Exploring differences in computerized neurocognitive concussion testing between african american and white athletes

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 734-744

  Kontos, Anthony P ^a,b   Elbin, Robert J ^c   Covassin, Tracey ^d   Larson, Elizabeth ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Assessment; Cross cultural minority; Head injury; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649276642     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq068     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. American Academy of Neurology. (1997). Practice parameter: The management of concussion in sports. Neurology, 48, 581-585.
2. Bagley, C. (1995). A plea for ignoring race and including insured status in American research reports on social science and medicine. Social Science and Medicine, 40, 1017-1019.
3. Barth, J. T., Alves, W. M., Ryans, T. V., Macchiocchi, S. N., Rimel, R. E., Jane, J. A., et al. (1989). Mild head injury in sports: Neuropsychological sequelae and recovery of function. In H. S. Levin, H. M. Eisenberg, & A. L. Benton (Eds.), Mild head injury (pp. 257-275). New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Buzzini, S. R., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2006). Sport-related concussion in the young athlete. Current Opinions in Pediatrics, 18, 376-382.
5. Cantu, R. (2006). An overview of concussion consensus statements since 2000. Neurosurgery Focus, 21, 1-5.
6. Collie, A., Darby, D., & Maruff, P. (2001). Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 297-302.
7. Collie, A., Maruff, P., Makdissi, M., McCrory, P., McStephen, M., & Darby, D. (2003). CogSport: Reliability and correlation with conventional cognitive tests used in postconcussion medical evaluations. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13, 28-32.
8. Collins, M. W., Grindel, S. H., Lovell, M. R., Dede, D. E., Moser, D. J., Phalin, B. R., et al. (1999). Relationship between concussion and neuropsychological performance in college football players. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 964-970.
9. Covassin, T., Swanik, C., Sachs, M., Kendrick, Z., Schatz, P., Zillmer, E., et al. (2006). Sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms of collegiate athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 923-927.
10. Feinstein, L. (2003). Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort. Economica, 70, 73-97.
11. Ferraro, F., & McDonald, L. (2005). More culturally sensitive neuropsychological tests (and normative data) needed. Alzheimer's Disease & Associated Disorders, 19, 74-78.
12. Field, M., Collins, M. W., Lovell, M. R., & Maroon, J. (2003). Does age play a role in recovery form sports-related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes. Journal of Pediatrics, 142, 546-553.
13. Fullilove, M. T. (1998). Comment: Abandoning "race" as a variable in public health research-an idea whose time has come. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1297-1298.
14. Goldstein, M. (1990). Traumatic brain injury: A silent epidemic. Annals of Neurology, 27, 327.
15. Heaton, R., Ryan, L., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. (1996). Demographic influences on neuropsychological test performance. In I. Grant, & K. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders (pp. 141-163). New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Iverson, G. L., Brooks, B. L., Collins, M. W., & Lovell, M. R. (2006). Tracking neuropsychological recovery following concussion in sport. Brain Injury, 20, 245-252.
17. Iverson, G. L., Gaetz, M., Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2004). Cumulative effects of concussion in amateur athletes. Brain Injury, 18, 433-443.
18. Iverson, G. L., Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2005). Validity of ImPACT for measuring attention, processing speed following sports-related concussion. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27, 683-689.
19. Iverson, G. L., Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W., & Norwig, J. (2002). Tracking recovery from concussion using ImPACT: Applying reliable change methodology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 770.
20. Jensen, A., & Reynolds, C. (1982). Race, social class and ability patterns on the WISC-R. Personal and Individual Differences, 3, 423-438.
21. Kane, R. L., & Kay, G. G. (1992). Computerized assessment in neuropsychology: A review of tests and test batteries. Neuropsychological Review, 3, 1-117.
22. Kaufman, A., McLean, J., & Reynolds, C. (1988). Sex, race, residence, region and education differences on the WAIS-R subtests. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 44, 231-248.
23. Kennepohl, S., Shore, D., Nabors, N., & Hanks, R. (2004). African American acculturation and neuropsychological test performance following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society, 10, 566-577. (Pubitemid 39077197)
24. Kesler, S. R., Adams, H. F., Blasey, C. M., & Bigler, E. D. (2003). Premorbid intellectual functioning, education, and brain size in traumatic brain injury: An investigation of the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Applied Neuropsychology, 10, 153-162.
25. Langlois, J. A., Rutland-Brown, W., & Wald, M. (2006). The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: A brief overview. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21, 375-378.
26. Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2002). New developments in the evaluation of sports-related concussion. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 1, 287-292.
27. Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W., Fu, F., Burke, C., & Podell, K. (2001). Neuropsychologic testing in sports: Past, present, and future. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 367-372.
28. Lynn, R., & Holmshaw, M. (1990). Black-White differences in reaction times and intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 299-308.
29. Manly, J. J. (2005). Advantages and disadvantages of separate norms for African Americans. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 270-275.
30. Manly, J. J., Jacobs, D. M., Touradji, P., Small, S. A., & Stern, Y. (2002). Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 341-348.
31. Manly, J. J., Miller, S. W., Heaton, R., Byrd, D., Reilly, J., Velasquez, R. J., et al. (1998). The effect of African-American acculturation on neuropsychological test performance in normal and HIV-positive individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 291-302.
32. Mayfield, J., & Reynolds, C. (1997). Black-White differences in Memory Test Performance among children and adolescents. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 111-112.
33. McCrory, P., Johnston, K., Meeuwisse, W., Aubry, M., Cantu, R., Dvorak, J., et al. (2005). Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 196-204. (Pubitemid 40478202)
34. McKay, P. F. (2003). The effects of demographics variables and stereotype threat on Black/White differences in cognitive ability test performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, 1-14.
35. Mehta, K., Simonsick, E., Rooks, R., Newman, A., Pope, S., Rubin, S., et al. (2004). Black and white differences in cognitive function test scores: What explains the difference? Journal of American Geriatric Society, 52, 2120-2127.
36. Nell, V. (1999). Standardising the WAIS-III and WMS-III for South Africa: Legislative, psychometric, and policy issues. South African Journal of Psychology, 29, 128-137.
37. Noble, K. G., Norman, M. F., & Farah, M. J. (2005). Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children. Developmental Science, 8, 74-87.
38. O'Bryant, S., O'Jile, J., & McCaffrey, R. (2004). Reporting of demographic variables in neuropsychological research: Trends in the current literature. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18, 229-233.
39. Reeves, D. L., Winter, K. P., Bleiberg, J., & Kane, R. L. (2007). ANAM genogram: Historical perspectives, description, and current endeavors. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22 S, S15-S37.
40. Reynolds, C. R., & Bigler, E. D. (1994). Test of memory and learning: Examiner's manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
41. Sandifer, H., Frank, E., Montgomery, A., Nichols, M., & Cooper, W. (2005). Arizona battery for communication disorders of dementia test performance: Can this test be used with White and African American adolescents with traumatic brain injury? Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 1-5.
42. Schatz, P., Pardini, J., Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W., & Podell, K. (2006). Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT Test Battery for concussion in athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 91-99.
43. Shuttleworth-Edwards, A. B., Kemp, R., Rust, A., Muirhead, J., Hartman, N., & Radloff, S. (2004). Cross-cultural effects on IQ test performance: A review and preliminary normative indications on WAIS-III test performance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 903-920.
44. Shuttleworth-Edwards, A. B., Smith, I., & Radloff, S. E. (2008). Neurocognitive vulnerability amongst university rugby players versus noncontact sport controls. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30, 870-884.
45. Shuttleworth-Edwards, A., Whitefield-Alexander, V., Radloff, S., Taylor, A., & Lovell, M. (2009). Computerized neuropsychological profiles of South African versus United States athletes: A basis for commentary on cross-cultural norming issues in the sports concussion arena. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 37, 45-51.
46. Stern, Y., Albert, S., Tang, M. X., & Tsai, W. Y. (1999). Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: Cognitive reserve? Neurology, 53, 1942-1947.
47. Teng, E., & Manly, J. (2005). Neuropsychological testing: Helpful or harmful? Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders, 19, 267-271.
48. Van Kampen, D., Lovell, M. R., Pardini, J., Collins, M. W., & Fu, F. (2006). The "value added" of neurocognitive testing after sports-related concussion. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 1630-1635.
49. William's, R. L. (1997). Race and health: Basic questions, emerging directions. Annals of Epidemiology, 7, 322-333.