Optical diagnostics in the oral cavity: An overview

Oral Diseases

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 717-728

  Wilder Smith, P ^a   Holtzman, J ^b   Epstein, J ^c   Le, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Dental; Diagnosis; Optical; Oral

Indexed keywords

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HEXYL ESTER; AMINOLEVULINIC ACID METHYL ESTER; METVIXR; PHOTOFRIN; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; TETRAKIS(3 HYDROXYPHENYL)CHLORIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CHEMOLUMINESCENCE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DENTAL CARIES; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; LASER FLUORESCENCE; MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY; MOUTH CANCER; MOUTH CAVITY; MOUTH LESION; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY; NONHUMAN; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; OROPHARYNXL MUCOSITIS; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; POLARIZATION MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE; HUMANS; LASERS; LIGHT; MOUTH DISEASES; OPTICAL DEVICES; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, OPTICAL COHERENCE; TOOTH DISEASES; TRANSILLUMINATION;

EID: 77958450170     PISSN: 1354523X     EISSN: 16010825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01684.x     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Von Arx T (2005). Frequency and type of canal isthmuses in first molars detected by endoscopic inspection during periradicular surgery. Int End J 38: 160-168.
2. Von Arx T, Hunenbart S, Buser D (2002). Endoscope- and video-assisted endodontic surgery. Quintessence Int 33: 255-259.
3. Von Arx T, Montagne D, Zwinggi C, Lussi A (2003). Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy in periradicular surgery - a comparison with scanning electron microscopy. Int Endod J 36: 691-699.
4. Baek JH, Na J, Lee BH, Choi E, Son WS (2009). Optical approach to the periodontal ligament under orthodontic tooth movement: a preliminary study with optical coherence tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 135: 252-259.
5. Bahcall JK, Barss JT (2000). Orascopic endodontics: changing the way we "think" about endodontics in the 21st century. Dent Today 19: 50-55.
6. Bahcall JK, Barss J (2003). Orascopic visualization technique for conventional and surgical endodontics. Int Endod J 36: 441-447.
7. Bahcall JK, Di Fiore PM, Poulakidas TK (1999). An endoscopic technique for endodontic surgery. J Endod 25: 132-135.
8. Baldassari-Cruz LA, Lilly JP, Rivera EM (2002). The influence of dental operating microscope in locating the mesiolingual canal orifice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 93: 190-194.
9. Bigio IJ, Mourant JR (1997). Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopies for tissue diagnostics: fluorescence spectroscopy and elastic-scattering spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 42: 803-814.
10. Bin-Shuwaish M, Yaman P, Dennison J, Neiva G (2008). The correlation of DIFOTI to clinical and radiographic images in Class II carious lesions. J Am Dent Assoc 139: 1374-1381.
11. Brezinski ME (2006). Optical coherence tomography: principles and applications. Academic Press: Burlington, San Diego, London.
12. Cassas A, Fukuda H, Battle A (2002). Hexyl ALA ALA-based photodynamic therapy in epithelial tumors: in vivo and in vitro models. Proc SPIE 3909: 114-123.
13. Castellucci A (2003). Magnification in endodontics: the use of the operating microscope. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 15: 377-384.
14. Chang CJ, Wilder-Smith P (2005). Topical application of photofrin for photodynamic diagnosis of oral neoplasms. Plast Reconstr Surg 115: 1877-1886.
15. Chen Y, Otis L, Piao D, Zhu Q (2005). Characterization of dentin, enamel, and carious lesions by a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system. Appl Optics 4: 2041-2048.
16. Chong MJ, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Cheng E, Wan V (2003). Visual-tactile examination compared with conventional radiography, digital radiography, and Diagnodent in the diagnosis of occlusal occult caries in extracted premolars. Pediatr Dent 25: 341-349.
17. Chong SL, Darling CL, Fried D (2007). Nondestructive measurement of the inhibition of demineralization on smooth surfaces using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 39: 422-427.
18. Choo-Smith LP, Edwards HG, Endtz HP (2002). Medical applications of Raman spectroscopy: from proof of principle to clinical implementation. Biopolymers 67: 1-9.
19. Clark AL, Gillenwater AM, Collier TG (2003). Confocal microscopy for real-time detection of oral cavity neoplasia. Clin Cancer Res 9: 4714-4721.
20. Coelho de Carvalho MC, Zuolo ML (2000). Orifice locating with a microscope. J Endod 26: 532-534.
21. Colston BW, Sathyam US, DaSilva LB, Everett MJ, Stroeve P (1998a). Dental OCT. Opt Express 3: 230-238.
22. Colston BW Jr, Everett MJ, Da Silva LB, Otis LL, Stroeve P, Nathel H (1998b). Imaging of hard- and soft-tissue structure in the oral cavity by optical coherence tomography. Appl Opt 37: 3582-3585.
23. Culha M, Stokes D, Vo-Dinh T (2003). Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 3: 669-675.
24. De Veld DC, Witjes MJ, Sterenborg HJ, Roodenburg JL (2005). The status of in vivo autofluorescence spectroscopy and imaging for oral oncology. Oral Oncol 41: 117-131.
25. Del Fabbro M, Taschieri S, Lodi G, Banfi G, Weinstein RL (2009). Magnification devices for endodontic therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8: CD005969.
26. Ebihara A, Liaw L-H, Krasieva TB (2003). Detection and diagnosis of oral cancer by light-induced fluorescence. Lasers Surg Med 32: 17-24.
27. Epstein JB, Gorsky M, Lonky S, Silverman S Jr, Epstein JD, Bride M (2006). The efficacy of oral lumenoscopy[TD-SUP-OPEN]TM (ViziLite[TD-SUP-OPEN]®) in visualizing oral mucosal lesions. Spec Care Dent 26: 171-174.
28. Epstein JB, Silverman S Jr, Epstein JD, Lonky SA, Bride MA (2008). Analysis of oral lesion biopsies identified and evaluated by visual examination, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue. Oral Oncol 44: 538-544.
29. Farrell TJ, Patterson MS, Wilson B (1992). A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady-state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo. Med Phys 19: 879-888.
30. Feldchtein FI, Gelikonov GV, Gelikonov VM et al (1998). In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity. Opt Express 3: 239-251.
31. Görduysus MO, Görduysus M, Friedman S (2001). Operating microscope improves negotiation of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars. J Endod 27: 683-686.
32. Hall A, Girkin JM (2004). A review of potential new diagnostic modalities for caries lesions. J Dent Res 83: 89-94.
33. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP (1991). Optical coherence tomography. Science 254: 1178-1181.
34. Huber MA, Bsoul SA, Terezhalmy GT (2004). Acetic acid wash and chemiluminescent illumination as an adjunct to conventional oral soft tissue examination for the detection of dysplasia: a pilot study. Quintessence Int 35: 378-384.
35. Jerjes W, Upile T, Conn B et al (2009). In vitro examination of suspicious oral lesions using optical coherence tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48: 1-78.
36. Jones RS, Fried D (2006). Remineralization of enamel caries can decrease optical reflectivity. J Dent Res 85: 804-808.
37. Jones RS, Staninec M, Fried D (2004). Imaging artificial caries under composite sealants and restorations. J Biomed Opt 9: 1297-1304.
38. Jones RS, Darling CL, Featherstone JD, Fried D (2006). Remineralization of in vitro dental caries assessed with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 11: 014016.
39. Kasaj A, Moschos I, Röhrig B, Willershausen B (2008). The effectiveness of a novel optical probe in subgingival calculus detection. Int J Dent Hyg 6: 143-147.
40. Kawakami-Wong H, Gu S, Hammer-Wilson MJ, Epstein JB, Chen Z, Wilder-Smith P (2007). In vivo optical coherence tomography-based scoring of oral mucositis in human subjects: a pilot study. J Biomed Opt 12: 051702.
41. Kennedy JC, Pottier RH (1992). Endogenous protoporphyrin IX, a clinically useful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 14: 275-292.
42. Kerr AR, Sirois DA, Epstein JB (2006). Clinical evaluation of chemiluminescent lighting: an adjunct for oral mucosal examinations. J Clin Dent 17: 59-63.
43. Khayat BG (1998). The use of magnification in endodontic therapy: the operating microscope. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 10: 137-144.
44. Krause F, Braun A, Frentzen M (2003). The possibility of detecting subgingival calculus by laser-fluorescence in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 18: 32-35.
45. Krause F, Braun A, Jepsen S, Frentzen M (2005). Detection of subgingival calculus with a novel LED-based optical probe. J Periodontol 76: 1202-1206.
46. Kühnisch J, Berger S, Goddon I, Senkel H, Pitts N, Heinrich-Weltzien R (2008). Occlusal caries detection in permanent molars according to WHO basic methods, ICDAS II and laser fluorescence measurements. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 36: 475-484.
47. Lane PM, Gilhuly T, Whitehead P, Zeng H (2006). Simple device for the direct visualization of oral-cavity tissue fluorescence. J Biomed Opt 11: 024006.
48. Lee C, Darling CL, Fried D (2009). Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomographic imaging of artificial demineralization on exposed surfaces of tooth roots. Dent Mater 6: 721-728.
49. Leunig A, Rick K, Stepp H (1996). Fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX for the detection of neoplastic lesions in the oral cavity. Am J Surg 172: 674-677.
50. Leunig A, Mehlmann M, Betz C (2000). Detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity by imaging 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. Laryngoscope 110: 78-83.
51. Leunig A, Mehlmann M, Betz C (2001). Fluorescence staining of oral cancer using a topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid: fluorescence microscopic studies. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 60: 44-49.
52. Li J, Bowman C, Fazel-Rezai R, Hewko M, Choo-Smith LP (2009). Speckle reduction and lesion segmentation of OCT tooth images for early caries detection. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 1: 1149-1452.
53. Lingen MW, Kalmar JR, Karrison T, Speight PM (2008). Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 44: 10-22.
54. Lussi A, Hibst R, Paulus R (2004). DIAGNOdent: an optical method for caries detection. J Dent Res 83 C: 80-83.
55. Manesh SK, Darling CL, Fried D (2009). Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography for the nondestructive assessment of the remineralization of dentin. J Biomed Opt 14: 044002.
56. McGee SA, Mirkovic J, Mardirossian V et al (2008). Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy. J Biomed Opt 13: 064034.
57. McIntosh L, McCullough MJ, Farah CS (2009). The assessment of diffused light illumination and acetic acid rinse (Microlux/DL) in the visualisation of oral mucosal lesions. Oral Oncol 45: 227-231.
58. Muanza TM, Cotrim A, McAuliffe M et al (2005). Evaluation of radiation-induced oral mucositis by optical coherence tomography. Clin Cancer Res 11: 5121-5127.
59. Ngaotheppitak P, Darling CL, Fried D (2005). Measurement of the severity of natural smooth surface (interproximal) caries lesions with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 37: 78-88.
60. Nitin N, Rosbach KJ, El-Naggar A, Williams M, Gillenwater A, Richards-Kortum RR (2009). Optical molecular imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor expression to improve detection of oral neoplasia. Neoplasia 11: 542-551.
61. Onizawa K, Saginoya H, Furuya Y, Yoshida H (1996). Fluorescence photography as a diagnostic method for oral cancer. Cancer Lett 108: 61-66.
62. Otis LL, Everett MJ, Sathyam US, Colston BW Jr (2000). Optical coherence tomography: a new imaging technology for dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 131: 511-514.
63. Ozawa N, Sumi Y, Chong C, Kurabayashi T (2009). Evaluation of oral vascular anomalies using optical coherence tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47: 622-626.
64. Patton LL, Epstein JB, Kerr AR (2008). Adjunctive techniques for oral cancer examination and lesion diagnosis: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Dent Assoc 139: 896-905.
65. Pecora G, Andreana S (1993). Use of dental operating microscope in endodontic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 75: 751-758.
66. Poh CF, Ng SP, Williams PM et al (2007). Direct fluorescence visualization of clinically occult high-risk oral premalignant disease using a simple hand-held device. Head Neck 29: 71-76.
67. Ramanujam N (2000). Fluorescence spectroscopy of neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. Neoplasia 2: 89-117.
68. Rampado ME, Tjaderhane L, Friedman S, Hamstra SJ (2004). The benefit of operating microscope for access cavity preparation by undergraduate students. J Endod 30: 863-867.
69. Roblyer D, Kurachi C, Stepanek V et al (2009). Objective detection and delineation of oral neoplasia using autofluorescence imaging. Cancer Prev Res 2: 423-431.
70. Rosin MP, Poh CF, Guillard M, Williams PM, Zhang L, MacaUlay C (2007). Visualization and other emerging technologies as change makers for oral cancer prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1098: 167-183.
71. Rubinstein RA, Kim S (1999). Short-term observation of the results of endodontic surgery with the use of a surgical operation microscope and Super-EBA as root-end filling material. J Endod 25: 43-48.
72. Sainsbury AL, Bird PS, Walsh LJ (2009). DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence assessment of endodontic infection. J Endod 35: 1404-1407.
73. Schantz SP, Kolli V, Savage HE et al (1998). In vivo native cellular fluorescence and histological characteristics of head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4: 1177-1182.
74. Schneiderman A, Elbaum M, Shultz T (1997). Assessment of dental caries with digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI): in vitro study. Caries Res 31: 103-110.
75. Schwartze T, Baethge C, Stecher T, Geurtsen W (2002). Identification of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars using magnifying loupes or an operating microscope. Aust Endod J 28: 57-60.
76. Schwarz RA, Gao W, Redden Weber C et al (2009). Noninvasive evaluation of oral lesions using depth-sensitive optical spectroscopy simple device for the direct visualization of oral-cavity tissue fluorescence. Cancer 115: 1669-1679.
77. Shemesh H, Van Soest G, Wu MK, Van Der Sluis LW, Wesselink PR (2007). The ability of optical coherence tomography to characterize the root canal walls. J Endod 33: 1369-1373.
78. Shi XQ, Welander U, Angmar-Månssona B (2000). Occlusal caries detection with KaVo DIAGNOdent and radiography: an in vitro comparison. Caries Res 34: 151-158.
79. Slaton CC, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Parker MH, Kimbrough WF, Pashley DH (2003). Identification of resected root-end dentinal cracks: a comparative study of visual magnification. J Endod 29: 519-522.
80. Todea C, Balabuc C, Sinescu C et al (2009). En face optical coherence tomography investigation of apical microleakage after laser-assisted endodontic treatment. Lasers Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0680-5.
81. Tsai MT, Lee HC, Lee CK et al (2008a). Effective indicators for diagnosis of oral cancer using optical coherence tomography. Opt Express 16: 15847-15862.
82. Tsai MT, Lee HC, Lu CW et al (2008b). Delineation of an oral cancer lesion with swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 13: 044012.
83. Tsai MT, Lee CK, Lee HC et al (2009). Differentiating oral lesions in different carcinogenesis stages with optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 14: 044028.
84. Wagnieres GA, Star WM, Wilson BC (1998). In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging for oncological applications. Photochem Photobiol 68: 603-632.
85. White WM, Rajadhyaksha M, González S (1999). Noninvasive imaging of human oral mucosa in vivo by confocal reflectance microscopy. Laryngoscope 109: 1709-1717.
86. Wilder-Smith P, Osann K, Hanna N et al (2004). In vivo multiphoton fluorescence imaging: a novel approach to oral malignancy. Lasers Surg Med 35: 96-103.
87. Wilder-Smith P, Hammer-Wilson MJ, Zhang J et al (2007). In vivo imaging of oral mucositis in an animal model using optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography. Clin Cancer Res 13: 2449-2454.
88. Wilder-Smith C, Wilder-Smith P, Kawakami-Wong H, Voronets J, Osann K, Lussi A (2009a). Quantification of dental erosions in patients with GERD using optical coherence tomography before and after double-blind, randomized treatment with esomeprazole or placebo. Am J Gastroenterol 104: 2788-2795.
89. Wilder-Smith P, Lee K, Guo S, Zhang J, Osann K (2009b). In vivo diagnosis of oral dysplasia and malignancy using optical coherence tomography: preliminary studies in 50 patients. Lasers Surg Med 41: 353-357.
90. Wu J, Fried D (2009). High contrast near-infrared polarized reflectance images of demineralization on tooth buccal and occlusal surfaces at lambda = 1310 nm. Lasers Surg Med 41: 208-213.
91. Young DA, Featherstone JD (2005). Digital imaging fiber-optic trans-illumination, F-speed radiographic film and depth of approximal lesions. J Am Dent Assoc 136: 1682-1687.
92. Zandoná AF, Zero DT (2006). Diagnostic tools for early caries detection. J Am Dent Assoc 137: 1675-1684.
93. Zaugg B, Stassinakis A, Hotz P (2004). Influence of magnification tools on the recognition of simulated preparation and filling errors. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 114: 890-896.