A new tool for assessing context conditioning induced by US-unpredictability in humans: The Martians task restyled

Learning and Motivation

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-12

  Meulders, Ann ^a   Vervliet, Bram ^a,b   Vansteenwegen, Debora ^a   Hermans, Dirk ^a   Baeyens, Frank ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Biologically non significant; Conditioned suppression; Context conditioning; Human; Instructional US; Unpredictability

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649629727     PISSN: 00239690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2010.04.001     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arcediano F., Ortega N., Matute H. A behavioural preparation for the study of human Pavlovian conditioning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1996, 49:270-283.
2. Baas J.M., Nugent M., Lissek S., Pine D., Grillon C. Fear conditioning in virtual reality contexts: A new tool for the study of anxiety. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 55:1056-1060.
3. Badia P., Harsh J., Abbott B. Choosing between predictable and unpredictable shock conditions: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin 1979, 86:1107-1131.
4. Baeyens F., Clarysse J. Martians for Windows™95 [Computer Program] 1998, University of Leuven, Leuven.
5. Baeyens F., Vervliet B., Vansteenwegen D., Hermans D., Beckers T., Eelen P. Simultaneous and sequential feature negative discriminations: Elemental learning and occasion setting in human Pavlovian conditioning. Learning and Motivation 2004, 35:136-166.
6. Baeyens F., Vansteenwegen D., Beckers T., Hermans D., Kerkhof I., De Ceulaer A. Extinction and renewal of pavlovian modulation in human sequential feature positive discrimination learning. Learning and Memory 2005, 12:178-192.
7. Balsam P.D., Tomie A. Context and learning 1985, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
8. Bouton M.E. Differential control by context in the inflation and reinstatement paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 1984, 10:56-74.
9. Bouton M.E. Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: Sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 52:976-986.
10. Craske M.G., Glover D., DeCola J. Predicted versus unpredicted panic attacks: Acute versus general distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:214-223.
11. De Houwer J., Beckers T. A review of recent developments in research and theories on human contingency learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2002, 55:289-310.
12. Dickinson A. Contemporary animal learning theory 1980, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
13. Fanselow M.S. Signaled shock-free periods and preference for signaled shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 1980, 6:65-80.
14. Fanselow M.S. Extinction of contextual fear and preference for signaled shock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1980, 16:458-460.
15. Fonteyne R., Vervliet B., Hermans D., Baeyens F., Vansteenwegen D. Reducing generalized anxiety by making the threatening event predictable: An experimental approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2009, 47:830-839.
16. Furedy J.J., Doob A.N. Autonomic responses and verbal reports in further tests of the preparatory-adaptive-response interpretation of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1971, 89:258-264.
17. Grillon C. Associative learning deficits increase symptoms of anxiety in humans. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 51:851-858.
18. Grillon C., Ameli R. Conditioned inhibition of fear-potentiated startle and skin conductance in humans. Psychophysiology 2001, 38:807-815.
19. Grillon C., Baas J., Lissek S., Smith K., Milstein J. Anxious responses to predictable and unpredictable aversive events. Behavioral Neuroscience 2004, 118:916-924.
20. Grillon C., Baas J.M., Cornwell B., Johnson L. Context conditioning and behavioral avoidance in a virtual reality environment: Effect of predictability. Biological Psychiatry 2006, 60:752-759.
21. Havermans R.C., Keuker J., Lataster T., Jansen A. Contextual control of extinguished conditioned performance in humans. Learning and Motivation 2005, 36:1-19.
22. Iberico C., Vansteenwegen D., Vervliet D., Dirikx T., Marescau V., Hermans D. The development of cued versus contextual conditioning in a predictable and an unpredictable human fear conditioning preparation. Acta Psychologica 2008, 127:593-600.
23. Lachnit H. Transswitching and contextual conditioning. Relevant aspects of time. The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 1986, 21:160-172.
24. Lejuez C.W., Eifert G.H., Zvolensky M.J., Richards J.B. Preference between onset predictable and unpredictable administrations of 20% carbon-dioxide-enriched air: Implications for better understanding the etiology and treatment of panic disorder. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 2000, 6:349-358.
25. Mineka S., Cook M., Miller S. Fear conditioned with escapable and inescapable shock: The effects of feedback stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 1984, 10:307-323.
26. Neumann D.L. The effects of physical context changes and multiple extinction contexts on two forms of renewal in a conditioned suppression task with humans. Learning and Motivation 2006, 37:149-175.
27. Odling-Smee F.J. The role of background stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1975, 27:201-209.
28. Pavlov I. Conditioned reflexes 1927, Clarendon Press, London.
29. Pineño O., Miller R.R. Comparing associative, statistical, and inferential reasoning accounts of human contingency learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2007, 60:310-329.
30. Rescorla R.A., Wagner A.R. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. Classical conditioning II 1972, 64-99. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. A.H. Black, W.F. Prokasy (Eds.).
31. Rossellini R., Warren D., DeCola J. Predictability and uncontrollability: Differential effects upon contextual fear. Learning and Motivation 1987, 18:392-490.
32. Seligman M.E.P. Chronic fear produced by unpredictable shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1968, 72:546-550.
33. Seligman M., Binik Y. The safety signal hypothesis. Operant Pavlovian interactions 1977, 165-188. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. H. Davis, H. Hurwiwtz (Eds.).
34. Shanks D.R. Learning: From association to cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 2010, 61:273-301.
35. Street L.L., Craske M.G., Barlow D.H. Sensations, cognitions and the perception of cues associated with expected and unexpected panic attacks. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1989, 27:189-198.
36. Taylor J., Carlson S.R., Iacono W.G., Lykken D.T., McGue M. Individual differences in electrodermal responsivity to predictable aversive stimuli and substance dependence. Psychophysiology 1999, 36:193-198.
37. Vansteenwegen D., Iberico C., Vervliet B., Marescau V., Hermans D. Contextual fear induced by unpredictability in a human fear conditioning preparation is related to the chronic expectation of a threatening US. Biological Psychology 2008, 77:39-46.
38. Vogeltanz N., Hecker J.E. The roles of neuroticism and controllability/predictability in physiological response to aversive stimuli. Personality and Individual Differences 1999, 27:599-612.
39. Zvolensky M.J., Lejuez C.W., Eifert G.H. Prediction and control: Operational definitions for the experimental analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2000, 38:653-663.