Novak, N.2    Kraft, S.3
  • 16
    • 0025893168 scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin is a common target of cy-clophillin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
    • Liu J, Farmer Jr JD, Lane WS, et al. Calcineurin is a common target of cy-clophillin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes. Cell 1991; 66: 807-15
    • (1991) Cell , vol.66 , pp. 807-15
    • Liu, J.1    Farmer Jr., J.D.2    Lane, W.S.3
  • 17
    • 0036165478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus: From clever prokaryotes to inhibiting calcineurin and treating atopic dermatitis
    • Nghiem P, Pearson G, Langley RG. Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus: from clever prokaryotes to inhibiting calcineurin and treating atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 228-41
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 228-41
    • Nghiem, P.1    Pearson, G.2    Langley, R.G.3
  • 18
    • 0242550810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimecrolimus does not affect Langerhans cells in murine epidermis
    • Meingassner JG, Kowalsky E, Schwendinger H, et al. Pimecrolimus does not affect Langerhans cells in murine epidermis. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 853-7
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.149 , pp. 853-7
    • Meingassner, J.G.1    Kowalsky, E.2    Schwendinger, H.3
  • 19
    • 39849100234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients
    • Yan J, Chen S, Wang X, et al. Meta-analysis of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2008; 25: 117-20
    • (2008) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.25 , pp. 117-20
    • Yan, J.1    Chen, S.2    Wang, X.3
  • 20
    • 0031792219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of tacrolimus ointment for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children
    • Boguniewicz M, Fiedler VC, Raimer S, et al. A randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of tacrolimus ointment for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102: 637-44
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 637-44
    • Boguniewicz, M.1    Fiedler, V.C.2    Raimer, S.3
  • 21
    • 0035164433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-week study of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients
    • Paller A, Eichenfield LF, Leung DYM, et al. A 12-week study of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44 (1 Suppl.): S47-57
    • (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.44 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Paller, A.1    Eichenfield, L.F.2    Dym, L.3
  • 22
    • 0036553479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of pime-crolimus (ASM 981) cream 1% in the treatment of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents
    • Eichenfield LF, Lucky AW, Boguniewicz M, et al. Safety and efficacy of pime-crolimus (ASM 981) cream 1% in the treatment of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 495-504
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 495-504
    • Eichenfield, L.F.1    Lucky, A.W.2    Boguniewicz, M.3
  • 23
    • 0037324145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of nonsteroid pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants
    • Ho VC, Gupta A, Kaufmann R, et al. Safety and efficacy of nonsteroid pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants. J Pediatr 2003; 142: 155-62
    • (2003) J Pediatr , vol.142 , pp. 155-62
    • Ho, V.C.1    Gupta, A.2    Kaufmann, R.3
  • 24
    • 0035157388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of tacro-limus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children
    • Kang S, Lucky AW, Pariser D, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of tacro-limus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44 (1 Suppl.): S58-64
    • (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.44 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Kang, S.1    Lucky, A.W.2    Pariser, D.3
  • 25
    • 43649090235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term management of facial atopic eczema with pimecrolimus cream 1% in paediatric patients with mild to moderate disease
    • Zuberbier T, Brautigam MJ. Long-term management of facial atopic eczema with pimecrolimus cream 1% in paediatric patients with mild to moderate disease. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22: 718-21
    • (2008) Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.22 , pp. 718-21
    • Zuberbier, T.1    Brautigam, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0036677154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term management of atopic der-matitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug
    • Kapp A, Papp K, Bingham A, et al. Long-term management of atopic der-matitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110: 277-84
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.110 , pp. 277-84
    • Kapp, A.1    Papp, K.2    Bingham, A.3
  • 27
    • 0036634394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children
    • Wahn U, Bos JD, Goodfield M, et al. Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatrics 2002; 110: e2
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110
    • Wahn, U.1    Bos, J.D.2    Goodfield, M.3
  • 28
    • 58249087940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three times weekly tacrolimus ointment reduces relapse in stabilized atopic dermatitis: A new paradigm for use
    • Paller AS, Eichenfield LF, Kirsner RS, et al. Three times weekly tacrolimus ointment reduces relapse in stabilized atopic dermatitis: a new paradigm for use. Pediatrics 2008; 122: e1210-8
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122
    • Paller, A.S.1    Eichenfield, L.F.2    Kirsner, R.S.3
  • 29
    • 56549121036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proactive disease manage-ment with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment for children with atopic dermatitis: Results of a randomized, multicentre, comparative study
    • Thaci D, Reitamo S, Gonzalez Ensent MA, et al. Proactive disease manage-ment with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment for children with atopic dermatitis: results of a randomized, multicentre, comparative study. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159: 1348-56
    • (2008) Br J Dermatol , vol.159 , pp. 1348-56
    • Thaci, D.1    Reitamo, S.2    Gonzalez Ensent, M.A.3
  • 30
    • 43249125106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent therapy for flare prevention and long-term disease control in stabilized atopic dermatitis: A randomized comparison of 3-times-weekly application of tacrolimus ointment versus vehicle
    • Breneman D, Fleischer Jr AB, Abramovits W, et al. Intermittent therapy for flare prevention and long-term disease control in stabilized atopic dermatitis: a randomized comparison of 3-times-weekly application of tacrolimus ointment versus vehicle. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58: 990-9
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 990-9
    • Breneman, D.1    Fleischer Jr., A.B.2    Abramovits, W.3
  • 31
    • 0036128526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment compared with that of hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children with atopic dermatitis
    • Reitamo S, Van Leent EJM, Ho V, et al. Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment compared with that of hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109: 539-46
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 539-46
    • Reitamo, S.1    Van Leent Ejm2    Ho, V.3
  • 32
    • 11144358531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0.03% tacrolimus ointment applied once or twice daily ismore efficaciousthan 1%hydrocortisone acetate in children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: Results of a randomized double-blind controlled trial
    • Reitamo S, Harper J, Bos JD, et al. 0.03% tacrolimus ointment applied once or twice daily ismore efficaciousthan 1%hydrocortisone acetate in children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: results of a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150: 554-62
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.150 , pp. 554-62
    • Reitamo, S.1    Harper, J.2    Bos, J.D.3
  • 34
    • 58149357052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sequential applications of topical tacrolimus and topical corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: An open-label pilot study
    • Kubota Y, Yoneda K, Nakai K, et al. Effect of sequential applications of topical tacrolimus and topical corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: an open-label pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60: 212-7
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.60 , pp. 212-7
    • Kubota, Y.1    Yoneda, K.2    Nakai, K.3
  • 35
    • 20844459817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pimecrolimus cream 1% and tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in paediatric patients with atopic eczema
    • Kempers S, Boguniewicz M, Carter E, et al. Comparison of pimecrolimus cream 1% and tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in paediatric patients with atopic eczema. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 515-25
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.51 , pp. 515-25
    • Kempers, S.1    Boguniewicz, M.2    Carter, E.3
  • 36
    • 20944435220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment is more ef-fective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Results from 3 randomized, comparative studies
    • Paller AS, Lebwohl M, Fleischer AB, et al. Tacrolimus ointment is more ef-fective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: results from 3 randomized, comparative studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 810-22
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.52 , pp. 810-22
    • Paller, A.S.1    Lebwohl, M.2    Fleischer, A.B.3
  • 38
    • 78649679837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Elidel (pimecrolimus cream) approval package [online]. Available from URL [Accessed 2010 Oct 24]
    • US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Medical officer's review of new drug application 21-302: Elidel (pimecrolimus cream) approval package [online]. Available from URL: http://www.access data.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/label/2001/21302/lbl.pdf [Accessed 2010 Oct 24]
    • Medical Officer's Review of New Drug Application , pp. 21-302
  • 40
    • 0035096846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis treatment with topical tacrolimus (FK506)
    • Pournaras CC, Lubbe J, Saurat JH. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis treatment with topical tacrolimus (FK506). J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116: 480-1
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.116 , pp. 480-1
    • Pournaras, C.C.1    Lubbe, J.2    Saurat, J.H.3
  • 41
    • 0035144821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment reduces staphylococcal colonization of atopic dermatitis lesions
    • Remitz A, Kyllonen H, Granlund H, et al. Tacrolimus ointment reduces staphylococcal colonization of atopic dermatitis lesions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 196-7
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 196-7
    • Remitz, A.1    Kyllonen, H.2    Granlund, H.3
  • 42
    • 0023245677 scopus 로고
    • FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces: I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics
    • Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, et al. FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces: I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40: 1249-55
    • (1987) J Antibiot (Tokyo) , vol.40 , pp. 1249-55
    • Kino, T.1    Hatanaka, H.2    Hashimoto, M.3
  • 43
    • 0027972146 scopus 로고
    • Local steroid therapy and bacterial skin flora in atopic dermatitis
    • Stalder JF, FleuryM,SourisseM,et al. Local steroid therapy and bacterial skin flora in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131: 536-40
    • (1994) Br J Dermatol , vol.131 , pp. 536-40
    • Stalder, J.F.1    Fleury, M.2    Sourisse, M.3
  • 44
    • 0036787041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is not associated with an increase in cutaneous infections
    • Fleischer Jr AB, Ling M, Eichenfield L, et al. Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is not associated with an increase in cutaneous infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47: 562-70
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , pp. 562-70
    • Fleischer Jr., A.B.1    Ling, M.2    Eichenfield, L.3
  • 45
    • 0033898753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of 1 year of tacrolimus ointment monotherapy in adults with atopic dermatitis: The European Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group
    • Reitamo S, Wollenberg A, Schopf E, et al. Safety and efficacy of 1 year of tacrolimus ointment monotherapy in adults with atopic dermatitis: the European Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 999-1006
    • (2000) Arch Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 999-1006
    • Reitamo, S.1    Wollenberg, A.2    Schopf, E.3
  • 46
    • 20444449850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal seroconversion after vaccination for children with atopic dermatitis treated with tacrolimus ointment
    • Stiehm ER, Roberts RL, Kaplan MS, et al. Pneumococcal seroconversion after vaccination for children with atopic dermatitis treated with tacrolimus ointment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53 (2 Suppl. 2): S206-13
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.53 , Issue.2 SUPPL. 2
    • Stiehm, E.R.1    Roberts, R.L.2    Kaplan, M.S.3
  • 47
    • 0031657805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment does not affect collagen synthesis: Results of a single-center randomized trial
    • Reitamo S, Rissanen J, Remitz A, et al. Tacrolimus ointment does not affect collagen synthesis: results of a single-center randomized trial. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111: 396-8
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 396-8
    • Reitamo, S.1    Rissanen, J.2    Remitz, A.3
  • 48
    • 0035081866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new topical ascomycin de-rivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: A randomized double-blind controlled study
    • Queille-Roussel C, Paul C, Duteil L, et al. The new topical ascomycin de-rivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144: 507-13
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 507-13
    • Queille-Roussel, C.1    Paul, C.2    Duteil, L.3
  • 49
    • 3142692443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of one-year intermittent treatment with topical tacrolimus monotherapy on skin collagen synthesis in patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Kyllonen H, Remitz A, Mandelin JM, et al. Effects of one-year intermittent treatment with topical tacrolimus monotherapy on skin collagen synthesis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150: 1174-81
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.150 , pp. 1174-81
    • Kyllonen, H.1    Remitz, A.2    Mandelin, J.M.3
  • 50
    • 0036169163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low systemic exposure after repeated topical application of pimecrolimus (Elidel), SDZ ASM 981, in patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Van Leent EJ, Ebelin ME, Burtin P, et al. Low systemic exposure after repeated topical application of pimecrolimus (Elidel), SDZ ASM 981, in patients with atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 2002; 204: 63-8
    • (2002) Dermatology , vol.204 , pp. 63-8
    • Van Leent, E.J.1    Ebelin, M.E.2    Burtin, P.3
  • 51
    • 0035034382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First experience of topical SDZ ASM 981 in children with atopic dermatitis
    • Harper J, Green A, Scott G, et al. First experience of topical SDZ ASM 981 in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144: 781-7
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 781-7
    • Harper, J.1    Green, A.2    Scott, G.3
  • 52
    • 18544392044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus (FK506) ointment for atopic dermatitis: A phase i study in adults and children
    • Alaiti S, Kang S, Fiedler VC, et al. Tacrolimus (FK506) ointment for atopic dermatitis: a phase I study in adults and children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38: 69-76
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 69-76
    • Alaiti, S.1    Kang, S.2    Fiedler, V.C.3
  • 53
    • 0242322394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group A short-term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis
    • Ruzicka T, Bieber T, Schoepf E, et al., the European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group. A short-term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 816-21
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 816-21
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Bieber, T.2    Schoepf, E.3
  • 54
    • 0036067393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical immunomodulators for atopic derma-titis
    • Bernard LA, Eichenfield LF. Topical immunomodulators for atopic derma-titis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2002; 14: 414-8
    • (2002) Curr Opin Pediatr , vol.14 , pp. 414-8
    • Bernard, L.A.1    Eichenfield, L.F.2
  • 55
    • 0034098046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs
    • Bos JD, Meinardi MM. The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs. Exp Dermatol 2000; 9: 165-9
    • (2000) Exp Dermatol , vol.9 , pp. 165-9
    • Bos, J.D.1    Meinardi, M.M.2
  • 56
    • 0034978116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant absorption of topical tacrolimus in 3 patients with Netherton syndrome
    • Allen A, Siegfried E, Silverman R, et al. Significant absorption of topical tacrolimus in 3 patients with Netherton syndrome. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137: 747-50
    • (2001) Arch Dermatol , vol.137 , pp. 747-50
    • Allen, A.1    Siegfried, E.2    Silverman, R.3
  • 57
    • 0042635547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of Netherton's syn-drome with tacrolimus ointment without significant systemic absorption
    • Bens G, Boralevi F, Buzenet C, et al. Topical treatment of Netherton's syn-drome with tacrolimus ointment without significant systemic absorption. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 224-6
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.149 , pp. 224-6
    • Bens, G.1    Boralevi, F.2    Buzenet, C.3
  • 58
    • 33846242915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis
    • Callen J, Chamlin S, Eichenfield LF, et al. A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 203-11
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.156 , pp. 203-11
    • Callen, J.1    Chamlin, S.2    Eichenfield, L.F.3
  • 59
    • 33745245725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and clearance of cyclo-butane dipyridimine dimers in UV-irradiated skin pretreated with 1% pimecrolimus or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide creams in normal and atopic patients
    • Doelker L, Tran C, Gkomouzas A, et al. Production and clearance of cyclo-butane dipyridimine dimers in UV-irradiated skin pretreated with 1% pimecrolimus or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide creams in normal and atopic patients. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15: 342-6
    • (2006) Exp Dermatol , vol.15 , pp. 342-6
    • Doelker, L.1    Tran, C.2    Gkomouzas, A.3
  • 60
    • 25444475018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus
    • Naylor N, Elmets C, Jaracz E, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus. J Dermatol Treat 2005; 16: 149-53
    • (2005) J Dermatol Treat , vol.16 , pp. 149-53
    • Naylor, N.1    Elmets, C.2    Jaracz, E.3
  • 61
    • 34247522722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between exposure to topical calcineurin inhibitors and skin cancer in adults
    • Margolis DJ, Hoffstad O, Bilker W. Lack of association between exposure to topical calcineurin inhibitors and skin cancer in adults. Dermatology 2007; 214: 289-95
    • (2007) Dermatology , vol.214 , pp. 289-95
    • Margolis, D.J.1    Hoffstad, O.2    Bilker, W.3
  • 62
    • 39749187188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The US FDA 'black box' warning for topical calcineurin inhibitors: An ongoing controversy
    • Ring J, Mohrenschlager M, Henkel V. The US FDA 'black box' warning for topical calcineurin inhibitors: an ongoing controversy. Drug Saf 2008; 31: 185-98
    • (2008) Drug Saf , vol.31 , pp. 185-98
    • Ring, J.1    Mohrenschlager, M.2    Henkel, V.3
  • 63
    • 78649653957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protopic® (tacrolimus ointment): US prescribing information. Deerfield (IL): Astellas Pharma US Inc. 2006 Jan
    • Protopic® (tacrolimus ointment): US prescribing information. Deerfield (IL): Astellas Pharma US Inc. 2006 Jan
  • 64
    • 78649656655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elidel® (pimecrolimus 1% cream): US prescribing information. East Hanover (NJ): Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. 2006 Jan
    • Elidel® (pimecrolimus 1% cream): US prescribing information. East Hanover (NJ): Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. 2006 Jan
  • 65
    • 33947264340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of lymphoma following exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and topical steroids in patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Arellano FM, Wentworth CE, Arana A, et al. Risk of lymphoma following exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and topical steroids in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127: 808-16
    • (2007) J Invest Dermatol , vol.127 , pp. 808-16
    • Arellano, F.M.1    Wentworth, C.E.2    Arana, A.3
  • 66
    • 20444506718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the calcineurin inhibitor task force of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
    • Fonacier L, Spergel J, Charleworth EN, et al. Report of the calcineurin inhibitor task force of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115: 1249-53
    • (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.115 , pp. 1249-53
    • Fonacier, L.1    Spergel, J.2    Charleworth, E.N.3
  • 67
    • 78649645047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric Advisory Committee Meeting of the US Food and Drug Administration Novartis and Fujisawa FDA briefing statements [online]. Available from URL [Accessed 2010 Oct 24]
    • Pediatric Advisory Committee Meeting of the US Food and Drug Administration. Novartis and Fujisawa FDA briefing statements [online]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/briefing/2005-4089b2. htm [Accessed 2010 Oct 24]
  • 68
    • 33646545065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical calcineurin inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: Balancing clinical benefit and possible risks
    • Qureshi AA, Fischer MA. Topical calcineurin inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: balancing clinical benefit and possible risks. Arch Dermatol 2006; 142: 633-7
    • (2006) Arch Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 633-7
    • Qureshi, A.A.1    Ma, F.2
  • 69
    • 33646089913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of topical calcineurin inhibitors in dermatology: Safety concerns. Report of the American Academy of Dermatology Association Task Force
    • American Academy of Dermatology Association Task Force
    • American Academy of Dermatology Association Task Force. The use of topical calcineurin inhibitors in dermatology: safety concerns. Report of the American Academy of Dermatology Association Task Force. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: 818-23
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. 818-23
  • 70
    • 23844529653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on the safety profile of topical calcineurin inhibitors
    • Bieber T, Cork M, Ellis C, et al. Consensus statement on the safety profile of topical calcineurin inhibitors. Dermatology 2005; 211: 77-8
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 77-8
    • Bieber, T.1    Cork, M.2    Ellis, C.3
  • 71
    • 33749996464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A safety assessment of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis
    • Lebwohl M, Gower T. A safety assessment of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Med Gen Med 2006; 8: 8
    • (2006) Med Gen Med , vol.8 , pp. 8
    • Lebwohl, M.1    Gower, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.