Thermoregulation during flight: Body temperature and sensible heat transfer in free-ranging Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis)

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 885-897

  Reichard, Jonathan D ^a   Fellows, Spenser R ^a   Frank, Alexander J ^a   Kunz, Thomas H ^a  

^a USA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCLIMATION; BAT; BIOENERGETICS; BODY TEMPERATURE; CLOUD COVER; EMERGENCE; ENERGY DISSIPATION; EVAPORATION; FLIGHT; HEAT BUDGET; ROOSTING; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; THERMOREGULATION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BAT; BODY TEMPERATURE; FEMALE; FLYING; FORELIMB; HISTOLOGY; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMOREGULATION; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; BODY TEMPERATURE; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; CHIROPTERA; CONVECTION; FEMALE; FLIGHT, ANIMAL; MALE; TEXAS; WING;

TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS;

EID: 78649535922     PISSN: 15222152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/657253     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Allen L.C., C.S. Richardson, G.F. McCracken, and T.H. Kunz. 2010. Birth size and postnatal growth in cave- and bridgeroosting Brazilian free-tailed bats. J Zool (Lond) 280:8-16.
2. Bakken G.S. 1976. A heat transfer analysis of animals: unifying concepts and the application of metabolism chamber data to field ecology. J Therm Biol 60:337-384.
3. Bartholomew G.A., P. Leitner, and J.E. Nelson. 1964. Body temperature, oxygen consumption, and heart rate in three species of Australian flying foxes. Physiol Zool 37:179-198.
4. Best T.L. and K.N. Geluso. 2003. Summer foraging range of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) from Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico. Southwest Nat 48:590-596.
5. Betke M., D.E. Hirsch, N.C. Makris, G.F. McCracken, M. Procopio, N.I. Hristov, S. Teng, et al. 2008. Thermal imaging reveals significantly smaller Brazilian free-tailed bat colonies than previously estimated. J Mammal 89:18-24.
6. Butler P.J. 2004. Metabolic regulation in diving birds andmammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 141:297-315.
7. Canals J.G., M. Rosenmann, and F. Bozinovic. 1997. Geometrical aspects of the energetic effectiveness of huddling in small mammals. Acta Theriol 42:321-328.
8. Carpenter R.E. 1986. Flight physiology of intermediate-sized fruit bats (Pteropodidae). J Exp Biol 120:79-103.
9. Cowles R.B. 1947. Vascular changes in the wings of bats. Science 105:362-363.
10. Crowley G.V. and L.S. Hall. 1994. Histological observations on the wing of the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Aust J Zool 42:215-231.
11. Gannon W.L., R.S. Sikes, and the Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists. 2007. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. J Mammal 88:809-823.
12. Gates D.M. 1980. Biophysical Ecology. Springer, New York.
13. Gordon M.S. 1968. Animal Function: Principles and Adaptations. Macmillan, New York.
14. Henshaw R. 1970. Thermoregulation in bats. Pp. 188-232 in B. Slaughter and D. Walton, eds. About Bats. Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas.
15. Herreid C.F., II. 1963. Temperature regulation and metabolism in Mexican free-tailed bats. Science 142:1573-1574.
16. Herreid C.F., II, and K. Schmidt-Nielsen. 1966. Oxygen consumption, temperature, and water loss in bats from different environments. Am J Physiol 211:1108-1112.
17. Holman J.P. 1986. Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill, New York.
18. Hristov N.I., M. Betke, D.E.H. Theriault, A. Bagchi, and T.H. Kunz. 2010. Seasonal variation in colony size of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Cavern using thermal imaging. J Mammal 91:183-192.
19. Keeley A.T.H. and B.W. Keeley. 2004. The mating system of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in a large highway bridge colony. J Mammal 85:113-119.
20. Klir J.J. and J.E. Heath. 1992. An infrared thermographic study of surface temperature in relation to external thermal stress in three species of foxes: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), and kit fox (Vulpes macrotis). Physiol Zool 65:1011-1021.
21. Kluger M.J. and J.E. Heath. 1970. Vasomotion in the bat wing: a thermoregulatory response to internal heating. Comp Biochem Physiol 32:219-226.
22. Król E. and J.R. Speakman. 2003. Limits to sustained energy intake. VII. Milk energy output in laboratory mice in thermoneutrality. J Exp Biol 206:4267-4281.
23. Kunz T.H. 1982. Roosting ecology of bats. Pp. 3-55 in T.H. Kunz, ed. Ecology of Bats. Plenum, New York.
24. Kunz T.H. and L.F. Lumsden. 2003. Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. Pp. 3-89 in T.H. Kunz and M.B. Fenton, eds. Bat Ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
25. Kunz T.H. and D.S. Reynolds. 2003. Bat colonies in buildings. Pp. 91-102 in T.J. O'Shea and M.A. Bogan, eds. Monitoring Trends in Bat Populations of the United States and Territories: Problems and Prospects. Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2003-0003. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline, Washington, DC.
26. Kunz T.H. and S.K. Robson. 1995. Postnatal growth and development in the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis: size at birth, age estimation, and growth rates. JMammal 76:769-783.
27. Kunz T.H., J.O. Whitaker Jr., and M.D.Wadanoli. 1995. Dietary energetics of the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) during pregnancy and lactation. Oecologia 101:107-115.
28. Lancaster W.C., S.C. Thomson, and J.R. Speakman. 1997. Wing temperature in flying bats measured by infrared thermography. J Therm Biol 22:109-116.
29. Léger J. and J. Larochelle. 2006. On the importance of radiative heat exchange during nocturnal flight in birds. J Exp Biol 209:103-114.
30. Licht P. and P. Leitner. 1967. Behavioral responses to high temperatures in three species of California bats. J Mammal 48: 52-61.
31. Mauck B., K. Bilgmann, D.D. Jones, U. Eysel, and G. Dehnhardt. 2003. Thermal windows on the trunk of hauled-out seals: hot spots for thermoregulatory evaporation? J Exp Biol 206:1727-1738.
32. McCafferty D.J. 2007. The value of infrared thermography for research on mammals: previous applications and future directions. Mammal Rev 37:207-223.
33. McCafferty D.J., J.B. Moncrieff, I.R. Taylor, and G.F. Boddie. 1998. The use of IR thermography to measure the radiative temperature and heat loss of a barn owl (Tyto alba). J Therm Biol 23:311-318.
34. McCracken G.F. 2003. Estimates of population sizes in summer colonies of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis). Pp. 21-30 in T.J. O'Shea and M.A. Bogan, eds. Monitoring Trends in Bat Populations of the United States and Territories: Problems and Prospects. Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2003-0003. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline, Washington, DC.
35. McCracken G.F., E.H. Gillam, J.K. Westbrook, Y.-F. Lee, M.L. Jensen, and B.B. Balsley. 2008. Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis: Molossidae, Chiroptera) at high altitude: links to migratory insect populations. Integr Comp Biol 48: 107-118.
36. McCracken G.F. and M. Gustin. 1991. Nursing behavior in Mexican free-tailed bat maternity colonies. Ethology 89:305-321.
37. Monteith J.L. and M.H. Unsworth. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics. 2nd ed. Edward Arnold, London.
38. Moore J.G. 1956. The tropospheric temperature lapse rate. Meteorol Atmos Phys 9:468-470.
39. Munn A.J., P.S. Barboza, and J. Dehn. 2009. Sensible heat loss from muskoxen (Ovibus moschatus) feeding in winter: small calves are not at a thermal disadvantage compared with adult cows. Physiol Biochem Zool 82:455-467.
40. Muñoz-Garcia A., R.M. Cox, and J.B. Williams. 2008. Phenotypic flexibility in cutaneous water loss and lipids of the stratum corneum in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) following acclimation to high and low humidity. Phys Biochem Zool 81:87-96.
41. Nelson Z.C., J.R. Hirshfeld, D.O. Scheiweis, and M.J. O'Farrell. 1977. Flight muscle contraction in relation to ambient temperature in some species of desert bats. Comp Biochem Physiol A 56:31-36.
42. Ochoa-Acuña H. and T.H. Kunz. 1998. Thermoregulatory behavior in a small island flying fox, Pteropus hypomelanus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). J Therm Biol 24:15-20.
43. O'Farrell M.J. and G.W. Bradley. 1977. Comparative thermal relationships of flight for some bats in the southwestern United States. Comp Biochem Physiol A 58:223-227.
44. Phillips P.K. and J.E. Heath. 1995. Dependency of surface temperature regulation on body size in terrestrial mammals. J Therm Biol 20:281-289.
45. Racey P.A. and S.M. Swift. 1981. Variations in gestation length in a colony of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) from year to year. J Reprod Fertil 61:123-129.
46. Reeder W.G. and R.B. Cowles. 1951. Aspects of thermoregulation in bats. J Mammal 32:389-403.
47. Reichard J.D., L.E. Gonzalez, C.M. Casey, L.C. Allen, N.I. Hristov, and T.H. Kunz. 2009. Evening emergence behavior and seasonal dynamics in large colonies of Brazilian free-tailed bats. J Mammal 90:1478-1486.
48. Reichard J.D., S.I. Prajapati, S.N. Austad, C. Keller, and T.H. Kunz. 2010. Thermal windows on Brazilian free-tailed bats facilitate thermoregulation during prolonged flight. Integr Comp Biol 50:358-370.
49. Ruck A.D. 1946. Gliding in bats. Nature 157:304.
50. Schmidt-Nielsen K. 1997. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
51. Scott G.R., V. Cadena, G.J. Tattersall, and W.K. Milsom. 2008. Body temperature depression and peripheral heat loss accompany the metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in low and high altitude birds. J Exp Biol 211:1326-1335.
52. Soriano P.J., A. Ruiz, and A. Arends. 2002. Physiological responses to ambient temperature manipulation by three species of bats from Andean cloud forests. J Mammal 83:445-457.
53. Speakman J.R., G.C. Hays, and P.I.Webb. 1994. Is hyperthermia a constraint on the diurnal activity of bats? J Theor Biol 171: 325-341.
54. Speakman J.R. and P.A. Racey. 1989. Hibernal ecology of the pipistrelle bat: energy expenditure, water requirements and mass loss, implications for survival and the function of winter emergence flights. J Anim Ecol 58:797-813.
55. Speakman J.R. and D.W. Thomas. 2003. Physiological ecology and energetics of bats. Pp. 430-492 in T.H. Kunz and M.B. Fenton, eds. Bat Ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
56. Stones R.C. and J.E. Wiebers. 1965. A review of temperature regulation in bats (Chiroptera). Am Midl Nat 74:155-167.
57. Suthers R.A., S.P. Thomas, and B.J. Suthers. 1972. Respiration, wing-beat and ultrasonic pulse emission in an echo-locating bat. J Exp Biol 56:37-48.
58. Swartz S. 1998. Skin and bones: functional, architectural, and mechanical differentiation in the bat wing. Pp. 109-126 in T.H. Kunz and P.A. Racey, eds. Bat Biology and Conservation. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
59. Swinbank W.C. 1963. Long-wave radiation from clear skies. Q J R Meteorol Soc 89:339-348.
60. Tattersall G.J., D.V. Andrade, and A.S. Abe. 2009. Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator. Science 325:468-470.
61. Thomas S.P., D.B. Follette, and A.T. Farabaugh. 1991. Influence of air temperature on ventilation rates and thermoregulation of a flying bat. Am J Physiol 260:R960-R968.
62. Thomas S.P. and R.A. Suthers. 1972. The physiology and energetics of bat flight. J Exp Biol 57:317-335.
63. Thomson S.C., A.P. Brooke, and J.R. Speakman. 2002. Soaring behaviour in the Samoan flying fox (Pteropus samoensis). J Zool (Lond) 256:55-62.
64. Vaughan T.A. 1966. Morphology and flight characteristics of molossid bats. J Mammal 47:249-260.
65. Ward S., U. Möller, J.M.V. Rayner, D.M. Jackson, W. Nachtigall, and J.R. Speakman. 2004. Metabolic power of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris during flight in a wind tunnel, estimated from heat transfer modeling, doubly labelled water and mask respirometry. J Exp Biol 207:4291-4298.
66. Ward S., J.M.V. Rayner, U. Möller, D.M. Jackson, W. Nachtigall, and J.R. Speakman. 1999. Heat transfer from starlings Sturnus vulgaris during flight. J Exp Biol 202:1589-1602.
67. Webb P.I., J.R. Speakman, and P.A. Racey. 1993. The implications of small reductions in body temperature for radiant and convective heat loss in resting endothermic brown longeared bats (Plecotus auritus). J Therm Biol 18:131-135.
68. Webster M.D. and W.W. Weathers. 1990. Heat produced as a by-product of foraging activity contributes to thermoregulation by verdins, Auriparus flaviceps. Physiol Zool 63:777-794.
69. Wilkins K.T. 1989. Tadarida brasiliensis. Mamm Species 331:1-10.
70. Williams T.C., L.C. Ireland, and J.M. Williams. 1973. High altitude flights of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, observed with radar. J Mammal 54:807-821.
71. Wu Z., N.I. Hristov, T.H. Kunz, and M. Betke. 2009. Tracking- reconstruction or reconstruction-tracking? comparison of two multiple hypothesis tracking approaches to interpret 3D object motion from several camera views. IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (WMVC), Snowbird, Utah, December 9, doi:10.1109/WMVC.2009.5399245.
72. Zerba E., A.N. Dana, and M.A. Lucia. 1999. The influence of wind and locomotor activity on surface temperature and energy expenditure of the eastern house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) during cold stress. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:265-276.
73. Zerba E. and G.E. Walsberg. 1992. Exercise-generated heat contributes to thermoregulation by Gambel's quail in the cold. J Exp Biol 171:409-422.