메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 761-771

Molecular approaches to improving general anesthetics

Author keywords

Drug development; Drug discovery; Etomidate; General anesthesia; Mechanism; Trends; Xenon

Indexed keywords

ALFAXALONE; ALKANE; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ARGON; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARBOETOMIDATE; CYCLOPROPANE; ESMOLOL; ETOMIDATE; FOSPROPOFOL; HYPNOTIC AGENT; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; ISOFLURANE; KETAMINE; METHOXYCARBONYL ETOMIDATE; NITROUS OXIDE; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XENON;

EID: 78149487923     PISSN: 19322275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2010.08.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (59)
  • 2
    • 77958045002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville (MD), (HCUP Fact Book No. 9. AHRQ Publication No. 07-0007, 64 pages)
    • Russo C.A., Owens P., Steiner C., et al. Ambulatory surgery in U.S. hospitals, 2003 2007, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville (MD), (HCUP Fact Book No. 9. AHRQ Publication No. 07-0007, 64 pages).
    • (2007) Ambulatory surgery in U.S. hospitals, 2003
    • Russo, C.A.1    Owens, P.2    Steiner, C.3
  • 4
    • 42349089480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal
    • Franks N.P. General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008, 9:370.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 370
    • Franks, N.P.1
  • 5
    • 0021211620 scopus 로고
    • Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors?
    • Franks N.P., Lieb W.R. Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors?. Nature 1984, 310:599.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 599
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 6
    • 0028848223 scopus 로고
    • A discrete site for general anesthetics on a postsynaptic receptor
    • Forman S.A., Miller K.W., Yellen G. A discrete site for general anesthetics on a postsynaptic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 1995, 48:574.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 574
    • Forman, S.A.1    Miller, K.W.2    Yellen, G.3
  • 7
    • 1842328604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABA(A) and glycine receptors
    • Mihic S.J., Ye Q., Wick M.J., et al. Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABA(A) and glycine receptors. Nature 1997, 389:385.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 385
    • Mihic, S.J.1    Ye, Q.2    Wick, M.J.3
  • 8
    • 5644275478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TREK K2P channels and their role in general anaesthesia and neuroprotection
    • Franks N.P., Honore E. The TREK K2P channels and their role in general anaesthesia and neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004, 25:601.
    • (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 601
    • Franks, N.P.1    Honore, E.2
  • 9
    • 34447320197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlating the clinical actions and molecular mechanisms of general anesthetics
    • Solt K., Forman S.A. Correlating the clinical actions and molecular mechanisms of general anesthetics. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007, 20:300.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , pp. 300
    • Solt, K.1    Forman, S.A.2
  • 10
    • 33749441324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic drugs: linking molecular actions to clinical effects
    • Grasshoff C., Drexler B., Rudolph U., et al. Anaesthetic drugs: linking molecular actions to clinical effects. Curr Pharm Des 2006, 12:3665.
    • (2006) Curr Pharm Des , vol.12 , pp. 3665
    • Grasshoff, C.1    Drexler, B.2    Rudolph, U.3
  • 11
  • 12
    • 0034703007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of sites of incorporation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of a photoactivatible general anesthetic
    • Pratt M.B., Husain S.S., Miller K.W., et al. Identification of sites of incorporation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of a photoactivatible general anesthetic. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:29441.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 29441
    • Pratt, M.B.1    Husain, S.S.2    Miller, K.W.3
  • 13
    • 33751119897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor anesthetic binding site at subunit interfaces by photolabeling with an etomidate analog
    • A receptor anesthetic binding site at subunit interfaces by photolabeling with an etomidate analog. J Neurosci 2006, 26:11599.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 11599
    • Li, G.D.1    Chiara, D.C.2    Sawyer, G.W.3
  • 14
    • 57349104112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan mutations at azi-etomidate photo-incorporation sites on α1 or β2 subunits enhance GABAA receptor gating and reduce etomidate modulation
    • Stewart D.S., Desai R., Cheng Q., et al. Tryptophan mutations at azi-etomidate photo-incorporation sites on α1 or β2 subunits enhance GABAA receptor gating and reduce etomidate modulation. Mol Pharmacol 2008, 74:1687.
    • (2008) Mol Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 1687
    • Stewart, D.S.1    Desai, R.2    Cheng, Q.3
  • 15
    • 0037315741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABA(A) receptor beta3 subunit
    • Jurd R., Arras M., Lambert S., et al. General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABA(A) receptor beta3 subunit. FASEB J 2003, 17:250.
    • (2003) FASEB J , vol.17 , pp. 250
    • Jurd, R.1    Arras, M.2    Lambert, S.3
  • 16
    • 0141569516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation and anesthesia mediated by distinct GABA(A) receptor isoforms
    • Reynolds D.S., Rosahl T.W., Cirone J., et al. Sedation and anesthesia mediated by distinct GABA(A) receptor isoforms. J Neurosci 2003, 23:8608.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 8608
    • Reynolds, D.S.1    Rosahl, T.W.2    Cirone, J.3
  • 17
    • 36348934072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TASK-3 knockout mice exhibit exaggerated nocturnal activity, impairments in cognitive functions, and reduced sensitivity to inhalation anesthetics
    • Linden A.M., Sandu C., Aller M.I., et al. TASK-3 knockout mice exhibit exaggerated nocturnal activity, impairments in cognitive functions, and reduced sensitivity to inhalation anesthetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007, 323:924.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.323 , pp. 924
    • Linden, A.M.1    Sandu, C.2    Aller, M.I.3
  • 18
    • 14644439228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor epsilon1 subunit gene disruption of the action of general anesthetic drugs in mice
    • Sato Y., Kobayashi E., Murayama T., et al. Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor epsilon1 subunit gene disruption of the action of general anesthetic drugs in mice. Anesthesiology 2005, 102:557.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.102 , pp. 557
    • Sato, Y.1    Kobayashi, E.2    Murayama, T.3
  • 19
    • 76249092369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced immobilizing properties of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in mutant mice lacking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluR(epsilon)1 subunit are caused by the secondary effects of gene knockout
    • Petrenko A.B., Yamakura T., Kohno T., et al. Reduced immobilizing properties of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in mutant mice lacking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluR(epsilon)1 subunit are caused by the secondary effects of gene knockout. Anesth Analg 2010, 110:461.
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , pp. 461
    • Petrenko, A.B.1    Yamakura, T.2    Kohno, T.3
  • 20
    • 2942597569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) requires the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor for its action in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Nagele P., Metz L.B., Crowder C.M. Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) requires the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor for its action in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:8791.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 8791
    • Nagele, P.1    Metz, L.B.2    Crowder, C.M.3
  • 21
    • 24144444536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenon acts by inhibition of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Nagele P., Metz L.B., Crowder C.M. Xenon acts by inhibition of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anesthesiology 2005, 103:508.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 508
    • Nagele, P.1    Metz, L.B.2    Crowder, C.M.3
  • 22
    • 0021253073 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate
    • Wagner R.L., White P.F., Kan P.B., et al. Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate. N Engl J Med 1984, 310:1415.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 1415
    • Wagner, R.L.1    White, P.F.2    Kan, P.B.3
  • 23
    • 38849091374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol-related infusion syndrome in intensive care patients
    • Corbett S.M., Montoya I.D., Moore F.A. Propofol-related infusion syndrome in intensive care patients. Pharmacotherapy 2008, 28:250.
    • (2008) Pharmacotherapy , vol.28 , pp. 250
    • Corbett, S.M.1    Montoya, I.D.2    Moore, F.A.3
  • 24
    • 52049100103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the chemosensory control of breathing
    • Trapp S., Aller M.I., Wisden W., et al. A role for TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the chemosensory control of breathing. J Neurosci 2008, 28:8844.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 8844
    • Trapp, S.1    Aller, M.I.2    Wisden, W.3
  • 25
    • 33644519952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ventilatory stimulant doxapram inhibits TASK tandem pore (K2P) potassium channel function but does not affect minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration
    • Cotten J.F., Keshavaprasad B., Laster M.J., et al. The ventilatory stimulant doxapram inhibits TASK tandem pore (K2P) potassium channel function but does not affect minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration. Anesth Analg 2006, 102:779.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 779
    • Cotten, J.F.1    Keshavaprasad, B.2    Laster, M.J.3
  • 26
    • 0141767046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of alpha 2B-adrenoceptors mediates the cardiovascular effects of etomidate
    • Paris A., Philipp M., Tonner P.H., et al. Activation of alpha 2B-adrenoceptors mediates the cardiovascular effects of etomidate. Anesthesiology 2003, 99:889.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 889
    • Paris, A.1    Philipp, M.2    Tonner, P.H.3
  • 27
    • 10744224124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general anesthetic propofol increases brain N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) content and inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase
    • Patel S., Wohlfeil E.R., Rademacher D.J., et al. The general anesthetic propofol increases brain N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) content and inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2003, 139:1005.
    • (2003) Br J Pharmacol , vol.139 , pp. 1005
    • Patel, S.1    Wohlfeil, E.R.2    Rademacher, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 73449124817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of general anesthetics: cause for concern?
    • Perouansky M., Hemmings H.C. Neurotoxicity of general anesthetics: cause for concern?. Anesthesiology 2009, 111:1365.
    • (2009) Anesthesiology , vol.111 , pp. 1365
    • Perouansky, M.1    Hemmings, H.C.2
  • 29
    • 34247525052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review
    • Newman S., Stygall J., Hirani S., et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology 2007, 106:572.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.106 , pp. 572
    • Newman, S.1    Stygall, J.2    Hirani, S.3
  • 30
    • 44849133522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition 6 years after surgical or medical therapy for coronary artery disease
    • Selnes O.A., Grega M.A., Bailey M.M., et al. Cognition 6 years after surgical or medical therapy for coronary artery disease. Ann Neurol 2008, 63:581.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 581
    • Selnes, O.A.1    Grega, M.A.2    Bailey, M.M.3
  • 31
    • 23944484938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the emergence of Alzheimer's disease following coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
    • Lee T.A., Wolozin B., Weiss K.B., et al. Assessment of the emergence of Alzheimer's disease following coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Alzheimers Dis 2005, 7:319.
    • (2005) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.7 , pp. 319
    • Lee, T.A.1    Wolozin, B.2    Weiss, K.B.3
  • 32
    • 18244373680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive complications after coronary artery bypass surgery
    • Selnes O.A., McKhann G.M. Neurocognitive complications after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Neurol 2005, 57:615.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 615
    • Selnes, O.A.1    McKhann, G.M.2
  • 33
    • 44049087690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain and behavior changes in 12-month-old Tg2576 and nontransgenic mice exposed to anesthetics
    • Bianchi S.L., Tran T., Liu C., et al. Brain and behavior changes in 12-month-old Tg2576 and nontransgenic mice exposed to anesthetics. Neurobiol Aging 2008, 29:1002.
    • (2008) Neurobiol Aging , vol.29 , pp. 1002
    • Bianchi, S.L.1    Tran, T.2    Liu, C.3
  • 34
    • 1642540167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impairment of acquisition of a spatial memory task following isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in rats
    • Culley D.J., Baxter M.G., Yukhananov R., et al. Long-term impairment of acquisition of a spatial memory task following isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in rats. Anesthesiology 2004, 100:309.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.100 , pp. 309
    • Culley, D.J.1    Baxter, M.G.2    Yukhananov, R.3
  • 35
    • 0348209604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does anaesthesia cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction? A randomised study of regional versus general anaesthesia in 438 elderly patients
    • Rasmussen L.S., Johnson T., Kuipers H.M., et al. Does anaesthesia cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction? A randomised study of regional versus general anaesthesia in 438 elderly patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003, 47:260.
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.47 , pp. 260
    • Rasmussen, L.S.1    Johnson, T.2    Kuipers, H.M.3
  • 36
    • 4344594155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled anesthetic enhancement of amyloid-beta oligomerization and cytotoxicity
    • Eckenhoff R.G., Johansson J.S., Wei H., et al. Inhaled anesthetic enhancement of amyloid-beta oligomerization and cytotoxicity. Anesthesiology 2004, 101:703.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 703
    • Eckenhoff, R.G.1    Johansson, J.S.2    Wei, H.3
  • 37
    • 34247497682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative impairment of cognitive function in rats: a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus
    • Wan Y., Xu J., Ma D., et al. Postoperative impairment of cognitive function in rats: a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus. Anesthesiology 2007, 106:436.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.106 , pp. 436
    • Wan, Y.1    Xu, J.2    Ma, D.3
  • 38
    • 77950861975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function after major noncardiac surgery, apolipoprotein E4 genotype, and biomarkers of brain injury
    • McDonagh D.L., Mathew J.P., White W.D., et al. Cognitive function after major noncardiac surgery, apolipoprotein E4 genotype, and biomarkers of brain injury. Anesthesiology 2010, 112:852.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.112 , pp. 852
    • McDonagh, D.L.1    Mathew, J.P.2    White, W.D.3
  • 40
    • 44649178281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the effects of general anesthetics on developing brain structure and neurocognitive function
    • Loepke A.W., Soriano S.G. An assessment of the effects of general anesthetics on developing brain structure and neurocognitive function. Anesth Analg 2008, 106:1681.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 1681
    • Loepke, A.W.1    Soriano, S.G.2
  • 41
    • 0032947526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain
    • Ikonomidou C., Bosch F., Miksa M., et al. Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Science 1999, 283:70.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 70
    • Ikonomidou, C.1    Bosch, F.2    Miksa, M.3
  • 42
    • 0034635370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome
    • Ikonomidou C., Bittigau P., Ishimaru M.J., et al. Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome. Science 2000, 287:1056.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1056
    • Ikonomidou, C.1    Bittigau, P.2    Ishimaru, M.J.3
  • 44
    • 0036263574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of xenon on in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury
    • Wilhelm S., Ma D., Maze M., et al. Effects of xenon on in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury. Anesthesiology 2002, 96:1485.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 1485
    • Wilhelm, S.1    Ma, D.2    Maze, M.3
  • 45
    • 0037372183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenon attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat
    • Ma D., Yang H., Lynch J., et al. Xenon attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat. Anesthesiology 2003, 98:690.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.98 , pp. 690
    • Ma, D.1    Yang, H.2    Lynch, J.3
  • 46
    • 38549107002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroprotective effects of xenon and helium in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury
    • Coburn M., Maze M., Franks N.P. The neuroprotective effects of xenon and helium in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:588.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 588
    • Coburn, M.1    Maze, M.2    Franks, N.P.3
  • 47
    • 34147169147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenon mitigates isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rodent brain
    • Ma D., Williamson P., Januszewski A., et al. Xenon mitigates isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rodent brain. Anesthesiology 2007, 106:746.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.106 , pp. 746
    • Ma, D.1    Williamson, P.2    Januszewski, A.3
  • 48
    • 38449123896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive inhibition at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor by the anesthetics xenon and isoflurane: evidence from molecular modeling and electrophysiology
    • Dickinson R., Peterson B.K., Banks P., et al. Competitive inhibition at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor by the anesthetics xenon and isoflurane: evidence from molecular modeling and electrophysiology. Anesthesiology 2007, 107:756.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , pp. 756
    • Dickinson, R.1    Peterson, B.K.2    Banks, P.3
  • 49
    • 34447096044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and early cognitive function in the elderly after xenon or desflurane anaesthesia: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
    • Coburn M., Baumert J.H., Roertgen D., et al. Emergence and early cognitive function in the elderly after xenon or desflurane anaesthesia: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2007, 98:756.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.98 , pp. 756
    • Coburn, M.1    Baumert, J.H.2    Roertgen, D.3
  • 50
    • 65549133315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after xenon versus propofol anesthesia for major noncardiac surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled pilot study
    • Hocker J., Stapelfeldt C., Leiendecker J., et al. Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after xenon versus propofol anesthesia for major noncardiac surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled pilot study. Anesthesiology 2009, 110:1068.
    • (2009) Anesthesiology , vol.110 , pp. 1068
    • Hocker, J.1    Stapelfeldt, C.2    Leiendecker, J.3
  • 51
    • 77951629600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon: neuroprotection in in vitro models of cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury
    • Loetscher P.D., Rossaint J., Rossaint R., et al. Argon: neuroprotection in in vitro models of cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Crit Care 2009, 13:R206.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13
    • Loetscher, P.D.1    Rossaint, J.2    Rossaint, R.3
  • 52
    • 0035832095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-soluble propofol analogues with intravenous anaesthetic activity
    • Cooke A., Anderson A., Buchanan K., et al. Water-soluble propofol analogues with intravenous anaesthetic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001, 11:927.
    • (2001) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.11 , pp. 927
    • Cooke, A.1    Anderson, A.2    Buchanan, K.3
  • 53
    • 77950984182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requested retraction of six studies on the PK/PD and tolerability of fospropofol
    • Struys M.M., Fechner J., Schuttler J., et al. Requested retraction of six studies on the PK/PD and tolerability of fospropofol. Anesth Analg 2010, 110:1240.
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , pp. 1240
    • Struys, M.M.1    Fechner, J.2    Schuttler, J.3
  • 54
    • 68249158184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methoxycarbonyl-etomidate: a novel rapidly metabolized and ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue that does not produce prolonged adrenocortical suppression
    • Cotten J.F., Husain S.S., Forman S.A., et al. Methoxycarbonyl-etomidate: a novel rapidly metabolized and ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue that does not produce prolonged adrenocortical suppression. Anesthesiology 2009, 111:240.
    • (2009) Anesthesiology , vol.111 , pp. 240
    • Cotten, J.F.1    Husain, S.S.2    Forman, S.A.3
  • 55
    • 77649146802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carboetomidate: a pyrrole analog of etomidate designed not to suppress adrenocortical function
    • Cotten J.F., Forman S.A., Laha J.K., et al. Carboetomidate: a pyrrole analog of etomidate designed not to suppress adrenocortical function. Anesthesiology 2010, 112:637.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.112 , pp. 637
    • Cotten, J.F.1    Forman, S.A.2    Laha, J.K.3
  • 56
    • 16344374288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for high-affinity volatile anesthetic binding in a natural 4-helix bundle protein
    • Liu R., Loll P.J., Eckenhoff R.G. Structural basis for high-affinity volatile anesthetic binding in a natural 4-helix bundle protein. FASEB J 2005, 19:567.
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , pp. 567
    • Liu, R.1    Loll, P.J.2    Eckenhoff, R.G.3
  • 57
    • 69949157213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unitary anesthetic binding site at high resolution
    • Vedula L.S., Brannigan G., Economou N.J., et al. A unitary anesthetic binding site at high resolution. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:24176.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 24176
    • Vedula, L.S.1    Brannigan, G.2    Economou, N.J.3
  • 58
    • 66149142795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a fluorescent general anesthetic, 1-aminoanthracene
    • Butts C.A., Xi J., Brannigan G., et al. Identification of a fluorescent general anesthetic, 1-aminoanthracene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:6501.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 6501
    • Butts, C.A.1    Xi, J.2    Brannigan, G.3
  • 59
    • 70349508946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-throughput approach for identification of novel general anesthetics
    • Lea W.A., Xi J., Jadhav A., et al. A high-throughput approach for identification of novel general anesthetics. PLoS One 2009, 4:e7150.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Lea, W.A.1    Xi, J.2    Jadhav, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.