The relationship context of nonmarital childbearing in the U.S.

Demographic Research

Volumn 23, Issue , 2010, Pages 615-654

  Manlove, Jennifer ^a   Ryan, Suzanne ^a   Wildsmith, Elizabeth ^a   Franzetta, Kerry ^b  

^a CHILD TRENDS   (United States)

^b Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78049474043     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14359871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.22     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Acs, G. and Nelson, S. (2001). "Honey I'm home": Changes in living arrangements in the late 1990s (Assessing the New Federalism policy brief B-38). Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
2. Acs, G. and Nelson, S. (2002). The kids are alright? Children's well-being and the rise in cohabitation (Series B No. B-48). Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
3. Administration for Children and Families (2010). Office of family assistance: Fact sheets. [Electronic resource]. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/opa/fact_sheets/tanf_factsheet.html.
4. Amato, P.R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family 62(4): 1269-1287. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x.
5. Andersson, G. (2002). Children's experience of family disruption and family formation: Evidence from 16 FFS countries. Demographic Research 7(7): 343-364. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2002.7.7.
6. Bachrach, C., Hindin, M.J., and Thomson, E. (2000). The changing shape of ties that bind: An overview and synthesis. In: Waite, L.J., Bachrach, C., Hindin, M. et al. (eds.). The Ties that Bind (pp. 3-16). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
7. Bengston, V.L. and Allen, K.R. (1993). The life course perspective applied to families over time. In: Boss, P.G., Doherty, W.J., LaRossa, R., Schumm, W.R., Steinmetz, S.D. (Ed.). Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach. New York: Plenum Press: 469-504.
8. Bennett, N.G., Bloom, D.E., and Miller, C.K. (1995). The influence of nonmarital childbearing on the formation of first marriages. Demography 32(1): 47-62. doi:10.2307/2061896.
9. Bernhardt, E.M. and Goldscheider, F.K. (2002). Children and union formation in Sweden. European Sociological Review 18: 289-299. doi:10.1093/esr/18.3.289.
10. Blackwell, D. and Lichter, D.T. (2004). Homogamy among dating, cohabiting, and married couples. The Sociological Quarterly 45(4): 719-737. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02311.x.
11. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
12. Bumpass, L. and Lu, H. (2000). Trends in cohabitation and implications for children's family contexts in the United States. Population Studies 54(1): 29-41. doi:10.1080/713779060.
13. Burton, L.M. and Tucker, M.B. (2009). Romantic unions in an era of uncertainty: A post-Moynihan perspective on African American women and marriage. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621: 132-148. doi:10.1177/0002716208324852.
14. Carlson, M., McLanahan, S., and England, P. (2004). Union formation in fragile families. Demography 41(2): 237-261. doi:10.1353/dem.2004.0012.
15. Castro Martin, T. (2002). Consensual unions in Latin America: Persistence of a dual nuptiality system. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 33(1): 35-55.
16. Chandra, A., Martinez, G., Mosher, W.D., Abma, J., and Jones, J. (2005). Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: Data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Statistics 23(25).
17. Cherlin, A. (2008). Multiple partnerships and children's wellbeing. Family Matters (80): 33-36.
18. Cherlin, A.J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 848-861. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x.
19. Clarkberg, M., Stolzenberg, R., and Waite, L.J. (1995). Attitudes, values, and entrance into cohabitational versus marital unions. Social Forces 74(2): 609-634. doi:10.2307/2580494.
20. Driscoll, A.K., Hearn, G.K., Evans, V.J., Moore, K.A., Sugland, B.W., and Call, V. (1999). Nonmarital childbearing among adult women. Journal of Marriage and the Family 61(1): 178-187. doi:10.2307/353892.
21. East, P.L. (1998). Racial and ethnic differences in girls' sexual, marital, and birth expectations. Journal of Marriage and the Family 60(1): 150-162. doi:10.2307/353448.
22. Edin, K. and Kefalas, M. (2005). Promises I can keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
23. Elder, G.H., Jr. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development 69(1): 1-12.
24. Ermisch, J. (2001). Cohabitation and childbearing outside marriage in Britain. In Wu, L.L. and Wolfe, B. (eds.). Out of wedlock: Causes and consequences of nonmarital fertility. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
25. Finer, L.B. and Henshaw, S.K. (2006). Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 38(2): 90-96. doi:10.1363/3809006.
26. Flanagan, K.D. and West, J. (2004). Children born in 2001: First results from the base year of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). (NCES 2005-036). U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
27. Fomby, P. and Cherlin, A. (2007). Family instability and child well-being. American Sociology Review 71(2): 181-204. doi:10.1177/000312240707200203.
28. Forste, R. and Tienda, M. (1996). What's behind racial and ethnic fertility differentials? Population and Development Review 22: 109-133. doi:10.2307/2808008.
29. Fussell, E., Gauthier, A.H., and Evans, A. (2007). Heterogeneity in the transition to adulthood: The cases of Australia, Canada, and the United States. European Journal of Population 23(3-4): 389-414. doi:10.1007/s10680-007-9136-4.
30. Gibson-Davis, C.M., Edin, K., and McLanahan, S. (2005). High hopes but even higher expectations: The retreat from marriage among low-income couples. Journal of Marriage and Family 67(5): 1301-1312. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00218.x.
31. Goldscheider, F.K. and Sassler, S. (2006). Creating stepfamilies: Integrating children into the study of union formation. Journal of Marriage and Family 68: 275-291. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00252.x.
32. Gryn, T. and Mott, F. (2002). Paternal relationship history and male fertility: Evidence from the NLSY. Paper presented at the Meetings of the Population Association of America, Atlanta, GA.
33. Guzman, L., Wildsmith, E., Manlove, J., and Franzetta, K. (2010). Unintended births: Patterns by race and ethnicity and relationship type. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 42(3): 176-185.
34. Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., and Ventura, S.J. (2009). Births: Preliminary data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Report 57(12). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
35. Hamplova, D. and Bourdais, C.L. (2009). One pot or two pot strategies? Income pooling in married and unmarried households in comparative perspective. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 40(3): 355-385.
36. Heard, H. (2007). Fathers, mothers and family structure: Family trajectories, parent gender, and adolescent schooling. Journal of Marriage and Family 69(2): 435-450. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00375.x.
37. Heuveline, P. and Timberlake, J.M. (2004). The role of cohabitation in family formation: The United States in comparative perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1214-1230. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00088.x.
38. Huinink, J. and Feldhaus, M. (2009). Family research from the life course perspective. International Sociology 24: 299-324. doi:10.1177/0268580909102910.
39. Joyner, K. and Kao, G. (2005). Interracial relationships and the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review 70(4): 563-582. doi:10.1177/000312240507000402.
40. Joyner, K., Yang, F., and Peters, H.E. (2005). Changes in early biological fatherhood and its relationship context. Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, D.C.
41. Kalmijn, M. (2007). Explaining cross-national differences in marriage, cohabitation, and divorce in Europe, 1990-2000. Population Studies 61(3): 243-263. doi:10.1080/00324720701571806.
42. Kennedy, S. and Bumpass, L. (2008). Cohabitation and children's living arrangements: New estimates from the United States. Demographic Research 19(47): 1663-1692. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.47.
43. Kiernan, K. (2001). European perspectives on nonmarital childbearing. In Wu, L.L. and Wolfe, B. (eds.). Out of wedlock: Causes and consequences of nonmarital fertility. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
44. Kiernan, K. (2004a). Redrawing the boundaries of marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 980-987. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00068.x.
45. Kiernan, K. (2004b). Unmarried cohabitation and parenthood in Britain and Europe. Law and Policy 26(1): 33-55. doi:10.1111/j.0265-8240.2004.00162.x.
46. Kreider, R.M. (2008). Living arrangements of children: 2004. U.S. Census Bureau.
47. Lampard, R. and Peggs, K. (1999). Repartnering: The relevance of parenthood and gender to cohabitation and remarriage among the formerly married. British Journal of Sociology 50: 443-465. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.1999.00443.x.
48. Landale, N.S. and Forste, R. (1991). Patterns of entry into cohabitation and marriage among mainland Puerto Rican women. Demography 28: 587-607. doi:10.2307/2061424.
49. Landale, N.S. and Oropesa, R.S. (2007). Hispanic families: Stability and change. Annual Review of Sociology 33: 381-405. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131655.
50. Lesthaeghe, R.J. and Neidert, L. (2006). The second demographic transition in the United States: Exception or textbook example? Population and Development Review 32(4): 669-698. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00146.x.
51. Lichter, D.T. and Graefe, D.R. (2001). Finding a mate? The marital and cohabitation histories of unwed mothers. In: Wu, L.L. and Wolfe, B. (eds.). Out of wedlock: Causes and consequences of nonmarital fertility. New York: Russell Sage Foundation: 317-343.
52. Liefbroer, A.C. and Dourleijn, E. (2006). Unmarried cohabitation and union stability: Testing the role of diffusion using data from 16 European countries. Demography 43(2): 203-221. doi:10.1353/dem.2006.0018.
53. Manning, W. (1993). Marriage and cohabitation following premarital conception. Journal of Marriage and the Family 55(4): 839-850. doi:10.2307/352766.
54. Manning, W. (2001). Childbearing in cohabiting unions: Racial and ethnic differences. Family Planning Perspectives 33(5): 217-224. doi:10.2307/2673785.
55. Manning, W. (2004). Children and the stability of cohabiting couples. Journal of Marriage and the Family 66(3): 674-689. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00046.x.
56. Manning, W.D. and Brown, S. (2006). Children's economic well-being in married and cohabiting parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family 68(2): 345-362. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00257.x.
57. Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., and Majudmar, D. (2004). The relative stability of cohabiting and marital unions for children. Population Research and Policy Review 23(2): 135-159. doi:10.1023/B:POPU.0000019916.29156.a7.
58. Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Sutton, P.D., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F., Kirmeyer, S., and Matthews, T.J. (2009). Births: Final data for 2006. National Vital Statistics Reports 57(7). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
59. Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F., and Park, M.M. (2002). Births: Final data for 2001. National Vital Statistics Reports 51(5). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
60. McLanahan, S., Garfinkel, I., Reichman, N., Teitler, J., Carlson, M., and Audigier, C. (2001). The fragile families and child wellbeing study baseline report. Princeton, N.J.: CRCW.
61. McLanahan, S. and Sandefur, G.D. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
62. Mincieli, L., Manlove, J., McGarrett, M., Moore, K.A., and Ryan, S. (2007). The relationship context of births outside of marriage: The rise of cohabitation. Washington, DC: Child Trends.
63. Moore, K.A. (1995). Executive summary: Report to Congress on out-of-wedlock childbearing. [Electronic resource]. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/wedlock.pdf
64. Musick, K. (2002). Planned and unplanned childbearing among unmarried women. Journal of Marriage and Family 64(4): 915-929. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00915.x.
65. Nelson, S., Clark, R.L., and Acs, G. (2001). Beyond the two-parent family: How teenagers fare in cohabiting couple and blended families (Series B No. No. B-31). Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
66. Neyer, G. and Andersson, G. (2004). Contemporary research on European fertility: Introduction. Demographic Research 3(1): 1-13. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2004.S3.1.
67. Nock, S.L. (1998). The consequences of premarital fatherhood. American Sociological Review 63: 250-263. doi:10.2307/2657326.
68. Oropesa, R.S. (1996). Normative beliefs about marriage and cohabitation: A comparison of non-Latino whites, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans. Journal of Marriage and the Family 58(1): 49-62. doi:10.2307/353376.
69. Osborne, C., Manning, W.D., and Smock, P.J. (2004). Instability in Fragile Families: The role of race-ethnicity, economics, and relationship quality. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA.
70. Perelli-Harris, B., Sigle-Rushton, W., Kreyenfeld, M., Lappegard, T., Berghammer, C., and Keizer, R. (2010). The educational gradient of nonmarital childbearing in Europe: Emergence of a pattern of disadvantage? [Unpublished manuscript], WP 2010-004, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
71. Qian, Z., Lichter, D.T., and Mellott, L.M. (2005). Out-of-wedlock childbearing, marital prospects and mate selection. Social Forces 84(1): 473-491. doi:10.1353/sof.2005.0117.
72. Raley, R.K. (2001). Increasing fertility in cohabiting unions: Evidence for the second demographic transition in the United States. Demography 38(1): 59-66. doi:10.1353/dem.2001.0008.
73. Sassler, S. and McNally, J. (2003). Cohabiting couples' economic circumstances and union transitions: A re-examination using multiple imputation techniques. Social Science Research 32: 553-578. doi:10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00016-4.
74. Seltzer, J. (2000). Men's contributions to children and social policy. In A. Booth and A. Crouter (Eds.), Men in families: When do they get involved? What difference does it make? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
75. Seltzer, J.A. (2004). Cohabitation in the United States and Britain: Demography, kinship, and the future. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4): 921-928. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00062.x.
76. Seltzer, J.A., Bachrach, C.A., Bianchi, S.M., Bledsoe, C.H., Casper, L.M., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., DiPrete, T.A., Hotz, V.J., Morgan, S.P., Sanders, S.G., and Thomas, D. (2005). Explaining family change and variation: Challenges for family demographers. Journal of Marriage and Family 67: 908-925. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00183.x.
77. Sigle-Rushton, W. and McLanahan, S. (2002). The living arrangements of new unmarried mothers. Demography 39(3): 415-433. doi:10.1353/dem.2002.0032.
78. Smock, P. (2000). Cohabitation in the United States: An appraisal of research themes, findings, and implications. Annual Review of Sociology 26(1): 1-20. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.1.
79. Sobotka, T. (2008). Overview chapter 6: The diverse faces of the second demographic transition in Europe. Demographic Research 19(8): 171-224. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.8.
80. Sobotka, T. and Toulemon, L. (2008). Overview chapter 4: Changing family and partnership behaviour: Common trends and persistent diversity across Europe. Demographic Research 19(6): 85-138. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.6.
81. Soons, J.P.M. and Kalmijn, M. (2009). Is marriage more than cohabitation? Well-being differences in 30 European countries. Journal of Marriage and Family 71: 1141-1157. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00660.x.
82. South, S.J. (2001). The variable effects of family background on the timing of first marriage: United States, 1969-1993. Social Science Research 30: 606-626. doi:10.1006/ssre.2001.0714.
83. Stewart, S.D., Manning, W.D., and Smock, P.J. (2003). Union formation among men in the U.S.: Does having prior children matter? Journal of Marriage and Family 65(1): 90-104. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00090.x.
84. Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., and Panis, C.W.A. (2001). The impact of nonmarital childbearing on subsequent marital formation and dissolution. In: Wu, L.L. and Wolfe, B. (eds.). Out of wedlock: Causes and consequences of nonmarital fertility. New York: Russell Sage Foundation: 344-380.
85. Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., and Panis, C.W.A. (2002). Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage, and fertility. Demography 39(2): 311-329. doi:10.1353/dem.2002.0020.
86. Ventura, S.J. (2009). Changing patterns of nonmarital childbearing in the United States. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
87. Ventura, S.J., Bachrach, C.A., Hill, L., Kaye, K., Holcomb, P., and Kiff, E. (1995). The demography of out-of-wedlock childbearing. In: Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office: 3-133.
88. Vos, A.E. (2009). Falling fertility rates: New challenges to the European welfare state. Socio-Economic Review 7: 485-503. doi:10.1093/ser/mwp007.
89. Waller, M.R. and McLanahan, S. (2005). "His" and "her" marriage expectations: Determinants and consequences. Journal of Marriage and Family 67: 53-67. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00005.x.
90. Wildsmith, E. and Raley, R.K. (2006). Race-ethnic differences in nonmarital fertility: A focus on Mexican American women. Journal of Marriage and Family 68: 491-508. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00267.x.
91. Wu, L.L. and Wolfe, B. (2001). Out of wedlock: Causes and consequences of nonmarital fertility. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.