메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 363, Issue 19, 2010, Pages 1855-1862

Using market-exclusivity incentives to promote pharmaceutical innovation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; GENERIC DRUG; TERAZOSIN;

EID: 78049521348     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMhle1002961     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (85)
  • 2
    • 59449088862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century - A clinical super-challenge
    • Arias CA, Murray BE. Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century - a clinical super-challenge. N Engl J Med 2009;360:439-43.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 439-443
    • Arias, C.A.1    Murray, B.E.2
  • 3
    • 0037157590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug development for neglected diseases: A deficient market and a public-health policy failure
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09096-7
    • Trouiller P, Olliaro P, Torreele E, Orbinski J, Laing R, Ford N. Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure. Lancet 2002;359:2188-94. (Pubitemid 34694030)
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9324 , pp. 2188-2194
    • Trouiller, P.1    Olliaro, P.2    Torreele, E.3    Orbinski, J.4    Laing, R.5    Ford, N.6
  • 4
    • 46749083039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways across the valley of death: Novel intellectual property strategies for accelerated drug discovery
    • Rai AK, Reichman JH, Uhlir PF, Crossman C. Pathways across the valley of death: novel intellectual property strategies for accelerated drug discovery. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics 2008;8:1-36.
    • (2008) Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics , vol.8 , pp. 1-36
    • Rai, A.K.1    Reichman, J.H.2    Uhlir, P.F.3    Crossman, C.4
  • 5
    • 33745956680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry sweats after patent verdict
    • Frantz S. Industry sweats after patent verdict. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:443-4.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.5 , pp. 443-444
    • Frantz, S.1
  • 7
    • 70350128141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing innovation and access: Patent challenges tip the scales
    • Higgins MJ, Graham SJH. Balancing innovation and access: patent challenges tip the scales. Science 2009;326:370-1.
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 370-371
    • Higgins, M.J.1    Graham, S.J.H.2
  • 8
    • 64149099072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpatentable drugs and the standards of patentability
    • Roin BN. Unpatentable drugs and the standards of patentability. Tex Law Rev 2009;87:503-70.
    • (2009) Tex Law Rev , vol.87 , pp. 503-570
    • Roin, B.N.1
  • 9
    • 57349151132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug development for neglected diseases - The trouble with FDA review vouchers
    • Kesselheim AS. Drug development for neglected diseases - the trouble with FDA review vouchers. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1981-3.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1981-1983
    • Kesselheim, A.S.1
  • 10
    • 33645680700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing drugs for developing countries
    • Millwood
    • Ridley DB, Grabowski HG, Moe JL. Developing drugs for developing countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2006;25:313-24.
    • (2006) Health Aff , vol.25 , pp. 313-324
    • Ridley, D.B.1    Grabowski, H.G.2    Moe, J.L.3
  • 11
    • 77149173500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market exclusivity for biologics
    • Wheadon DE. Market exclusivity for biologics. N Engl J Med 2010;362:661.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 661
    • Wheadon, D.E.1
  • 12
    • 77958040408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State generic substitution laws can lower drug outlays under Medicaid
    • Millwood
    • Shrank WH, Choudhry NK, Agnew-Blais J, et al. State generic substitution laws can lower drug outlays under Medicaid. Health Aff (Millwood) 2010;29:1383-90.
    • (2010) Health Aff , vol.29 , pp. 1383-1390
    • Shrank, W.H.1    Choudhry, N.K.2    Agnew-Blais, J.3
  • 14
    • 78650483446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With expanded coverage for the poor, fears of a big headache
    • April 27
    • Rabin RC. With expanded coverage for the poor, fears of a big headache. New York Times. April 27, 2010.
    • (2010) New York Times
    • Rabin, R.C.1
  • 15
    • 0035941514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons
    • Tamblyn R, Laprise R, Hanley JA, et al. Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons. JAMA 2001;285:421-9.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 421-429
    • Tamblyn, R.1    Laprise, R.2    Hanley, J.A.3
  • 16
    • 85031251717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Act of Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-517, 94 Stat. 3015-3028 (codified as amended at 35 U.S.C. 200-211, 301-307 (1994))
    • Act of Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-517, 94 Stat. 3015-3028 (codified as amended at 35 U.S.C. 200-211, 301-307 (1994)).
  • 18
    • 0346720525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public research and private development: Patents and technology transfer in government-sponsored research
    • Eisenberg RS. Public research and private development: patents and technology transfer in government-sponsored research. VA Law Rev 1996;82:1663-727.
    • (1996) VA Law Rev , vol.82 , pp. 1663-1727
    • Eisenberg, R.S.1
  • 19
    • 0013311853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numbers, quality, and entry: How has the Bayh-Dole Act affected U.S. patenting and licensing?
    • Jaffe AB, Lerner J, Stern S, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Mowery DC, Ziedonis AA. Numbers, quality, and entry: how has the Bayh-Dole Act affected U.S. patenting and licensing? In: Jaffe AB, Lerner J, Stern S, eds. Innovation policy and the economy. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001:187-220.
    • (2001) Innovation Policy and the Economy , vol.1 , pp. 187-220
    • Mowery, D.C.1    Ziedonis, A.A.2
  • 20
    • 0032373981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universities as a source of commercial technology: A detailed analysis of university patenting: 1965-1988
    • Henderson R, Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M. Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting: 1965-1988. Rev Econ Stat 2001;80:119-27.
    • (2001) Rev Econ Stat , vol.80 , pp. 119-127
    • Henderson, R.1    Jaffe, A.B.2    Trajtenberg, M.3
  • 21
    • 0039332029 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: April GAO publication no. RCED-87-44
    • Patent policy: recent changes in federal law considered beneficial. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office, April 1987. (GAO publication no. RCED-87-44.) (http://archive.gao.gov/ t2pbat21/132994.pdf.)
    • (1987) Patent Policy: Recent Changes in Federal Law Considered Beneficial
  • 22
    • 0001139237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proofs and prototypes for sale: The licensing of University inventions
    • Jensen R, Thursby M. Proofs and prototypes for sale: the licensing of university inventions. Am Econ Rev 2001;91:240-59. (Pubitemid 33594479)
    • (2001) American Economic Review , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 240-259
    • Jensen, R.1    Thursby, M.2
  • 25
    • 0346657500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: An assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980
    • Idem.
    • Idem. The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Res Policy 2001;30:99-119.
    • (2001) Res Policy , vol.30 , pp. 99-119
    • Mowery, D.C.1    Nelson, R.R.2    Sampat, B.N.3    Ziedonis, A.A.4
  • 26
    • 0141681123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole Act: A re-examination
    • Sampat BN, Mowery DC, Ziedonis AA. Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole Act: a re-examination. Int J Ind Organ 2003;21:1371-90.
    • (2003) Int J Ind Organ , vol.21 , pp. 1371-1390
    • Sampat, B.N.1    Mowery, D.C.2    Ziedonis, A.A.3
  • 27
    • 29544447648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology licensing: Lessons from the US experience
    • Sobolski GK, Barton JH, Emanuel EJ. Technology licensing: lessons from the US experience. JAMA 2005;294:3137-40.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 3137-3140
    • Sobolski, G.K.1    Barton, J.H.2    Emanuel, E.J.3
  • 28
    • 57949108752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. universities' net returns from patenting and licensing: A quantile regression analysis
    • Bulut H, Moschini G. U.S. universities' net returns from patenting and licensing: a quantile regression analysis. Econ Innovation New Technol 2009;18:123-37.
    • (2009) Econ Innovation New Technol , vol.18 , pp. 123-137
    • Bulut, H.1    Moschini, G.2
  • 29
    • 0032076909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research
    • Heller MA, Eisenberg RS. Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research. Science 1998;280:698-701.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 698-701
    • Heller, M.A.1    Eisenberg, R.S.2
  • 30
    • 0037160567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data with-holding in academic genetics: Evidence from a national survey
    • Campbell EG, Clarridge BR, Gokhale M, et al. Data with-holding in academic genetics: evidence from a national survey. JAMA 2002;287:473-81.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 473-481
    • Campbell, E.G.1    Clarridge, B.R.2    Gokhale, M.3
  • 31
    • 0030903440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withholding research results in academic life science: Evidence from a national survey of faculty
    • Blumenthal D, Campbell EG, Anderson MS, Causino N, Louis KS. Withholding research results in academic life science: evidence from a national survey of faculty. JAMA 1997; 277:1224-8.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1224-1228
    • Blumenthal, D.1    Campbell, E.G.2    Anderson, M.S.3    Causino, N.4    Louis, K.S.5
  • 32
    • 25444510682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • View from the bench: Patents and material transfers
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1115813
    • Walsh JP, Cho C, Cohen WM. View from the bench: patents and material transfers. Science 2005;309:2002-3. (Pubitemid 41362303)
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , Issue.5743 , pp. 2002-2003
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Cho, C.2    Cohen, W.M.3
  • 33
    • 0037436166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working through the patient problem
    • Walsh JP, Cohen WH, Arora A. Working through the patient problem. Science 2003;299:1021.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1021
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Cohen, W.H.2    Arora, A.3
  • 34
    • 13844253332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University-based science and biotechnology products: Defining the boundaries of intellectual property
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.293.7.850
    • Kesselheim AS, Avorn J. University-based science and biotechnology products: defining the boundaries of intellectual property. JAMA 2005;293:850-4. (Pubitemid 40250369)
    • (2005) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.293 , Issue.7 , pp. 850-854
    • Kesselheim, A.S.1    Avorn, J.2
  • 35
    • 54949130185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Bayh-Dole good for developing countries? Lessons from the US experience
    • So AD, Sampat BN, Rai AK, et al. Is Bayh-Dole good for developing countries? Lessons from the US experience. PLoS Biol 2008;6(10):e262.
    • (2008) PLoS Biol , vol.6 , Issue.10
    • So, A.D.1    Sampat, B.N.2    Rai, A.K.3
  • 36
    • 85031268974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 21 U.S.C. 360bb(a)(2) (2008)
    • 21 U.S.C. 360bb(a)(2) (2008).
  • 37
  • 38
    • 32044463568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adopting orphan drugs - Two dozen years of treating rare diseases
    • Haffner ME. Adopting orphan drugs - two dozen years of treating rare diseases. N Engl J Med 2006;354:445-7.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 445-447
    • Haffner, M.E.1
  • 39
    • 57649109461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical research for rare disease: Opportunities, challenges, and solutions
    • Griggs RC, Batshaw M, Dunkle M, et al. Clinical research for rare disease: opportunities, challenges, and solutions. Mol Genet Metab 2009;96:20-6.
    • (2009) Mol Genet Metab , vol.96 , pp. 20-26
    • Griggs, R.C.1    Batshaw, M.2    Dunkle, M.3
  • 40
    • 34147140020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation and development of the public service orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin
    • Arnon SS. Creation and development of the public service orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin. Pediatrics 2007;119:785-9.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , pp. 785-789
    • Arnon, S.S.1
  • 41
    • 0026464728 scopus 로고
    • Creating the costliest orphan: The Orphan Drug Act in the development of Ceredase
    • Goldman DP, Clarke AE, Garber AM. Creating the costliest orphan: the Orphan Drug Act in the development of Ceredase. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1992;8:583-97.
    • (1992) Int J Technol Assess Health Care , vol.8 , pp. 583-597
    • Goldman, D.P.1    Clarke, A.E.2    Garber, A.M.3
  • 42
    • 0028788896 scopus 로고
    • The economics of orphan drug policy in the US: Can the legislation be improved?
    • Peabody JW, Ruby A, Cannon P. The economics of orphan drug policy in the US: can the legislation be improved? Pharmacoeconomics 1995;8:374-84.
    • (1995) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.8 , pp. 374-384
    • Peabody, J.W.1    Ruby, A.2    Cannon, P.3
  • 44
    • 70349880348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R&D policy, agency costs and innovation in personalized medicine
    • Yin W. R&D policy, agency costs and innovation in personalized medicine. J Health Econ 2009;28:950-62.
    • (2009) J Health Econ , vol.28 , pp. 950-962
    • Yin, W.1
  • 45
    • 0029183838 scopus 로고
    • Rare diseases, drug development, and AIDS: The impact of the Orphan Drug Act
    • Arno PS, Bonuck K, Davis M. Rare diseases, drug development, and AIDS: the impact of the Orphan Drug Act. Milbank Q 1995;73:231-52.
    • (1995) Milbank Q , vol.73 , pp. 231-252
    • Arno, P.S.1    Bonuck, K.2    Davis, M.3
  • 48
    • 85031268156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pub. L. No. 98-417, 98 Stat. 1585 (1984)
    • Pub. L. No. 98-417, 98 Stat. 1585 (1984).
  • 49
  • 50
    • 0141604347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special patent provisions for pharmaceuticals: Have they outlived their usefulness?
    • Engelberg AL. Special patent provisions for pharmaceuticals: have they outlived their usefulness? IDEA J Law Technol 1999;39:389-426.
    • (1999) IDEA J Law Technol , vol.39 , pp. 389-426
    • Engelberg, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 0029838687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longer patents for increased generic competition in the US: The Waxman-Hatch Act after one decade
    • Grabowski HG, Vernon JM. Longer patents for increased generic competition in the US: the Waxman-Hatch Act after one decade. Pharmacoeconomics 1996;10:Suppl 2:110-23.
    • (1996) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 110-123
    • Grabowski, H.G.1    Vernon, J.M.2
  • 53
    • 66249084667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug patent life and generic entry: Analysis of the new molecular entities approved by the FDA between 1980 and 1999
    • Seoane-Vazquez E, Schondelmeyer S, Szeinbach SL. Drug patent life and generic entry: analysis of the new molecular entities approved by the FDA between 1980 and 1999. J Pharm Financ Econ Policy 2008;16:67-85.
    • (2008) J Pharm Financ Econ Policy , vol.16 , pp. 67-85
    • Seoane-Vazquez, E.1    Schondelmeyer, S.2    Szeinbach, S.L.3
  • 54
    • 0742306292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hatch-Waxman Act: History, structure, and legacy
    • Weiswasser ES, Danzis SD. The Hatch-Waxman Act: history, structure, and legacy. Antitrust Law J 2003;71:585-608.
    • (2003) Antitrust Law J , vol.71 , pp. 585-608
    • Weiswasser, E.S.1    Danzis, S.D.2
  • 55
    • 84910032722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generics face longer wait time for approval
    • February 19
    • Singer N. Generics face longer wait time for approval. New York Times. February 19, 2010:B3.
    • (2010) New York Times
    • Singer, N.1
  • 56
    • 33751213872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paying for delay: Pharmaceutical patent settlement as a regulatory design problem
    • Hemphill CS. Paying for delay: pharmaceutical patent settlement as a regulatory design problem. N Y Univ Law Rev 2006;81:1553-623.
    • (2006) N Y Univ Law Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1553-1623
    • Hemphill, C.S.1
  • 57
    • 66749185380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new history and discussion of 180-day exclusivity
    • Korn DE, Lietzan E, Scott SW. A new history and discussion of 180-day exclusivity. Food Drug Law J 2009;64:335-90.
    • (2009) Food Drug Law J , vol.64 , pp. 335-390
    • Korn, D.E.1    Lietzan, E.2    Scott, S.W.3
  • 58
    • 23444458067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prescription Drug User Fee Act: Is a faster Food and Drug Administration always a better Food and Drug Administration?
    • Zelenay JL Jr. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act: is a faster Food and Drug Administration always a better Food and Drug Administration? Food Drug Law J 2005;60:261-338.
    • (2005) Food Drug Law J , vol.60 , pp. 261-338
    • Zelenay Jr., J.L.1
  • 59
    • 0030033574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992: A 5-year experiment for the industry and the FDA
    • Shulman SR, Kaitin KI. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992: a 5-year experiment for the industry and the FDA. Pharmacoeconomics 1996;9:121-33.
    • (1996) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.9 , pp. 121-133
    • Shulman, S.R.1    Kaitin, K.I.2
  • 60
    • 0030951929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992 and the new drug development process
    • Kaitin KI. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992 and the new drug development process. Am J Ther 1997;4:167-72.
    • (1997) Am J Ther , vol.4 , pp. 167-172
    • Kaitin, K.I.1
  • 62
    • 34247492509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDUFA reauthorization - Drug safety's golden moment of opportunity?
    • Hennessy S, Strom BL. PDUFA reauthorization - drug safety's golden moment of opportunity? N Engl J Med 2007;356:1703-4.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1703-1704
    • Hennessy, S.1    Strom, B.L.2
  • 63
    • 14944360098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What ails the FDA?
    • Erratum, N Engl J Med 2005;352:2563
    • Okie S. What ails the FDA? N Engl J Med 2005;352:1063-6. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2005;352:2563.]
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1063-1066
    • Okie, S.1
  • 65
    • 0033549087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety of newly approved medicines: Do recent market removals mean there is a problem?
    • Friedman MA, Woodcock J, Lumpkin MM, Shuren JE, Hass AE, Thompson LJ. The safety of newly approved medicines: do recent market removals mean there is a problem? JAMA 1999; 281:1728-34.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1728-1734
    • Friedman, M.A.1    Woodcock, J.2    Lumpkin, M.M.3    Shuren, J.E.4    Hass, A.E.5    Thompson, L.J.6
  • 66
    • 0035912536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lotronex and the FDA: A fatal erosion of integrity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04776-0
    • Horton R. Lotronex and the FDA: a fatal erosion of integrity. Lancet 2001;357:1544-5. (Pubitemid 32488806)
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , Issue.9268 , pp. 1544-1545
    • Horton, R.1
  • 67
    • 40849130153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk we bear: The effects of review speed and industry user fees on new drug safety
    • Olsen MK. The risk we bear: the effects of review speed and industry user fees on new drug safety. J Health Econ 2008;27:175-200.
    • (2008) J Health Econ , vol.27 , pp. 175-200
    • Olsen, M.K.1
  • 68
    • 41449104685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-review deadlines and safety problems
    • Carpenter D, Zucker EJ, Avorn J. Drug-review deadlines and safety problems. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1354-61.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1354-1361
    • Carpenter, D.1    Zucker, E.J.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 51349139638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do faster Food and Drug Administration reviews adversely affect patient safety? An analysis of the 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act
    • Grabowski H, Wang YR. Do faster Food and Drug Administration reviews adversely affect patient safety? An analysis of the 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act. J Law Econ 2008;51:377-406.
    • (2008) J Law Econ , vol.51 , pp. 377-406
    • Grabowski, H.1    Wang, Y.R.2
  • 73
    • 0036790165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral antihypertensive trial design and analysis under the pediatric exclusivity provision
    • Pasquali SK, Sanders SP, Li JS. Oral antihypertensive trial design and analysis under the pediatric exclusivity provision. Am Heart J 2002;144:608-14.
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.144 , pp. 608-614
    • Pasquali, S.K.1    Sanders, S.P.2    Li, J.S.3
  • 74
    • 85031239199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 21 U.S.C. § 355A(b) (1997)
    • 21 U.S.C. § 355A(b) (1997).
  • 75
    • 40949096097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving pediatric dosing through pediatric initiatives: What we have learned
    • Rodriguez W, Selen A, Avant D, et al. Improving pediatric dosing through pediatric initiatives: what we have learned. Pediatrics 2008;121:530-9.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , pp. 530-539
    • Rodriguez, W.1    Selen, A.2    Avant, D.3
  • 76
    • 34250880825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation programs for pediatric drug research - Do children really benefit?
    • Boots I, Sukhai RN, Klein RH, et al. Stimulation programs for pediatric drug research - do children really benefit? Eur J Pediatr 2007;166:849-55.
    • (2007) Eur J Pediatr , vol.166 , pp. 849-855
    • Boots, I.1    Sukhai, R.N.2    Klein, R.H.3
  • 78
    • 33748646758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer-reviewed publication of clinical trials completed for pediatric exclusivity
    • Benjamin DK Jr, Smith PB, Murphy MD, et al. Peer-reviewed publication of clinical trials completed for pediatric exclusivity. JAMA 2006;296:1266-73.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1266-1273
    • Benjamin Jr., D.K.1    Smith, P.B.2    Murphy, M.D.3
  • 79
    • 33645100012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child and adolescent psychopharmacology in the new millennium: A workshop for academia, industry, and government
    • DeVeaugh-Geiss J, March J, Shapiro M, et al. Child and adolescent psychopharmacology in the new millennium: a workshop for academia, industry, and government. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:261-70.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 261-270
    • DeVeaugh-Geiss, J.1    March, J.2    Shapiro, M.3
  • 80
    • 33846878293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic return of clinical trials performed under the pediatric exclusivity program
    • Li JS, Eisenstein EL, Grabowski HG, et al. Economic return of clinical trials performed under the pediatric exclusivity program. JAMA 2007;297:480-8.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 480-488
    • Li, J.S.1    Eisenstein, E.L.2    Grabowski, H.G.3
  • 81
    • 53149083426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic returns of pediatric clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs
    • Baker-Smith CM, Benjamin DK Jr, Grabowski HG, et al. The economic returns of pediatric clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs. Am Heart J 2008;156:682-8.
    • (2008) Am Heart J , vol.156 , pp. 682-688
    • Baker-Smith, C.M.1    Benjamin Jr., D.K.2    Grabowski, H.G.3
  • 83
    • 85031269579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sen. Hatch (Utah). Cong. Rec. S14254 (11 Oct. 1984)
    • Sen. Hatch (Utah). Cong. Rec. S14254 (11 Oct. 1984).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.