The head and neck muscles of the Philippine colugo (Dermoptera: Cynocephalus volans), with a comparison to tree-shrews, primates, and other mammals

Journal of Morphology

Volumn 270, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 14-51

  Diogo, Rui ^a  

^a THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Colugos; Dermoptera; Evolution; Head muscles; Homologies; Mammals; Primates; Scandentia; Tree shrews

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HEAD; HISTOLOGY; MUSCLE; NECK MUSCLE; PRIMATE; PROSIMIAN; SCANDENTIA;

ANIMALS; HEAD; LEMUR; MUSCLES; NECK MUSCLES; PRIMATES; TUPAIIDAE;

CYNOCEPHALIDAE; CYNOCEPHALUS VOLANS; DERMOPTERA; MAMMALIA; PRIMATES; SCANDENTIA; STREPSIRHINI; TUPAIIDAE;

EID: 58549096508     PISSN: 03622525     EISSN: 10974687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10666     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Adams SB, Wheeler JFG, Edgeworth FH. 1929. On the innervation of the platysma and the mandibulo-auricularis. J Anat 63:242-252.
2. Anderson RJ. 1880. A variety of the mylopharyngeus and other unusual muscular abnormalities. J Anat Physiol 14:357-359.
3. Anderson RJ. 1881. The morphology of the muscles of the tongue and pharynx. J Anat Physiol 15:382-391.
4. Andrew RJ. 1963. Evolution of facial expression. Science 142:1034-1041.
5. Aziz MA. 1981. Possible "atavistic" structures in human aneuploids. Am J Phys Anthropol 54:347-353.
6. Aziz MA, Cowie RJ, Skinner CE, Abdi TS, Orzame G. 1998. Are the two heads of the human lateral pterygoid separate muscles? A perspective based on their nerve supply. J Orofac Pain 2:226-239.
7. Barrow JR, Capecchi MR. 1999. Compensatory defects associated with mutations in Hoxa1 restore normal palatogenesis to Hoxa2 mutants. Development 126:5011-5026.
8. Birou G, Garcier JM, Guillot M, Vanneuville G, Chazal J. 1991. A study of the lateral pterygoid muscle: Anatomic sections and CT appearances. Surg Radiol Anat 13:307-311.
9. Boas JEV, Paulli S. 1908. The Elephant Head - Studies in the Comparative Anatomy of the Organs of the Head of the Indian Elephant And Other Mammals, 1: The Facial Muscles and the Proboscis. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
10. Bryant MD. 1945. Phylogeny of Nearctic sciuridae. Am Midland Nat 33:257-390.
11. Burrows AM. 2008. The facial expression musculature in primates and its evolutionary significance. Bioessays 30:212-225.
12. Burrows AM, Smith TD. 2003. Muscles of facial expression in Otolemur with a comparison to Lemuroidea. Anat Rec 274:827-836.
13. Burrows AM, Waller BM, Parr LA, Bonar CJ. 2006. Muscles of facial expression in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Descriptive, comparative and phylogenetic contexts. J Anat 208:153-167.
14. Chi TK. 1937. An unusual variation of the pharyngeal muscles. J Anat 72:134-135.
15. Crelin ES. 1987. The Human Vocal Tract: Anatomy, Function, Development, and Evolution. New York: Vantage Press.
16. Dawkins R. 2004. The ancestor's tale - A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
17. Diogo R. 2007. On the Origin and Evolution of Higher-Clades: Osteology, Myology, Phylogeny and Macroevolution of Bony Fishes and the Rise of Tetrapods. Enfield: Science Publishers.
18. Diogo R. 2008. Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: A new insight. Anim Biol 58:123-172.
19. Diogo R, Lonergan N, Abdala V, Wood BA. From fish to modern humans: comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the head and neck. J Anat (in press).
20. DuBrul EL. 1958. Evolution of the Speech Apparatus. Springfield: Thomas.
21. Edgeworth FH. 1935. The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. Cambridge: University press.
22. El Haddioui AL, Zouaoui A, Bravetti P, Gaudy JF. 2005. Functional anatomy of the human lateral pterygoid muscle. Surg Radiol Anat 27:271-286.
23. Gasser RF. 1967. The development of the facial muscles in man. Am J Anat 120:357-376.
24. George RM. 1977. The limb musculature of the Tupaiidae. Primates 18:1-34.
25. Gibbs S. 1999. Comparative soft tissue morphology of the extant Hominoidea, including man. Unpublished PhD Thesis, The University of Liverpool.
26. Gorniak GC. 1985. Trends in the action of mammalian masticatory muscles. Am Zool 25:331-337.
27. Greene EC. 1935. Anatomy of the Rat. New York: Hafner Publishing Co.
28. Gunnell GF, Simmons NB. 2005. Fossil evidence and the origin of bats. J Mammal Evol 12:209-246.
29. Harrison DFN. 1995. The Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Larynx. Cambridge: University Press.
30. Hill WCO. 1953. Primates - Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy. I. Strepsirhini. Edinburgh: University Press.
31. House EL. 1953. A myology of the pharyngeal region of the albino rat. Anat Rec 116:363-381.
32. Howell AB. 1937a. Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part V, Monotremata. Q Rev Biol 12:191-205.
33. Howell AB. 1937b. Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture, Part IV, Therian Mammalia. Q Rev Biol 12:440-463.
34. Huber E. 1930a. Evolution of facial musculature and cutaneous field of trigeminus, Part I. Q Rev Biol 5:133-188.
35. Huber E. 1930b. Evolution of facial musculature and cutaneous field of trigeminus, Part II. Q Rev Biol 5:389-437.
36. Huber E. 1931. Evolution of Facial Musculature and Expression. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
37. Jablonski NG. 1986. A history of form and function in the primate masticatory apparatus from the ancestral primate through the strepsirhines. In: Swindler DR, Erwin J, editors. Comparative Primate Biology, Systematics, Evolution and Anatomy, Vol. 1. New York: AR Liss. pp 537-558.
38. Janecka JE, Miller W, Pringle TH, Wiens F, Zitzmann A, Helgen KM, Springer MS, Murphy WJ. 2007. Molecular and genomic data identify the closest living relative of primates. Science 318:792-794.
39. Jarvik E. 1963. The composition of the intermandibular division of the head in fishes and tetrapods and the diphyletic origin of the tetrapod tongue. Kungl Sven Veten Handl 9:1-74.
40. Jarvik E. 1980. Basic Structure and Evolution of Vertebrates. London: Academic Press.
41. Jouffroy FK. 1962. La musculature des membres chez les lémuriens de Madagascar, étude descriptive et comparative. Mammalia 26:1-326.
42. Jouffroy FK. 1971. Musculature des membres. In: Grassé PP, editor. Traité de Zoologie, XVI: 3 (Mammifères). Paris: Masson et Cie. pp 1-475.
43. Jouffroy FK, Lessertisseur J. 1971. Particularités musculaires des Monotrémes, musculature post-craniénne. In: Grassé PP, editor. Traité de Zoologie, XVI: 3 (Mammifères). Paris: Masson et Cie. pp 733-836.
44. Jouffroy FK, Saban R. 1971. Musculature peaucière. In: Grassé PP, editor. Traité de Zoologie, XVI: 3 (Mammifères). Paris: Masson et Cie. pp 477-611.
45. Kanagasuntheram R. 1952-1954. Observations on the anatomy of the hoolock gibbon. Ceylon J Sci Sect G 5:11-64, 69-122.
46. Kardong KV. 2002. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
47. Leche W. 1886. Über die Säugethiergattung Galeopithecus: eine morphologische untersuchung. Kungl Svenska Vetenskap Akad Stockholm 21:3-92.
48. Le Gros Clark WE. 1924. The myology of the tree-shrew (Tupaia minor). Proc Zool Soc Lond 1924:461-497.
49. Le Gros Clark WE. 1926. On the anatomy of the pen-talied tree-shrew (Ptilocercus lowii). Proc Zool Soc Lond 1926:1178-1309.
50. Lightoller GS. 1928a. The action of the m. mentalis in the expression of the emotion of distress. J Anat 62:319-332.
51. Lightoller GS. 1928b. The facial muscles of three orang utans and two Cercopithecidae. J Anat 63:19-81.
52. Lightoller GS. 1934. The facial musculature of some lesser primates and a Tupaia. Proc Zool Soc Lond 1934:259-309.
53. Lightoller GS. 1940a. The comparative morphology of the platysma: A comparative study of the sphincter colli profundus and the trachelo-platysma. J Anat 74:390-396.
54. Lightoller GS. 1940b. The comparative morphology of the M. caninus. J Anat 74:397-402.
55. Lightoller GS. 1942. Matrices of the facialis musculature: Homologization of the musculature in monotremes with that of marsupials and placentals. J Anat 76:258-269.
56. Macalister A. 1872. The myology of the Cheiroptera. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 162:125-171.
57. Marivaux L, Bocat L, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger J-J, Marandat B, Srisuk P, Tafforeau P, Yamee C, Welcomme J-L. 2006. Cynocephalid dermopterans from the Palaeogene of South Asia (Thailand, Myanmar and Pakistan): Systematic, evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic implications. Zool Scripta 35:395-420.
58. Minkoff EC, Mikkelsen P, Cunningham WA, Taylor KW. 1979. The facial musculature of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). J Mammal 60:46-57.
59. Murie J, Mivart StG. 1872. On the anatomy of the Lemuroidea. Trans Zool Soc Lond 7:1-113.
60. Netter FH. 2006. Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
61. Negus VE. 1949. The Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx. New York: Hafner Publishing Company.
62. Noden DM, Francis-West P. 2006. The differentiation and morphogenesis of craniofacial muscles. Dev Dyn 235:1194-1218.
63. Parsons FG. 1898. The muscles of mammals, with special relation to human myology: A course of lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, lecture I, the muscles of the head and neck. J Anat Physiol 32:428-450.
64. Peterka HE. 1936. A study of the myology and osteology of tree sciurids with regard to adaptation to arboreal, glissant and fossorial habits. Trans Kansas Acad Sci 39:313-332.
65. Pettersen GC, Koltis GG, White MJ. 1979. An examination of the spectrum of anatomic defects and variations found in eight cases of trisomy 13. Amer J Med Genet 3:183-210.
66. Piekarski N, Olsson L. 2007. Muscular derivatives of the cranial-most somites revealed by long-term fate mapping in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Evol Dev 9:566-578.
67. Preuschoft S. 2000. Primate faces and facial expressions. Soc Res 67:245-271.
68. Ruge G. 1885. Über die Gesichtsmuskulatur der Halbaffen. Morph Jb 11:243-315.
69. Ruge G. 1897. Über Das Peripherische Gebiet Des Nervus Facialis Boi Wirbelthieren. Leipzig: Festschr f Gegenbaur.
70. Ruge G. 1910. Verbindungen des platysma mit der tiefen muskulatur des halses beim menschen. Morph Jb 41:708-724.
71. Ryan JM. 1986. Comparative morphology and evolution of cheek pouches in rodents. J Morphol 190:27-42.
72. Ryan JM. 1989. Evolution of cheek pouches in African pouched rats (Rodentia: Cricetomyinae). J Mammal 70:267-274.
73. Saban R. 1968. Musculature de la tête. In: Grassé PP, editor. Traité de Zoologie, XVI: 3 (Mammifères). Paris: Masson et Cie. pp 229-472.
74. Saban R. 1971. Particularités musculaires des Monotrémes - Musculature de la tête. In: Grassé PP, editor. Traité de Zoologie, XVI: 3 (Mammifères). Paris: Masson et Cie. pp 681-732.
75. Sargis EJ. 2002a. The postcranial morphology of Ptilocercus lowii (Scandentia, Tupaiidae): An analysis of primatomorphan and volitantian characters. J Mammal Evol 9:137-160.
76. Sargis EJ. 2002b. Functional morphology of the forelimb of tupaiids (Mammalia, Scadetia) and its phylogenetic implications. J Mammal 253:10-42.
77. Sargis EJ. 2004. New views on tree shrews: The role of tupaiids in primate supraordinal relationships. Evol Anthropol 13:56-66.
78. Seiler R. 1971b. Facial musculature and its influence on the facial bones of catarrhinous primates. I. Morphol Jb 116:122-142.
79. Schmidt KL, Cohn JF. 2001. Human facial expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary questions in facial expression research. Yearb Phys Anthropol 44:3-24.
80. Seiler R. 1971a. A Comparison Between the Facial Muscles of Catarrhini with Long and Short Muzzles. Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. Primat., Zürich 1970, Vol. l. Basel: Karger. pp 157-162.
81. Seiler R. 1971b. Facial musculature and its influence on the facial bones of catarrhinous primates. I. Morphol Jb 116:122-142.
82. Seiler R. 1971c. Facial musculature and its influence on the facial bones of catarrhine primates. II. Morphol Jb 116:147-185.
83. Seiler R. 1971d. Facial musculature and its influence on the facial bones of catarrhine primates. III. Morphol Jb 116:347-376.
84. Seiler R. 1971e. Facial musculature and its influence on the facial bones of catarrhine primates. IV. Morphol Jb 116:456-481.
85. Seiler R. 1974a. Muscles of the external ear and their function in man, chimpanzees and Macaca. Morphol Jb 120:78-122.
86. Seiler R. 1974b. Particularities in facial muscles of Daubentonia madagascariensis (Gmelin 1788). Folia Primatol 22:81-96.
87. Seiler R. 1975. On the facial muscles in Perodicticus potto and Nycticebus coucang. Folia Primatol 23:275-289.
88. Seiler R. 1979. Criteria of the homology and phylogeny of facial muscles in primates including man. I. Prosimia and platyrrhina. Morphol Jb 125:191-217.
89. Seiler R. 1980. Ontogenesis of facial muscles in primates. Morphol Jb 126:841-864.
90. Shattock SG. 1882. A kerato-thyro-hyoid muscle as a variation in human anatomy. J Anat Physiol 171:124-125.
91. Shoshani J, Groves CP, Simons EL, Gunnell GF. 1996. Primate phylogeny: Morphological vs molecular results. Mol Phylogenet Evol 5:102-154.
92. Silcox MT, Sargis EJ, Bloch JI, Boyer DM. 2007. Primate origins and supraordinal relationships: Morphological evidence. In: Henke W, Tattersall I, editors. Handbook of Palaeoanthropology, Vol. 2. Primate Evolution and Human Origins. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp 831-859.
93. Smith KK. 1992. The evolution of the mammalian pharynx. Zool J Linn Soc 104:313-349.
94. Sokoloff AJ. 2000. Localization and contractile properties of intrinsic longitudinal motor units of the rat tongue. J Neurophysiol 84:827-835.
95. Sonntag CF. 1924. The Morphology and Evolution of the Apes and Man. London: John Bale Sons and Danielsson Ltd. Sprague JA. 1942. The hyoid apparatus of Neotoma. J Mammal 23:405-411.
96. Sprague JA. 1943. The hyoid region of placental mammals with special reference to the bats. Am J Anat 72:385-472.
97. Sprague JA. 1944a. The hyoid region in the Insectivora. Am J Anat 74:175-216.
98. Sprague JA. 1944b. The innervation of the pharynx in the rhesus monkey, and the formation of the pharyngeal plexus in primates. Anat Rec 90:197-208.
99. Stafford BJ, Szalay FS. 2000. Craniodental functional morphology and taxonomy of dermopterans. J Mammal 81:360-385.
100. Starck D, Schneider R. 1960. Respirationsorgane. In: Hofer H, Schultz AH, Starck D, editors. Primatologia III/2. Basel: S. Karger. pp 423-587.
101. Sullivan WE, Osgood CW. 1927. The musculature of the superior extremity of the orang-utan, Simia satyrus. Anat Rec 35:193-239.
102. Taylor J. 1925. An unusual variation of the omo-hyoid muscle. J Anat 59:331-332.
103. The Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. 1998. Terminologia Anatomica. Stuttgard: Georg Thieme.
104. Thewissen JGM, Babcock SK. 1991. Distinctive cranial and cervical innervation of wing muscles: New evidence for bat monophyly. Science 251:934-936.
105. Thewissen JGM, Babcock SK. 1993. The implications of the propatagial muscles of flying and gliding mammals for archontan systematics. In MacPhee RDE, editor. Primates and their Relatives in Phylogenetic Perspective. New York: Plenum Press. pp 91-107.
106. Walker WF, Homberger DG. 1998. Anatomy and Dissection of the Rat, 3rd ed. New York: Freeman Company.
107. Wells LH, Thomas EA. 1927. A note on two abnormal laryngeal muscles in a Zulu. J Anat 61:340-343.
108. Whidden HP. 2000. Comparative myology of moles and the phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla). Am Museum Novitates 3294:1-53.
109. Wind J. 1970. On the phylogeny and ontogeny of the human larynx. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.
110. Wood J. 1866. Variations in human myology observed during the Winter session of 1865-1866 at King's College, London. Proc R Soc Lond 15:229-244.
111. Wood J. 1867a. On human muscular variations and their relation to comparative anatomy. J Anat Physiol 1867:44-59.
112. Wood J. 1867b. Variations in human myology observed during the Winter session of 1866-1867 at King's College, London. Proc R Soc Lond 15:518-545.
113. Wood J. 1868. Variations in human myology observed during the Winter session of 1867-1868 at King's College, London. R Soc Lond 16:483-525.
114. Wood J. 1870. On a group of varieties of the muscles of the human neck, shoulder, and chest, with their transitional forms and homologies in the Mammalia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 160:83-116.