메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1495-1509

Neighborhood-based verification of precipitation forecasts from convection-allowing NCAR WRF model simulations and the operational NAM

Author keywords

Convection; Forecast verification; Operational forecasting; Precipitation; Summer warm season

Indexed keywords

CONVECTION; FORECAST VERIFICATION; OPERATIONAL FORECASTING; PRECIPITATION; SUMMER/WARM SEASON;

EID: 78149294761     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010WAF2222404.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (136)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0344467284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of precipitation forecast skill scores to bilinear interpolation and a simple nearest-neighbor average method on high-resolution verification grids
    • Accadia, C, S. Mariani, M. Casaioli, A. Lavagnini, and A. Speranza, 2003: Sensitivity of precipitation forecast skill scores to bilinear interpolation and a simple nearest-neighbor average method on high-resolution verification grids. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 918-932.
    • (2003) Wea. Forecasting , vol.18 , pp. 918-932
    • Accadia, C.1    Mariani, S.2    Casaioli, M.3    Lavagnini, A.4    Speranza, A.5
  • 2
    • 0036693803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methodologies for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting
    • Applequist, S., G. E. Gahrs, R. L. Pfeffer, and X. F. Niu, 2002: Comparison of methodologies for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 17,783-799.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 783-799
    • Applequist, S.1    Gahrs, G.E.2    Pfeffer, R.L.3    Niu, X.F.4
  • 3
    • 0002775014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP hourly multisensor U.S. precipitation analysis for operations and GCIP research. Preprints
    • Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Baldwin, M. E., and K. E. Mitchell, 1997: The NCEP hourly multisensor U.S. precipitation analysis for operations and GCIP research. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 54-55.
    • (1997) 13th Conf. on Hydrology , pp. 54-55
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Mitchell, K.E.2
  • 4
    • 33748542599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of several performance measures to displacement error, bias, and event frequency
    • Baldwin, M. E., and J. S. Kain, 2006: Sensitivity of several performance measures to displacement error, bias, and event frequency. Wea. Forecasting, 21, 636-648.
    • (2006) Wea. Forecasting , vol.21 , pp. 636-648
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Kain, J.S.2
  • 5
    • 0012336287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verification of mesoscale features in NWP models. Preprints
    • Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Baldwin, M. E., S. Lakshmivarahan, and J. S. Kain, 2001: Verification of mesoscale features in NWP models. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 255-258.
    • (2001) Ninth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes , pp. 255-258
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Lakshmivarahan, S.2    Kain, J.S.3
  • 6
    • 3042798251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for MM5: Implementation and initial results
    • Barker, D. M., W. Huang, Y. R. Guo, A. J. Bourgeois, and Q. N. Xiao, 2004: A three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for MM5: Implementation and initial results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 897-914.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 897-914
    • Barker, D.M.1    Huang, W.2    Guo, Y.R.3    Bourgeois, A.J.4    Xiao, Q.N.5
  • 7
    • 0022849418 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis
    • Betts, A. K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112,677-691.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 677-691
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 8
    • 0022831164 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and Arctic air-mass data sets
    • Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and Arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 693-709
    • Betts, A.K.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 9
    • 3342925156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new intensity-scale approach for the verification of spatial precipitation forecasts
    • Casati, B., G Ross, and D. B. Stephenson, 2004: A new intensity-scale approach for the verification of spatial precipitation forecasts. Meteor. Appl., 11,141-154.
    • (2004) Meteor. Appl. , vol.11 , pp. 141-154
    • Casati, B.1    Ross, G.2    Stephenson, D.B.3
  • 10
    • 42549087576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecast verification: Current status and future directions
    • Coauthors
    • Casati, B., and Coauthors, 2008: Forecast verification: Current status and future directions. Meteor. Appl., 15, 3-18.
    • (2008) Meteor. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 3-18
    • Casati, B.1
  • 11
    • 0035303091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling and advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity
    • Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling and advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 569-585
    • Chen, F.1    Dudhia, J.2
  • 12
    • 33947430528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and evaluation of the characteristics of the NCAR High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System
    • Coauthors
    • Chen, F., and Coauthors, 2007: Description and evaluation of the characteristics of the NCAR High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 694-713.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.46 , pp. 694-713
    • Chen, F.1
  • 13
    • 35748966440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the diurnal precipitation cycle in convection-resolving and non-convection-resolving mesoscale models
    • Clark, A. J., W. A. Gallus, and T. C. Chen, 2007: Comparison of the diurnal precipitation cycle in convection-resolving and non-convection-resolving mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3456-3473.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 3456-3473
    • Clark, A.J.1    Gallus, W.A.2    Chen, T.C.3
  • 14
    • 74549175657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of precipitation forecast skill between small convection-allowing and large convection-parameterizing ensembles
    • Clark, A. J., W. A. Gallus Jr., M. Xue, and F. Kong, 2009: A comparison of precipitation forecast skill between small convection-allowing and large convection-parameterizing ensembles. Wea. Forecasting, 24,1121-1140.
    • (2009) Wea. Forecasting , vol.24 , pp. 1121-1140
    • Clark, A.J.1    Gallus W.A., Jr.2    Xue, M.3    Kong, F.4
  • 15
    • 0346752401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherence of warm season continental rainfall in numerical weather prediction models
    • Davis, C. A., K. W. Manning, R. E. Carbone, S. B. Trier, and J. D. Tuttle, 2003: Coherence of warm season continental rainfall in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2667-2679.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 2667-2679
    • Davis, C.A.1    Manning, K.W.2    Carbone, R.E.3    Trier, S.B.4    Tuttle, J.D.5
  • 16
    • 33745808138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Object-based verification of precipitation forecasts. Part II: Application to convective rain systems
    • Davis, C. A., B. Brown, and R. Bullock, 2006: Object-based verification of precipitation forecasts. Part II: Application to convective rain systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134,1785-1795.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 1785-1795
    • Davis, C.A.1    Brown, B.2    Bullock, R.3
  • 17
    • 28944448519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The next generation of NWP: Explicit forecasts of convection using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model
    • Done, J., C. A. Davis, and M. L. Weisman, 2004: The next generation of NWP: Explicit forecasts of convection using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 5,110-117.
    • (2004) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 110-117
    • Done, J.1    Davis, C.A.2    Weisman, M.L.3
  • 18
    • 0024921060 scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model
    • Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3077-3107
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 19
    • 0035475022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability of a poor man's ensemble to predict the probability and distribution of precipitation
    • Ebert, E. E., 2001: Ability of a poor man's ensemble to predict the probability and distribution of precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2461-2480.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 2461-2480
    • Ebert, E.E.1
  • 20
    • 42549164516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuzzy verification of high resolution gridded forecasts: A review and proposed framework
    • Ebert, E. E., 2008: Fuzzy verification of high resolution gridded forecasts: A review and proposed framework. Meteor. Appl., 15, 51-64.
    • (2008) Meteor. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 51-64
    • Ebert, E.E.1
  • 21
    • 74549158775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood verification: A strategy for rewarding close forecasts. Wea
    • Ebert, E. E., 2009: Neighborhood verification: A strategy for rewarding close forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 24,1498-1510.
    • (2009) Forecasting , vol.24 , pp. 1498-1510
    • Ebert, E.E.1
  • 22
    • 0034694862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verification of precipitation in weather systems: Determination of systematic errors
    • Ebert, E. E., and J. L. McBride, 2000: Verification of precipitation in weather systems: Determination of systematic errors. J. Hydrol., 239,179-202.
    • (2000) J. Hydrol. , vol.239 , pp. 179-202
    • Ebert, E.E.1    Mcbride, J.L.2
  • 23
    • 23144455758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of effective mesoscale, short-range ensemble forecasting
    • Eckel, F. A., and C F. Mass, 2005: Aspects of effective mesoscale, short-range ensemble forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 20,328-350.
    • (2005) Wea. Forecasting , vol.20 , pp. 328-350
    • Eckel, F.A.1    Mass, C.F.2
  • 24
    • 33750541119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Modeling Center, NCEP Office Note 442
    • Environmental Modeling Center, 2003: The GFS atmospheric model. NCEP Office Note 442, 14 pp. [Available online at http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/officenotes/newernotes/on442.pdf.]
    • (2003) The GFS atmospheric model , pp. 14
  • 25
    • 0016532783 scopus 로고
    • The simplified exchange approximation: A new method for radiative transfer calculations
    • Fels, S. B., and M. D. Schwarzkopf, 1975: The simplified exchange approximation: A new method for radiative transfer calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1475-1488.
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1475-1488
    • Fels, S.B.1    Schwarzkopf, M.D.2
  • 26
    • 0347145668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a new grid-scale cloud and rainfall scheme in the NCEP Eta Model. Preprints
    • San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Ferrier, B. S., Y. Jin, Y. Lin, T. Black, E. Rogers, and G. DiMego, 2002: Implementation of a new grid-scale cloud and rainfall scheme in the NCEP Eta Model. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 280-283.
    • (2002) 15th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction , pp. 280-283
    • Ferrier, B.S.1    Jin, Y.2    Lin, Y.3    Black, T.4    Rogers, E.5    Dimego, G.6
  • 27
    • 4143114555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warm season: A USWRP research and development strategy
    • Fritsch, J. M., and R. E. Carbone, 2004: Improving quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warm season: A USWRP research and development strategy. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 955-965.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.85 , pp. 955-965
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Carbone, R.E.2
  • 28
    • 0036925447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of verification grid-box size on warm-season QPF skill measures
    • Gallus, W. A., Jr., 2002: Impact of verification grid-box size on warm-season QPF skill measures. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 1296-1302.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 1296-1302
    • Gallus W.A., Jr.1
  • 31
    • 33745812400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of a modified Ebert-McBride technique to evaluate mesoscale model QPF as a function of convective system morphology during IHOP 2002
    • Grams, J. S., W. A. Gallus, S. E. Koch, L. S. Wharton, A. Loughe, and E. E. Ebert, 2006: The use of a modified Ebert-McBride technique to evaluate mesoscale model QPF as a function of convective system morphology during IHOP 2002. Wea. Forecasting, 21, 288-306.
    • (2006) Wea. Forecasting , vol.21 , pp. 288-306
    • Grams, J.S.1    Gallus, W.A.2    Koch, S.E.3    Wharton, L.S.4    Loughe, A.5    Ebert, E.E.6
  • 32
    • 0033117844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis tests for evaluating numerical precipitation forecasts
    • Hamill, T. M., 1999: Hypothesis tests for evaluating numerical precipitation forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 155-167.
    • (1999) Wea. Forecasting , vol.14 , pp. 155-167
    • Hamill, T.M.1
  • 33
    • 33748988978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6)
    • Hong, S.-Y., and J.-O. J. Lim, 2006: The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6). J. Kor. Meteor. Soc., 42, 129-151.
    • (2006) J. Kor. Meteor. Soc. , vol.42 , pp. 129-151
    • Hong, S.-Y.1    Lim, J.-O.J.2
  • 34
    • 0028607757 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes
    • Janjić, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 927-945
    • Janjić, Z.I.1
  • 36
    • 0344036005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonhydrostatic model based on a new approach
    • Janjić, Z. I., 2003: A nonhydrostatic model based on a new approach. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 82, 271-285.
    • (2003) Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , vol.82 , pp. 271-285
    • Janjić, Z.I.1
  • 37
    • 63449133890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantile-based short-range QPF evaluation over Switzerland
    • Jenkner, J., C Frei, and C Schwierz, 2008: Quantile-based short-range QPF evaluation over Switzerland. Meteor. Z., 17,827-848.
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 827-848
    • Jenkner, J.1    Frei, C.2    Schwierz, C.3
  • 38
    • 0344036149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective verification of numerical models as a component of a broader interaction between research and operations
    • Kain, J. S., M. E. Baldwin, P. R. Janish, S. J. Weiss, M. P. Kay, and G. W. Carbin, 2003: Subjective verification of numerical models as a component of a broader interaction between research and operations. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 847-860.
    • (2003) Wea. Forecasting , vol.18 , pp. 847-860
    • Kain, J.S.1    Baldwin, M.E.2    Janish, P.R.3    Weiss, S.J.4    Kay, M.P.5    Carbin, G.W.6
  • 39
    • 60349094858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some practical considerations regarding horizontal resolution in the first generation of operational convection-allowing NWP
    • Coauthors
    • Kain, J. S., and Coauthors, 2008: Some practical considerations regarding horizontal resolution in the first generation of operational convection-allowing NWP. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 931-952.
    • (2008) Wea. Forecasting , vol.23 , pp. 931-952
    • Kain, J.S.1
  • 40
    • 0015960869 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere
    • Lacis, A. A., and J. E. Hansen, 1974: A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 118-133.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 118-133
    • Lacis, A.A.1    Hansen, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y. L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.L.1    Farley, R.D.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 42
    • 32144451152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit and parameterized episodes of warm-season precipitation over the continental United States
    • Liu, C, M. W. Moncrieff, J. D. Turtle, and R. E. Carbone, 2006: Explicit and parameterized episodes of warm-season precipitation over the continental United States. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 23, 91-105.
    • (2006) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 91-105
    • Liu, C.1    Moncrieff, M.W.2    Turtle, J.D.3    Carbone, R.E.4
  • 43
    • 0036243674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts?
    • Mass, C F., D. Ovens, K. Westrick, and B. A. Colle, 2002: Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 407-430.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 407-430
    • Mass, C.F.1    Ovens, D.2    Westrick, K.3    Colle, B.A.4
  • 44
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor, G L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 45
    • 42149125561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias adjusted precipitation threat scores
    • Mesinger, F., 2008: Bias adjusted precipitation threat scores. Adv. Geosci., 16, 137-142.
    • (2008) Adv. Geosci. , vol.16 , pp. 137-142
    • Mesinger, F.1
  • 46
    • 0000453046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the long-wave
    • Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the long-wave. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D14), 16 663-16 682.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D14 , pp. 16663-16682
    • Mlawer, E.J.1    Taubman, S.J.2    Brown, P.D.3    Iacono, M.J.4    Clough, S.A.5
  • 47
    • 0026458410 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review
    • Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1992: Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 326-344
    • Molinari, J.1    Dudek, M.2
  • 48
    • 16544390588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale verification using meteorological composites
    • Nachamkin, J. E., 2004: Mesoscale verification using meteorological composites. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 941-955.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 941-955
    • Nachamkin, J.E.1
  • 49
    • 0037408693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of the K-profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data
    • Noh, Y., W. G Cheon, S.-Y. Hong, and S. Raasch, 2003: Improvement of the K-profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 107, 401-427.
    • (2003) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.107 , pp. 401-427
    • Noh, Y.1    Cheon, W.G.2    Hong, S.-Y.3    Raasch, S.4
  • 50
    • 0001828304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regional 3D-variational analysis for the ETA model. Preprints
    • Norfolk, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Parrish, D., J. Purser, E. Rogers, and Y. Lin, 1996: The regional 3D-variational analysis for the ETA model. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Norfolk, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 454-455.
    • (1996) 11th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction , pp. 454-455
    • Parrish, D.1    Purser, J.2    Rogers, E.3    Lin, Y.4
  • 51
    • 39749151765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-selective verification of rainfall accumulations from high-resolution forecasts of convective events
    • Roberts, N. M., and H. W. Lean, 2008: Scale-selective verification of rainfall accumulations from high-resolution forecasts of convective events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 78-97.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 78-97
    • Roberts, N.M.1    Lean, H.W.2
  • 52
    • 0000322510 scopus 로고
    • The critical success index as an indicator of warning skill
    • Schaefer, J. T., 1990: The critical success index as an indicator of warning skill. Wea. Forecasting, 5, 570-575.
    • (1990) Wea. Forecasting , vol.5 , pp. 570-575
    • Schaefer, J.T.1
  • 53
    • 77953584929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward improved convection-allowing ensembles: Model physics sensitivities and optimizing probabilistic guidance with small ensemble membership
    • Coauthors
    • Schwartz, C S., and Coauthors, 2010: Toward improved convection-allowing ensembles: Model physics sensitivities and optimizing probabilistic guidance with small ensemble membership. Wea. Forecasting, 25, 263-280.
    • (2010) Wea. Forecasting , vol.25 , pp. 263-280
    • Schwartz, C.S.1
  • 54
    • 0022170723 scopus 로고
    • Improvements to the algorithm for computing CO2 transmissivities and cooling rates
    • Schwarzkopf, M. D., and S. B. Fels, 1985: Improvements to the algorithm for computing CO2 transmissivities and cooling rates. J. Geophys. Res., 90 (D6), 541-550.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , Issue.D6 , pp. 541-550
    • Schwarzkopf, M.D.1    Fels, S.B.2
  • 55
    • 33747759393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive-definite and monotonic limiters for unrestricted-time-step transport schemes
    • Skamarock, W. C, 2006: Positive-definite and monotonic limiters for unrestricted-time-step transport schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2241-2250.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2241-2250
    • Skamarock, W.C.1
  • 56
    • 64149109408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of positive-definite moisture transport on NWP precipitation forecasts
    • Skamarock, W. C, and M. L. Weisman, 2009: The impact of positive-definite moisture transport on NWP precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 488-494.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 488-494
    • Skamarock, W.C.1    Weisman, M.L.2
  • 58
    • 1542645674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis
    • Thompson, G, R. M. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 519-542
    • Thompson, G.1    Rasmussen, R.M.2    Manning, K.3
  • 59
    • 70350002157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of NAM forecasts on midtropospheric perturbation-induced convective storms over the U.S. northern plains
    • Wang, S. Y., T. C Chen, and S. E. Taylor, 2009: Evaluations of NAM forecasts on midtropospheric perturbation-induced convective storms over the U.S. northern plains. Wea. Forecasting, 24, 1309-1333.
    • (2009) Wea. Forecasting , vol.24 , pp. 1309-1333
    • Wang, S.Y.1    Chen, T.C.2    Taylor, S.E.3
  • 60
    • 12144287822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O Project (IHOP_2002) and some preliminary highlights
    • Coauthors
    • 2O Project (IHOP_2002) and some preliminary highlights. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 253-277.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.85 , pp. 253-277
    • Weckwerth, T.M.1
  • 61
    • 0001093825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resolution dependence of explicitly modeled convective systems
    • Weisman, M. L., W. C Skamarock, and J. B. Klemp, 1997: The resolution dependence of explicitly modeled convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 527-548.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 527-548
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Skamarock, W.C.2    Klemp, J.B.3
  • 62
    • 48649108162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences with 0-36-h explicit convective forecasts with the WRF-ARW model
    • Weisman, M. L., C Davis, W. Wang, K. W. Manning, and J. B. Klemp, 2008: Experiences with 0-36-h explicit convective forecasts with the WRF-ARW model. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 407-437.
    • (2008) Wea. Forecasting , vol.23 , pp. 407-437
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Davis, C.2    Wang, W.3    Manning, K.W.4    Klemp, J.B.5
  • 64
    • 0036968196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional variational analysis with spatially inhomogeneous covariances
    • Wu, W., R. J. Purser, and D. F. Parrish, 2002: Three dimensional variational analysis with spatially inhomogeneous covariances. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2905-2916.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 2905-2916
    • Wu, W.1    Purser, R.J.2    Parrish, D.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.