메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 217, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 536-573

Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature of tetrapods with special attention to extant limbed amphibians and reptiles

Author keywords

Amphibians; Anatomy; Evolution; Homologies; Pectoral and forelimb muscles; Reptiles; Tetrapods

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIA; ARM MUSCLE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; DELTOID MUSCLE; EVOLUTIONARY HOMOLOGY; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FLEXOR MUSCLE; FORELIMB; HAND MUSCLE; LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; PECTORAL MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIUS; REPTILE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; ULNA;

EID: 78649402496     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01278.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 33645123235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative myology of the forelimb of Liolaemus sand lizards (Liolaemidae)
    • Abdala V, Moro S (2006) Comparative myology of the forelimb of Liolaemus sand lizards (Liolaemidae). Acta Zool 87, 1-12.
    • (2006) Acta Zool , vol.87 , pp. 1-12
    • Abdala, V.1    Moro, S.2
  • 2
    • 48449105716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distal forelimb musculature in aquatic and terrestrial turtles: phylogeny or environmental constraints?
    • Abdala V, Manzano AS, Herrel A (2008) The distal forelimb musculature in aquatic and terrestrial turtles: phylogeny or environmental constraints? J Anat 213, 159-172.
    • (2008) J Anat , vol.213 , pp. 159-172
    • Abdala, V.1    Manzano, A.S.2    Herrel, A.3
  • 3
    • 40549087440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative test of primary homology
    • Agnarsson I, Coddington JA (2007) Quantitative test of primary homology. Cladistics 23, 1-11.
    • (2007) Cladistics , vol.23 , pp. 1-11
    • Agnarsson, I.1    Coddington, J.A.2
  • 4
    • 0002400973 scopus 로고
    • Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles
    • Benton MJ (1985) Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles. Zool J Linn Soc 84, 97-164.
    • (1985) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.84 , pp. 97-164
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 6
    • 65449186349 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the muscles on the extensor aspect of the middle and distal segments of the limbs: with an account of the various paths which are adopted by the nerve-trunks in these segments
    • Brooks HSJ (1889) Morphology of the muscles on the extensor aspect of the middle and distal segments of the limbs: with an account of the various paths which are adopted by the nerve-trunks in these segments. Stud Mus Zool Univ Coll Dundee 1, 1-17.
    • (1889) Stud Mus Zool Univ Coll Dundee , vol.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Brooks, H.S.J.1
  • 7
    • 0002094102 scopus 로고
    • Surgery of the intrinsic muscles of the hand other than those producing opposition of the thumb
    • Bunnell S (1942) Surgery of the intrinsic muscles of the hand other than those producing opposition of the thumb. J Bone Joint Surg Am 24, 1-31.
    • (1942) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.24 , pp. 1-31
    • Bunnell, S.1
  • 8
    • 0002177043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pointing the way: the distribution and evolution of some characters of the finger muscles of frogs
    • Burton TC (1998) Pointing the way: the distribution and evolution of some characters of the finger muscles of frogs. Am Mus Nov 3229, 1-13.
    • (1998) Am Mus Nov , vol.3229 , pp. 1-13
    • Burton, T.C.1
  • 9
    • 0034707202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic position of turtles among amniotes: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genes
    • Cao Y, Sorenson MD, Kumazawa Y, et al. (2000) Phylogenetic position of turtles among amniotes: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Gene 259, 139-148.
    • (2000) Gene , vol.259 , pp. 139-148
    • Cao, Y.1    Sorenson, M.D.2    Kumazawa, Y.3
  • 10
    • 34249688274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Paleozoic ancestry of salamanders, frogs and caecilians
    • Carroll RL (2007) The Paleozoic ancestry of salamanders, frogs and caecilians. Zool J Linn Soc 150, 1-140.
    • (2007) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.150 , pp. 1-140
    • Carroll, R.L.1
  • 11
    • 48549093760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and systematics of Squamata (Reptilia) based on morphology
    • Conrad JL (2008) Phylogeny and systematics of Squamata (Reptilia) based on morphology. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 310, 1-182.
    • (2008) Bull Am Mus Nat Hist , vol.310 , pp. 1-182
    • Conrad, J.L.1
  • 12
    • 13844312270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ancestor's Tale, A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life
    • Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    • Dawkins R (2004) The Ancestor's Tale, A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    • (2004)
    • Dawkins, R.1
  • 13
    • 0031287772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles
    • De Braga M, Rieppel O (1997) Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles. Zool J Linn Soc 120, 281-354.
    • (1997) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.120 , pp. 281-354
    • De Braga, M.1    Rieppel, O.2
  • 14
    • 0034653354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana
    • Dilkes DW (2000) Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci 90, 87-125.
    • (2000) Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci , vol.90 , pp. 87-125
    • Dilkes, D.W.1
  • 15
    • 28844443762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological evolution, aptations, homoplasies, constraints, and evolutionary trends: catfishes as a case study on general phylogeny and macroevolution
    • Enfield: Science Publishers.
    • Diogo R (2004a) Morphological evolution, aptations, homoplasies, constraints, and evolutionary trends: catfishes as a case study on general phylogeny and macroevolution. Enfield: Science Publishers.
    • (2004)
    • Diogo, R.1
  • 16
    • 11944260216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscles versus bones: catfishes as a case study for an analysis on the contribution of myological and osteological structures in phylogenetic reconstructions
    • Diogo R (2004b) Muscles versus bones: catfishes as a case study for an analysis on the contribution of myological and osteological structures in phylogenetic reconstructions. Anim Biol 54, 373-391.
    • (2004) Anim Biol , vol.54 , pp. 373-391
    • Diogo, R.1
  • 17
    • 41149166668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin and evolution of higher-clades: osteology, myology, phylogeny and macroevolution of bony fishes and the rise of tetrapods
    • Enfield: Science Publishers.
    • Diogo R (2007) On the origin and evolution of higher-clades: osteology, myology, phylogeny and macroevolution of bony fishes and the rise of tetrapods. Enfield: Science Publishers.
    • (2007)
    • Diogo, R.1
  • 18
    • 53149093383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: a new insight
    • Diogo R (2008) Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: a new insight. Anim Biol 58, 123-172.
    • (2008) Anim Biol , vol.58 , pp. 123-172
    • Diogo, R.1
  • 19
    • 58549096508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The head musculature of the Philippine colugo (Dermoptera: Cynocephalus volans), with a comparison to tree-shrews, primates and other mammals
    • Diogo R (2009) The head musculature of the Philippine colugo (Dermoptera: Cynocephalus volans), with a comparison to tree-shrews, primates and other mammals. J Morphol 270, 14-51.
    • (2009) J Morphol , vol.270 , pp. 14-51
    • Diogo, R.1
  • 20
    • 34250302984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: a new insight
    • Diogo R, Abdala V (2007) Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: a new insight. J Morphol 268, 504-517.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 504-517
    • Diogo, R.1    Abdala, V.2
  • 21
    • 77956130815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative anatomy and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature of primates: a new insight
    • Diogo R, Wood BA (2009) Comparative anatomy and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature of primates: a new insight. Am J Phys Anthropol, Meeting Suppl 48, 119.
    • (2009) Am J Phys Anthropol, Meeting Suppl , vol.48 , pp. 119
    • Diogo, R.1    Wood, B.A.2
  • 22
    • 41149147607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles in the zebrafish: homologies and evolution of these muscles within bony fishes and tetrapods
    • Diogo R, Hinits Y, Hughes SM (2008a) Development of mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles in the zebrafish: homologies and evolution of these muscles within bony fishes and tetrapods. BMC Dev Biol 8, 24-46.
    • (2008) BMC Dev Biol , vol.8 , pp. 24-46
    • Diogo, R.1    Hinits, Y.2    Hughes, S.M.3
  • 23
    • 53149109000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From fish to modern humans - comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the head and neck musculature
    • Diogo R, Abdala V, Lonergan N, et al. (2008b) From fish to modern humans - comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the head and neck musculature. J Anat 213, 391-424.
    • (2008) J Anat , vol.213 , pp. 391-424
    • Diogo, R.1    Abdala, V.2    Lonergan, N.3
  • 24
    • 65449158400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From fish to modern humans - comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature
    • Diogo R, Abdala V, Lonergan N, et al. (2009a) From fish to modern humans - comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature. J Anat 214, 694-716.
    • (2009) J Anat , vol.214 , pp. 694-716
    • Diogo, R.1    Abdala, V.2    Lonergan, N.3
  • 25
    • 69249221503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin, homologies and evolution of primate facial muscles, with a particular focus on hominoids and a suggested unifying nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia
    • Diogo R, Wood BA, Aziz MA, et al. (2009b) On the origin, homologies and evolution of primate facial muscles, with a particular focus on hominoids and a suggested unifying nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia. J Anat 215, 300-319.
    • (2009) J Anat , vol.215 , pp. 300-319
    • Diogo, R.1    Wood, B.A.2    Aziz, M.A.3
  • 26
    • 0003911031 scopus 로고
    • The Biology of Amphibians
    • New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
    • Duellman WE, Trueb L (1986) The Biology of Amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
    • (1986)
    • Duellman, W.E.1    Trueb, L.2
  • 27
    • 0004117358 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the Frog
    • Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • Ecker A (1889) Anatomy of the Frog. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • (1889)
    • Ecker, A.1
  • 28
    • 0004293303 scopus 로고
    • The cranial muscles of vertebrates
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Edgeworth FH (1935) The cranial muscles of vertebrates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1935)
    • Edgeworth, F.H.1
  • 29
    • 0043113589 scopus 로고
    • Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln - 3 teil, capitel IV, Saurier und Crocodile
    • Fürbringer M (1876) Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln - 3 teil, capitel IV, Saurier und Crocodile. Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 1, 636-816.
    • (1876) Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb , vol.1 , pp. 636-816
    • Fürbringer, M.1
  • 30
    • 0037222866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An old controversy solved: bird embryos have five fingers
    • Galis F, Kundrát M, Sinervo B (2003) An old controversy solved: bird embryos have five fingers. Trends Ecol Evol 18, 7-9.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 7-9
    • Galis, F.1    Kundrát, M.2    Sinervo, B.3
  • 31
    • 21244438425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hox genes, digiti identities and the theropod/bird transition
    • Galis F, Kundrát M, Metz JAJ (2005) Hox genes, digiti identities and the theropod/bird transition. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 304, 198-205.
    • (2005) J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol , vol.304 , pp. 198-205
    • Galis, F.1    Kundrát, M.2    Metz, J.A.J.3
  • 32
    • 0024258114 scopus 로고
    • Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils
    • Gauthier J, Kluge AG, Rowe T (1988) Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils. Cladistics 4, 105-209.
    • (1988) Cladistics , vol.4 , pp. 105-209
    • Gauthier, J.1    Kluge, A.G.2    Rowe, T.3
  • 33
    • 0003448329 scopus 로고
    • A. Ecker's und R. Wiedersheim's Anatomie des Frosches, part 1
    • Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn.
    • Gaupp E (1896) A. Ecker's und R. Wiedersheim's Anatomie des Frosches, part 1. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn.
    • (1896)
    • Gaupp, E.1
  • 34
    • 0141821787 scopus 로고
    • Atlas de Anatomía de las Aves Domésticas
    • Madrid: Editorial Acribia.
    • Ghetie V, Chitescu ST, Cotofan V, et al. (1981) Atlas de Anatomía de las Aves Domésticas. Madrid: Editorial Acribia.
    • (1981)
    • Ghetie, V.1    Chitescu, S.T.2    Cotofan, V.3
  • 35
    • 0015101345 scopus 로고
    • Development of the primordia of the latissimus dorsi muscle of chicken
    • Grim M (1971) Development of the primordia of the latissimus dorsi muscle of chicken. Folia Morphol (Prague) 19, 252-258.
    • (1971) Folia Morphol (Prague) , vol.19 , pp. 252-258
    • Grim, M.1
  • 36
    • 0009857277 scopus 로고
    • A revision of the extensor muscles of the forearm in tetrapods
    • Haines RW (1939) A revision of the extensor muscles of the forearm in tetrapods. J Anat 73, 211-233.
    • (1939) J Anat , vol.73 , pp. 211-233
    • Haines, R.W.1
  • 37
    • 0002482899 scopus 로고
    • The flexor muscles of the forearm and hand in lizards and mammals
    • Haines RW (1950) The flexor muscles of the forearm and hand in lizards and mammals. J Anat 84, 13-29.
    • (1950) J Anat , vol.84 , pp. 13-29
    • Haines, R.W.1
  • 38
    • 66249105683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and clinical significance of the musculus dorsoepitrochlearis in men
    • Haninec P, Tomás R, Kaiser R, et al. (2009) Development and clinical significance of the musculus dorsoepitrochlearis in men. Clin Anat 22, 481-488.
    • (2009) Clin Anat , vol.22 , pp. 481-488
    • Haninec, P.1    Tomás, R.2    Kaiser, R.3
  • 39
    • 0033548225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular phylogeny of reptiles
    • Hedges SB, Poling LL (1999) A molecular phylogeny of reptiles. Science 283, 998-1001.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 998-1001
    • Hedges, S.B.1    Poling, L.L.2
  • 40
    • 17844386020 scopus 로고
    • Histochemical studies on the amphibian opercularis muscle (Amphibia)
    • Hetherington TE, Tugaoen JR (1990) Histochemical studies on the amphibian opercularis muscle (Amphibia). Zoomorphology 109, 273-279.
    • (1990) Zoomorphology , vol.109 , pp. 273-279
    • Hetherington, T.E.1    Tugaoen, J.R.2
  • 41
    • 25144465875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of morphological data sets for phylogenetic analysis of Amniota: the importance of the integumentary characters and increased taxonomic sampling
    • Hill RV (2005) Integration of morphological data sets for phylogenetic analysis of Amniota: the importance of the integumentary characters and increased taxonomic sampling. Sys Bio 54, 530-547.
    • (2005) Sys Bio , vol.54 , pp. 530-547
    • Hill, R.V.1
  • 42
    • 73249148074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy
    • Holliday CM. (2009) New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy. Anat Rec 292, 1246-1265.
    • (2009) Anat Rec , vol.292 , pp. 1246-1265
    • Holliday, C.M.1
  • 43
    • 34250303394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archosaur adductor chamber evolution: integration of musculoskeletal and topological criteria in jaw muscle homology
    • Holliday CM, Witmer LM. (2007) Archosaur adductor chamber evolution: integration of musculoskeletal and topological criteria in jaw muscle homology. J Morphol 268, 457-484.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 457-484
    • Holliday, C.M.1    Witmer, L.M.2
  • 44
    • 0017342394 scopus 로고
    • The osteology and musculature of the pectoral limb of small captorhinids
    • Holmes R (1977) The osteology and musculature of the pectoral limb of small captorhinids. J Morphol 152, 101-140.
    • (1977) J Morphol , vol.152 , pp. 101-140
    • Holmes, R.1
  • 45
    • 33646208607 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part III - Amphibia
    • Howell AB (1935) Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part III - Amphibia. Q Rev Biol 10, 397-431.
    • (1935) Q Rev Biol , vol.10 , pp. 397-431
    • Howell, A.B.1
  • 46
    • 33644772811 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part IV - Reptilia
    • Howell AB (1936a) Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part IV - Reptilia. Q Rev Biol 11, 183-208.
    • (1936) Q Rev Biol , vol.11 , pp. 183-208
    • Howell, A.B.1
  • 47
    • 0009641222 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the distal musculature of the pectoral appendage
    • Howell AB (1936b) Phylogeny of the distal musculature of the pectoral appendage. J Morphol 60, 287-315.
    • (1936) J Morphol , vol.60 , pp. 287-315
    • Howell, A.B.1
  • 48
    • 0142036052 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part V - Monotremata
    • Howell AB (1937a) Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part V - Monotremata. Q Rev Biol 12, 191-205.
    • (1937) Q Rev Biol , vol.12 , pp. 191-205
    • Howell, A.B.1
  • 49
    • 0011399977 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part IV - Therian Mammalia
    • Howell AB (1937b) Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part IV - Therian Mammalia. Q Rev Biol 12, 440-463.
    • (1937) Q Rev Biol , vol.12 , pp. 440-463
    • Howell, A.B.1
  • 50
    • 0001162207 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the wing and leg muscles of Tinamous (Tinamidae)
    • Hudson GE, Schreiweis DO, Wang SYC (1972) A numerical study of the wing and leg muscles of Tinamous (Tinamidae). Northwest Sci 46, 207-255.
    • (1972) Northwest Sci , vol.46 , pp. 207-255
    • Hudson, G.E.1    Schreiweis, D.O.2    Wang, S.Y.C.3
  • 51
    • 78649430304 scopus 로고
    • Observations in Myology - the Myology of Cryptobranch, Lepidosiren, Dog-fish, Ceratodus, and Pseudopus palasii, with the Nerves of Cryptobranch and Lepidorsiren and the Disposition of Muscles in Vertebrate Animals
    • Cambridge: Macmillan & Co.
    • Humphry GM (1872a) Observations in Myology - the Myology of Cryptobranch, Lepidosiren, Dog-fish, Ceratodus, and Pseudopus palasii, with the Nerves of Cryptobranch and Lepidorsiren and the Disposition of Muscles in Vertebrate Animals. Cambridge: Macmillan & Co.
    • (1872)
    • Humphry, G.M.1
  • 52
    • 0005968178 scopus 로고
    • The disposition of muscles in Vertebrate animals
    • Humphry GM (1872b) The disposition of muscles in Vertebrate animals. J Anat Physiol 6, 293-376.
    • (1872) J Anat Physiol , vol.6 , pp. 293-376
    • Humphry, G.M.1
  • 53
    • 0004256664 scopus 로고
    • Chordate Morphology
    • New York: Reinhold.
    • Jollie M (1962) Chordate Morphology. New York: Reinhold.
    • (1962)
    • Jollie, M.1
  • 54
    • 78649396348 scopus 로고
    • Traité de Zoologie XVI, 3
    • ed. Grassé PP) - Paris: Masson et Cie.
    • Jouffroy FK (1971) Musculature des membres. In Traité de Zoologie XVI, 3 (ed. Grassé PP), pp. 1-475. Paris: Masson et Cie.
    • (1971) Musculature des membres , pp. 1-475
    • Jouffroy, F.K.1
  • 56
    • 0004121797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution
    • (3rd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • Kardong KV (2002) Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (3rd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (2002)
    • Kardong, K.V.1
  • 57
    • 0344801373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy - A Laboratory Dissection Guide
    • New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • Kardong KV, Zalisko EJ (1998) Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy - A Laboratory Dissection Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998)
    • Kardong, K.V.1    Zalisko, E.J.2
  • 58
    • 0029828103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhombencephalic neural crest segmentation is preserved throughout craniofacial ontogeny
    • Köntges G, Lumsden A (1996) Rhombencephalic neural crest segmentation is preserved throughout craniofacial ontogeny. Development 122, 3229-3242.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 3229-3242
    • Köntges, G.1    Lumsden, A.2
  • 59
    • 60849139024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary chondrification foci in the wing basipodium of Struthio camelus with comments on interpretation of autopodial elements in Crocodilia and Aves
    • Kundrát M (2009) Primary chondrification foci in the wing basipodium of Struthio camelus with comments on interpretation of autopodial elements in Crocodilia and Aves. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 312, 30-41.
    • (2009) J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol , vol.312 , pp. 30-41
    • Kundrát, M.1
  • 60
    • 0004058432 scopus 로고
    • Functional Morphology of the Evolving Hand and Foot
    • Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • Lewis OJ (1989) Functional Morphology of the Evolving Hand and Foot. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • (1989)
    • Lewis, O.J.1
  • 61
    • 71049160330 scopus 로고
    • On the arrangement of the pronator muscles in the limbs of vertebrate animals
    • Macalister A (1869) On the arrangement of the pronator muscles in the limbs of vertebrate animals. J Anat Physiol 3, 335-340.
    • (1869) J Anat Physiol , vol.3 , pp. 335-340
    • Macalister, A.1
  • 62
    • 0033208787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles
    • Mannen H, Li SL (1999) Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles. Mol Phylogenet Evol 13, 144-148.
    • (1999) Mol Phylogenet Evol , vol.13 , pp. 144-148
    • Mannen, H.1    Li, S.L.2
  • 63
    • 78649404360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Análisis de la musculatura de la familia Pseudidae (Amphibia: Anura). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
    • Manzano AS (1996) Análisis de la musculatura de la familia Pseudidae (Amphibia: Anura). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
    • (1996)
    • Manzano, A.S.1
  • 64
    • 50849090585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and function of the forelimb in arboreal frogs: specializations for grasping ability?
    • Manzano AS, Abdala V, Herrel A (2008b) Morphology and function of the forelimb in arboreal frogs: specializations for grasping ability? J Anat 213, 296-307.
    • (2008) J Anat , vol.213 , pp. 296-307
    • Manzano, A.S.1    Abdala, V.2    Herrel, A.3
  • 65
    • 34248140240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteology and myology of the wing of the Emu (Dromarius novaehollandiae), and its bearing on the evolution of vestigial structures
    • Maxwell EE, Larsson HCE (2007) Osteology and myology of the wing of the Emu (Dromarius novaehollandiae), and its bearing on the evolution of vestigial structures. J Morphol 268, 423-441.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 423-441
    • Maxwell, E.E.1    Larsson, H.C.E.2
  • 66
    • 84981805104 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of the forearm flexors
    • McMurrich JP (1903a) The phylogeny of the forearm flexors. Am J Anat 2, 177-209.
    • (1903) Am J Anat , vol.2 , pp. 177-209
    • McMurrich, J.P.1
  • 67
    • 84907142528 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of the palmar musculature
    • McMurrich JP (1903b) The phylogeny of the palmar musculature. Am J Anat 2, 463-500.
    • (1903) Am J Anat , vol.2 , pp. 463-500
    • McMurrich, J.P.1
  • 68
    • 0142011480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crocodylian forelimb musculature and its relevance to Archosauria
    • Meers MB (2003) Crocodylian forelimb musculature and its relevance to Archosauria. Anat Rec 274A, 891-916.
    • (2003) Anat Rec , vol.274 A , pp. 891-916
    • Meers, M.B.1
  • 69
    • 0030032474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the antebrachial musculature in the American Kestrel, Falco sparverius (Aves)
    • Meyers RA (1996) Morphology of the antebrachial musculature in the American Kestrel, Falco sparverius (Aves). Ann Anat 178, 49-60.
    • (1996) Ann Anat , vol.178 , pp. 49-60
    • Meyers, R.A.1
  • 70
    • 14444285555 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the myology of Menopoma alleghaniense
    • Mivart SG (1869) Notes on the myology of Menopoma alleghaniense. Proc Zool Soc Lond 1869, 254-261.
    • (1869) Proc Zool Soc Lond , vol.1869 , pp. 254-261
    • Mivart, S.G.1
  • 71
    • 9644265544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic definition of Reptilia
    • Modesto SP, Anderson JS (2004) The phylogenetic definition of Reptilia. Sys Bio 53, 815-821.
    • (2004) Sys Bio , vol.53 , pp. 815-821
    • Modesto, S.P.1    Anderson, J.S.2
  • 72
    • 33645111407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Análisis descriptivo de la miología flexor y extensora del miembro anterior de Polychrus acutirostris (Squamata, Polychrotidae)
    • Moro S, Abdala V (2004) Análisis descriptivo de la miología flexor y extensora del miembro anterior de Polychrus acutirostris (Squamata, Polychrotidae). Pap Avulsos Zool (São Paulo) 44, 81-89.
    • (2004) Pap Avulsos Zool (São Paulo) , vol.44 , pp. 81-89
    • Moro, S.1    Abdala, V.2
  • 73
    • 0242298129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early loss and multiple return of the lower temporal arcade in diapsid reptiles
    • Müller J (2003) Early loss and multiple return of the lower temporal arcade in diapsid reptiles. Naturwissenschaften 90, 473-476.
    • (2003) Naturwissenschaften , vol.90 , pp. 473-476
    • Müller, J.1
  • 74
    • 33744939698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differentiation and morphogenesis of craniofacial muscles
    • Noden DM, Francis-West P (2006) The differentiation and morphogenesis of craniofacial muscles. Dev Dyn 235, 1194-1218.
    • (2006) Dev Dyn , vol.235 , pp. 1194-1218
    • Noden, D.M.1    Francis-West, P.2
  • 75
    • 0024117869 scopus 로고
    • Homology in classical and molecular biology
    • Patterson C (1988) Homology in classical and molecular biology. Mol Biol Evol 5, 603-625.
    • (1988) Mol Biol Evol , vol.5 , pp. 603-625
    • Patterson, C.1
  • 76
    • 0026313665 scopus 로고
    • Concepts and test of homology in the cladistic paradigm
    • De Pinna MC (1991) Concepts and test of homology in the cladistic paradigm. Cladistics 7, 367-394.
    • (1991) Cladistics , vol.7 , pp. 367-394
    • De Pinna, M.C.1
  • 77
    • 84982074431 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of the cranial muscles of Amblystoma punctatum
    • Piatt J (1938) Morphogenesis of the cranial muscles of Amblystoma punctatum. J Morphol 63, 531-587.
    • (1938) J Morphol , vol.63 , pp. 531-587
    • Piatt, J.1
  • 78
    • 35748979106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular derivatives of the cranialmost somites revealed by long-term fate mapping in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
    • Piekarski N, Olsson L (2007) Muscular derivatives of the cranialmost somites revealed by long-term fate mapping in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Evol Dev 9, 566-578.
    • (2007) Evol Dev , vol.9 , pp. 566-578
    • Piekarski, N.1    Olsson, L.2
  • 79
    • 0142069756 scopus 로고
    • Die distale Armmuskulatur der Amphibien, Reptilien und Säugetiere
    • Ribbing L (1907) Die distale Armmuskulatur der Amphibien, Reptilien und Säugetiere. Zool Jahrb 23, 587-680.
    • (1907) Zool Jahrb , vol.23 , pp. 587-680
    • Ribbing, L.1
  • 80
    • 0000612608 scopus 로고
    • Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere Urban & Schwarzenberg
    • eds, Bolk L, Göppert E, Kallius E, Lubosch W) - Amsterdam: Asher & Co.
    • Ribbing L (1938) Die Muskeln und Nerven der Extremitäten. In Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere Urban & Schwarzenberg (eds Bolk L, Göppert E, Kallius E, Lubosch W), pp. 543-656. Amsterdam: Asher & Co.
    • (1938) Die Muskeln und Nerven der Extremitäten , pp. 543-656
    • Ribbing, L.1
  • 81
    • 0028575089 scopus 로고
    • Osteology of Simosaurus gaillardoti and the relationships of stem-group sauropterygia
    • Rieppel O (1994) Osteology of Simosaurus gaillardoti and the relationships of stem-group sauropterygia. Field Geol 1462, 1-85.
    • (1994) Field Geol , vol.1462 , pp. 1-85
    • Rieppel, O.1
  • 82
    • 0029660251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turtles as diapsid reptiles
    • Rieppel O (2000) Turtles as diapsid reptiles. Nature 384, 453-455.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.384 , pp. 453-455
    • Rieppel, O.1
  • 83
    • 0033381933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin and early evolution of turtles
    • Rieppel O, Reisz RR (1999) The origin and early evolution of turtles. Ann Rev Ecol Sys 30, 1-22.
    • (1999) Ann Rev Ecol Sys , vol.30 , pp. 1-22
    • Rieppel, O.1    Reisz, R.R.2
  • 84
    • 0000937209 scopus 로고
    • The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles
    • Romer AS (1922) The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 46, 517-606.
    • (1922) Bull Am Mus Nat Hist , vol.46 , pp. 517-606
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 85
    • 3042607898 scopus 로고
    • Pectoral limb musculature and shoulder-girdle structure in fish and tetrapods
    • Romer AS (1924) Pectoral limb musculature and shoulder-girdle structure in fish and tetrapods. Anat Rec 27, 119-143.
    • (1924) Anat Rec , vol.27 , pp. 119-143
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 86
    • 84982335076 scopus 로고
    • The development of tetrapod limb musculature - the shoulder region of Lacerta
    • Romer AS (1944) The development of tetrapod limb musculature - the shoulder region of Lacerta. J Morphol 74, 1-41.
    • (1944) J Morphol , vol.74 , pp. 1-41
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 87
    • 78649425386 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic Relationships of Lizard Families: Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp
    • eds, Estes R, Pregill G) - Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • Russell AP (1988) Limb muscles in relation to lizard systematics: a reappraisal. In Phylogenetic Relationships of Lizard Families: Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp (eds Estes R, Pregill G), pp. 119-281. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1988) Limb muscles in relation to lizard systematics: a reappraisal , pp. 119-281
    • Russell, A.P.1
  • 89
    • 0002611517 scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis
    • eds, Ede D, Hinchcliffe R, Balls M) - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Shellswell GB, Wolpert L (1977) The pattern of muscle and tendon development in the chick wing. In Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis (eds Ede D, Hinchcliffe R, Balls M), pp. 71-86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1977) The pattern of muscle and tendon development in the chick wing , pp. 71-86
    • Shellswell, G.B.1    Wolpert, L.2
  • 90
    • 78649396829 scopus 로고
    • The detailed anatomy of Triturus torosus. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of British Columbia.
    • Smith GM (1926) The detailed anatomy of Triturus torosus. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of British Columbia.
    • (1926)
    • Smith, G.M.1
  • 91
    • 0001865922 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of the human forearm extensors
    • Straus WL (1941a) The phylogeny of the human forearm extensors. Hum Biol 13, 23-50.
    • (1941) Hum Biol , vol.13 , pp. 23-50
    • Straus, W.L.1
  • 92
    • 0001865922 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of the human forearm extensors (concluded)
    • Straus WL (1941b) The phylogeny of the human forearm extensors (concluded). Hum Biol 13, 203-238.
    • (1941) Hum Biol , vol.13 , pp. 203-238
    • Straus, W.L.1
  • 93
    • 85027474096 scopus 로고
    • The homologies of the forearm flexors: urodeles, lizards, mammals
    • Straus WL (1942) The homologies of the forearm flexors: urodeles, lizards, mammals. Am J Anat 70, 281-316.
    • (1942) Am J Anat , vol.70 , pp. 281-316
    • Straus, W.L.1
  • 94
    • 84970546477 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and embryology of the wing musculature of the domestic fowl (Gallus)
    • Sullivan GE (1962) Anatomy and embryology of the wing musculature of the domestic fowl (Gallus). Aust J Zool 10, 458-518.
    • (1962) Aust J Zool , vol.10 , pp. 458-518
    • Sullivan, G.E.1
  • 95
    • 84970544621 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of the muscular anatomy in the shoulder region of paralysed chick embryos
    • Sullivan GE (1967) Abnormalities of the muscular anatomy in the shoulder region of paralysed chick embryos. Aust J Zool 15, 911-940.
    • (1967) Aust J Zool , vol.15 , pp. 911-940
    • Sullivan, G.E.1
  • 96
    • 35348964748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologies of the longissimus, iliocostalis, and hypaxial muscles in the anterior presacral region of extant diapsida
    • Tsuihiji T (2007) Homologies of the longissimus, iliocostalis, and hypaxial muscles in the anterior presacral region of extant diapsida. J Morphol 268, 986-1020.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 986-1020
    • Tsuihiji, T.1
  • 97
    • 14844299417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds have dinosaur wings, the molecular evidence
    • Vargas AO, Fallon JF (2005a) Birds have dinosaur wings, the molecular evidence. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 304, 86-90.
    • (2005) J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol , vol.304 , pp. 86-90
    • Vargas, A.O.1    Fallon, J.F.2
  • 98
    • 21244456142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The digits of the wing of birds are 1, 2, and 3, a review
    • Vargas AO, Fallon JF (2005b) The digits of the wing of birds are 1, 2, and 3, a review. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 304, 206-219.
    • (2005) J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol , vol.304 , pp. 206-219
    • Vargas, A.O.1    Fallon, J.F.2
  • 99
    • 53749084655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of HoxD-11 expression in the bird wing: insights from Alligator mississippiensis
    • Vargas AO, Kohlsdorf T, Fallon JF, et al. (2008) The evolution of HoxD-11 expression in the bird wing: insights from Alligator mississippiensis. PLoS ONE 3, e3325.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Vargas, A.O.1    Kohlsdorf, T.2    Fallon, J.F.3
  • 100
    • 0003361679 scopus 로고
    • Biology of the Reptilia
    • (eds, Gans C, Parsons TS) - New York: Academic Press.
    • Walker WF (1973) The locomotor apparatus of testudines. In: Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 14 (eds Gans C, Parsons TS), pp. 1-100. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1973) The locomotor apparatus of testudines , vol.14 , pp. 1-100
    • Walker, W.F.1
  • 101
    • 30344447232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postcranial myology of the California newt, Taricha torosa
    • Walthall JC, Ashley-Ross MA (2006) Postcranial myology of the California newt, Taricha torosa. Anat Rec A 288, 46-57.
    • (2006) Anat Rec A , vol.288 , pp. 46-57
    • Walthall, J.C.1    Ashley-Ross, M.A.2
  • 102
    • 78649406849 scopus 로고
    • Die Neu-Guinea-Schieldkröte Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Leiden.
    • Walther WG(1922) Die Neu-Guinea-Schieldkröte Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Leiden.
    • (1922)
    • Walther, W.G.1
  • 103
    • 0347427928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Anatomy of Sea Turtles
    • Miami: U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470.
    • Wyneken J (2001) The Anatomy of Sea Turtles. Miami: U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470.
    • (2001)
    • Wyneken, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.