Blocking child pornography on the internet: European Union developments

International Review of Law, Computers and Technology

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 209-221

  McIntyre, T J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Blocking; Child pornography; Freedom of expression

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649249528     PISSN: 13600869     EISSN: 13646885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13600869.2010.522321     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Kerry Sheldon and Dennis Howitt, Sex Offenders and the Internet (Chichester: Wiley, 2007), Ch. 2
2. Yaman Akdeniz, Internet Child Pornography and the Law: National and International Responses (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008).
3. Tyler Moore and Richard Clayton, 'The Impact of Incentives on Notice and Take-Down' (presented at the Seventh Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS 2008), Hanover, New Hampshire, 2008), http://weis2008.econinfosec.org/papers/MooreImpact.pdf.
4. Ronald J. Deibert, John G. Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights and Rule in Cyberspace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 279-366.
5. Joris Evers, 'European Parliament Says No to Web Site Blocking,' Computerworld, 12 April 2002, http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=70115
6. Mark O'Brien, 'The Witchfinder-General and the Will-o'-the-Wisp: The Myth and Reality of Internet Control', Information & Communications Technology Law 15, no. 3 (October 2006): 259-73.
7. Nart Villeneuve, 'Barriers to Cooperation: An Analysis of the Origins of International Efforts to Protect Children Online', in Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights and Rule in Cyberspace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 62.
8. Joel R. Reidenberg, 'States and Internet Enforcement', University of Ottawa Law & Technology Journal 1 (2004): 213
9. Wouter Stol., 'Governmental Filtering of Websites: The Dutch Case', Computer Law & Security Review 25 (2009): 251-62
10. Joe McNamee, 'Pointless Action on Child Pornography', The Guardian, 29 March 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/blocking-child-abuse-websites-eu
11. T.J. McIntyre and Colin Scott, 'Internet Filtering: Rhetoric, Legitimacy, Accountability and Responsibility', in Regulating Technologies, ed. Roger Brownsword and Karen Yeung (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2008)
12. Ian Brown, 'Internet Filtering - Be Careful What You Ask For', in Freedom and Prejudice: Approaches to Media and Culture, ed. Suheyla Kirca Schroeder and LuEtt Hanson (Istanbul: Bahcesehir University Press, 2008)
13. Lilian Edwards, 'Pornography, Censorship and the Internet', in Law and the Internet, ed. Lilian Edwards and Charlotte Waelde, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009).
14. Derek Bambauer, 'Guiding the Censor's Scissors: A Framework to Assess Internet Filtering', SSRN eLibrary (2008): 12-24, http://ssrn.com/paper=1143582
15. See in particular: 'CIRCAMP overview,' CIRCAMP, n.d., http://circamp.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11:circamp-overview&catid=1:project&Itemid=2
16. CIRCAMP fact sheet english', CIRCAMP, n.d., http://circamp.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15:circamp-fact-sheet-english&catid=1:project&Itemid=2.
17. EUROPOL's involvement is described at 'Funnel Web Introduction', EUROPOL, n.d., http://www.europol.europa.eu/index.asp?page=FunnelIntro&language=.
18. For funding details see 'Projects: CIRCAMP,' Europa - Information Society, 15 May 2009, http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/apps/projects/factsheet/index.cfm?project_ref=SIP-2007-TN- 140701
19. Maximilian Dornseif, 'Government Mandated Blocking of Foreign Web Content', in Security, E-Learning, E-Services: Proceedings of the 17 EDFN-Arbeitstagung uber Kommunikationsnetze, ed. J. von Knop, W. Haverkamp and E. Jessen, in Series: Lecture Notes in Informatics (Dusseldorf: Gesellschaft fur Informatik, 2003), http://md.hudora.de/publications/200306-gi-blocking/200306-gi-blocking.pdf
20. Dan Goodin, 'Finland Censors Anti-Censorship Site', The Register, 18 February 2008, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/18/finnish_policy_censor_activist/
21. Matti Nikki, 'Lapsiporno.info and Finnish Censorship', Lapisporno.info, 20 July 2009, http://lapsiporno.info/english-2008-02-15.html
22. Barry Collins, 'Charity: Child Abuse Filters Save Men from Themselves', PC Pro, 23 February 2009, http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/248117/charity-child-abuse-filters-save-men-from-themselves/print.
23. Cormac Callanan, Marco Gercke, Estello De Marco, and Hein Dreis-Ziekenheiner, Internet Blocking: Balancing Cybercrime Responses in Democratic Societies (Dublin: Aconite Internet Solutions, 2009), 126.
24. For studies on exposure to child pornography and subsequent offending see in particular Michael Bourke and Andres Hernandez, 'The Butner Study Redux: A Report of the Incidence of Hands-on Child Victimization by Child Pornography Offenders', Journal of Family Violence 24, no. 3 (1 April 2009): 183-91
25. Diana E.H. Russell and Natalie J. Purcell, 'Exposure to Pornography as a Cause of Child Sexual Victimization', in Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence, ed. Nancy E. Dowd, Dorothy G. Singer and Robin Fretwell Wilson (London: Sage, 2005), 59-84.
26. Irish statistics are available at Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland, 'Hotline.ie Annual Report 2010: Analysis of 2009 Reports: Trends', 2010, http://www.hotline.ie/report2010/2009-anlsys/trends.html
27. Emily Laidlaw, 'Internet Freedom Provision Subject IWF to ECHR Principles?', laidlaw.eu, 17 March 2010, http://www.laidlaw.eu/2010/03/internet-freedom-provision-subject-iwf-to-echr-principles/
28. Joe McNamee, 'Controversial Draft Framework Decision on Child Sexual Exploitation', EDRi: European Digital Rights, 7 October 2009, http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number7.19/draft-framework-decision-child-exploatation
29. Stol 'Governmental Filtering of Websites', for example, have found after a comprehensive review that Dutch blocking practice lacks a specific legal basis and is unlawful.
30. Louise Cooke, 'Controlling the Net: European Approaches to Content and Access Regulation', Journal of Information Science 33, no. 3 (2007): 360-76
31. Yaman Akdeniz, 'To Block or Not to Block: European Approaches to Content Regulation, and Implications for Freedom of Expression', Computer Law & Security Review 26, no. 3 (2010): 262-3.