메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 265-283

Gender and candidate communication: Effects of stereotypes in the 2008 election

Author keywords

2008 election; advertising; female candidates; gender

Indexed keywords


EID: 78049481759     PISSN: 00027642     EISSN: 15523381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002764210381702     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 85055295512 scopus 로고
    • Gender as a factor in the attribution of leadership traits
    • Alexander, D., & Andersen, K. (1993). Gender as a factor in the attribution of leadership traits. Political Research Quarterly, 46, 527-545.
    • (1993) Political Research Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 527-545
    • Alexander, D.1    Andersen, K.2
  • 2
    • 78049456791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WebStyles in 2004: The gendering of candidates on campaign web sites?
    • In A. P. Williams & J. C. Tedesco (Eds.), New York, NY: Roman and Littlefield
    • Banwart, M.C. (2006). WebStyles in 2004: The gendering of candidates on campaign web sites? In A. P. Williams & J. C. Tedesco (Eds.), The Internet election: Perspectives on the web's role in campaign 2004 (pp. 37-55). New York, NY: Roman and Littlefield.
    • (2006) The Internet Election: Perspectives on the Web's Role in Campaign 2004 , pp. 37-55
    • Banwart, M.C.1
  • 3
    • 70349274713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gendered influence in campaign debates? Analysis of mixed-gender United States Senate and gubernatorial debates
    • Banwart, M.C., & McKinney, M.S. (2005). A gendered influence in campaign debates? Analysis of mixed-gender United States Senate and gubernatorial debates. Communication Studies, 56(4), 353-373.
    • (2005) Communication Studies , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-373
    • Banwart, M.C.1    McKinney, M.S.2
  • 5
    • 85050834369 scopus 로고
    • Women candidates in open seat primaries for the U.S. House: 1968-1990
    • Burrell, B.C. (1992). Women candidates in open seat primaries for the U.S. House: 1968-1990. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 17, 493-508.
    • (1992) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 493-508
    • Burrell, B.C.1
  • 8
    • 78049482641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for American Women and Politics., (a). Retrieved from
    • Center for American Women and Politics. (2008 a). Record numbers of women to serve in Senate and House. Retrieved from http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/press_room/news/documents/PressRelease_11-5-08updated.pdf.
    • (2008) Record Numbers of Women to Serve in Senate and House
  • 9
    • 78049477231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for American Women and Politics., (b). Retrieved from
    • Center for American Women and Politics. (2008 b). Summary of women candidates 2008. Retrieved from http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/elections/documents/CanSum08.pdf.
    • (2008) Summary of Women Candidates 2008
  • 10
    • 78049473926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for American Women and Politics., Retrieved from
    • Center for American Women and Politics. (2009). The 2008 presidential campaign of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton. Retrieved from http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/elections/preswatch_clinton.php.
    • (2009) The 2008 Presidential Campaign of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton
  • 13
    • 0038579631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in support for women candidates: Is there a glass ceiling in American politics?
    • Dolan, K. (1997). Gender differences in support for women candidates: Is there a glass ceiling in American politics? Women and Politics, 17, 27-41.
    • (1997) Women and Politics , vol.17 , pp. 27-41
    • Dolan, K.1
  • 14
    • 1642353537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of candidate sex on evaluations of candidates for the U.S
    • Dolan, K. (2004). The impact of candidate sex on evaluations of candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 206-217.
    • (2004) House of Representatives. Social Science Quarterly , vol.85 , pp. 206-217
    • Dolan, K.1
  • 15
    • 18944381965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do women candidates play to gender stereotypes? Do men candidates play to women? Candidate sex and issues priorities on campaign websites
    • Dolan, K. (2005). Do women candidates play to gender stereotypes? Do men candidates play to women? Candidate sex and issues priorities on campaign websites. Political Research Quarterly, 58, 31-44.
    • (2005) Political Research Quarterly , vol.58 , pp. 31-44
    • Dolan, K.1
  • 16
    • 33750452724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbolic mobilization? The impact of candidate sex in
    • Dolan, K. (2006). Symbolic mobilization? The impact of candidate sex in American elections. American Politics Research, 34, 687-704.
    • (2006) American Elections. American Politics Research , vol.34 , pp. 687-704
    • Dolan, K.1
  • 17
    • 0041039691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bottleneck: Women becoming candidates
    • In S. Thomas & C. Wilcox (Eds.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Duerst-Lahti, G. (1998). The bottleneck: Women becoming candidates. In S. Thomas & C. Wilcox (Eds.), Women and elective office (pp. 15-25). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (1998) Women and Elective Office , pp. 15-25
    • Duerst-Lahti, G.1
  • 19
    • 33645123191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issue saliency and gender stereotypes: Support for women as presidents in times of war and terrorism
    • Falk, E., & Kenski, K. (2006). Issue saliency and gender stereotypes: Support for women as presidents in times of war and terrorism. Social Science Quarterly, 87, 1-18.
    • (2006) Social Science Quarterly , vol.87 , pp. 1-18
    • Falk, E.1    Kenski, K.2
  • 20
    • 1942522431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and congressional elections
    • In S. Tolleson-Rinehart & J. J. Joseph-son (Eds.), Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe
    • Fox, R.L. (2000). Gender and congressional elections. In S. Tolleson-Rinehart & J. J. Joseph-son (Eds.), Gender and American politics: Women, men, and the political process (pp. 227-256). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
    • (2000) Gender and American Politics: Women, Men, and the Political Process , pp. 227-256
    • Fox, R.L.1
  • 21
    • 0031535151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of political expertise in candidate trait evaluations
    • Funk, C.L. (1997). Implications of political expertise in candidate trait evaluations. Political Research Quarterly, 50, 675-697.
    • (1997) Political Research Quarterly , vol.50 , pp. 675-697
    • Funk, C.L.1
  • 22
    • 44649122021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Footwear, lipstick, and an Orthodox Sabbath: Media coverage of nontraditional candidates
    • Heith, D.J. (2001). Footwear, lipstick, and an Orthodox Sabbath: Media coverage of nontraditional candidates. White House Studies, 1, 335-349.
    • (2001) White House Studies , vol.1 , pp. 335-349
    • Heith, D.J.1
  • 23
    • 23944468003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • She brought only a skirt: Print media coverage of Elizabeth Dole's bid for the Republican presidential nomination
    • Heldman, C., Carroll, S.J., & Olson, S. (2005). She brought only a skirt: Print media coverage of Elizabeth Dole's bid for the Republican presidential nomination. Political Communication, 22, 315-335.
    • (2005) Political Communication , vol.22 , pp. 315-335
    • Heldman, C.1    Carroll, S.J.2    Olson, S.3
  • 24
    • 84970296821 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gender schematic processing on the reception of political commercials for men and women candidates
    • Hitchon, J.C., & Chang, C. (1995). Effects of gender schematic processing on the reception of political commercials for men and women candidates. Communication Research, 22, 430-459.
    • (1995) Communication Research , vol.22 , pp. 430-459
    • Hitchon, J.C.1    Chang, C.2
  • 25
    • 0039647012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should women emote? Perceptual bias and opinion change in response to political ads for candidates of different genders
    • Hitchon, J.C., Chang, C., & Harris, R. (1997). Should women emote? Perceptual bias and opinion change in response to political ads for candidates of different genders. Political Communication, 14, 49-69.
    • (1997) Political Communication , vol.14 , pp. 49-69
    • Hitchon, J.C.1    Chang, C.2    Harris, R.3
  • 26
    • 85050726620 scopus 로고
    • The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office
    • Huddy, L., & Terkildsen, N.S. (1993a). The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office. Political Research Quarterly, 46, 503-525.
    • (1993) Political Research Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 503-525
    • Huddy, L.1    Terkildsen, N.S.2
  • 27
    • 85055309612 scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and the perception of male and female candidates
    • Huddy, L., & Terkildsen, N.S. (1993b). Gender stereotypes and the perception of male and female candidates. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 119-147.
    • (1993) American Journal of Political Science , vol.37 , pp. 119-147
    • Huddy, L.1    Terkildsen, N.S.2
  • 29
    • 10844260819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of what is that glass ceiling made? A study of attitudes about women and the Oval Office
    • Kenski, K., & Falk, E. (2004). Of what is that glass ceiling made? A study of attitudes about women and the Oval Office. Women and Politics, 26, 57-80.
    • (2004) Women and Politics , vol.26 , pp. 57-80
    • Kenski, K.1    Falk, E.2
  • 30
    • 0007391028 scopus 로고
    • Women candidates going public: The 30-second format
    • Kern, M., & Edley, P.P. (1994). Women candidates going public: The 30-second format. Argumentation and Advocacy, 31, 80-95.
    • (1994) Argumentation and Advocacy , vol.31 , pp. 80-95
    • Kern, M.1    Edley, P.P.2
  • 31
    • 0142200294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and the Grand Old Party: An experimental investigation of the effect of candidate sex on support for a Republican candidate
    • King, D.C., & Matland, R.E. (2003). Sex and the Grand Old Party: An experimental investigation of the effect of candidate sex on support for a Republican candidate. American Politics Research, 31, 595-612.
    • (2003) American Politics Research , vol.31 , pp. 595-612
    • King, D.C.1    Matland, R.E.2
  • 32
    • 0040318878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate gender and assessments of Senate candidates
    • Koch, J.W. (1999). Candidate gender and assessments of Senate candidates. Social Science Quarterly, 80, 84-96.
    • (1999) Social Science Quarterly , vol.80 , pp. 84-96
    • Koch, J.W.1
  • 33
    • 0034419211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do citizens apply gender stereotypes to infer candidates' ideological orientations?
    • Koch, J.W. (2000). Do citizens apply gender stereotypes to infer candidates' ideological orientations? Journal of Politics, 62, 414-429.
    • (2000) Journal of Politics , vol.62 , pp. 414-429
    • Koch, J.W.1
  • 34
    • 8744309237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, war, and winning elections: Gender stereotyping in the post-September 11th era
    • Lawless, J.L. (2004). Women, war, and winning elections: Gender stereotyping in the post-September 11th era. Political Research Quarterly, 57, 479-490.
    • (2004) Political Research Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 479-490
    • Lawless, J.L.1
  • 35
    • 84970521731 scopus 로고
    • The impact of prejudice on female candidates: An experimental look at voter inference
    • Leeper, M.S. (1991). The impact of prejudice on female candidates: An experimental look at voter inference. American Politics Quarterly, 19, 248-261.
    • (1991) American Politics Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 248-261
    • Leeper, M.S.1
  • 36
    • 0031287972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voting cues in low-information elections: Candidate gender as a social information variable in contemporary United States elections
    • McDermott, M.L. (1997). Voting cues in low-information elections: Candidate gender as a social information variable in contemporary United States elections. American Journal of Political Science, 41, 270-283.
    • (1997) American Journal of Political Science , vol.41 , pp. 270-283
    • McDermott, M.L.1
  • 37
    • 77954492827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pew Research Center for the People and the Press., Retrieved from
    • Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2008). A paradox in public attitudes: Men or women: Who's the better leader? Retrieved from http://pewresearch.org/pubs/932/men-or-women-whos-the-better-leader.
    • (2008) A Paradox in Public Attitudes: Men Or Women: Who's the Better Leader?
  • 38
    • 0003077054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and decision context in the evaluation of political candidates
    • Riggle, E.D.B., Miller, P.M., Shields, T.G., & Johnson, M.M.S. (1997). Gender stereotypes and decision context in the evaluation of political candidates. Women and Politics, 17, 69-88.
    • (1997) Women and Politics , vol.17 , pp. 69-88
    • Riggle, E.D.B.1    Miller, P.M.2    Shields, T.G.3    Johnson, M.M.S.4
  • 39
    • 84984020808 scopus 로고
    • Gender role and political office: Effects of perceived masculinity/femininity of candidate and political office
    • Rosenwasser, S.M., & Dean, N.G. (1989). Gender role and political office: Effects of perceived masculinity/femininity of candidate and political office. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13, 77-85.
    • (1989) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 77-85
    • Rosenwasser, S.M.1    Dean, N.G.2
  • 40
    • 0000439932 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward a hypothetical male or female presidential candidate: A research note
    • Rosenwasser, S.M., & Seale, J. (1988). Attitudes toward a hypothetical male or female presidential candidate: A research note. Political Psychology, 9, 591-598.
    • (1988) Political Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 591-598
    • Rosenwasser, S.M.1    Seale, J.2
  • 41
    • 0002448122 scopus 로고
    • If U.S. Senator Baker were a woman: An experimental study of candidate images
    • Sapiro, V. (1981-1982). If U.S. Senator Baker were a woman: An experimental study of candidate images. Political Psychology, 3, 61-83.
    • (1981) Political Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 61-83
    • Sapiro, V.1
  • 42
    • 24544464434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dole candidacy: The overview
    • (October 21)
    • Seelye, K.Q. (1999, October 21). The Dole candidacy: The overview. The New York Times, p. A1.
    • (1999) The New York Times
    • Seelye, K.Q.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.