Anti-alcohol posters in Poland, 1945-1989: Diverse meanings, uncertain effects

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 100, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 2059-2069

  Gorsky, Martin ^a   Krajewski Siuda, Krzysztof ^b,c   Dutka, Wojciech ^b   Berridge, Virginia ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA   (Poland)

^c JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HISTORY; HUMAN; POLAND; POLITICAL SYSTEM;

ALCOHOL DRINKING; HEALTH PROMOTION; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; POLAND; POSTERS AS TOPIC; SOCIALISM;

EID: 77958165624     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.179358     Document Type: Article

References (103)

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19. A. Kemp-Welch, Poland Under Communism (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
20. B. Markiewicz, "Tuberculosis in Poland, 1945-1995: Images of a Disease," in Images of Disease: Science, Public Policy and Health in Post-War Europe, ed. I. Lowy and J. Krige (Luxembourg: European Communities, 2001), 257-290, see 267.
21. Davies, God's Playground, 406.
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23. K. Moczarski, History of Alcoholism and the Fight Against It (Warsaw: SKP, 1980), 15;
24. Moskalewicz, "Monopolization of the Alcohol Arena," 125-126, quote on 126.
25. B. Rok, "Counteraction Against Alcoholism in Religious Letters of 18th Century [in Polish]," Medycyna Nowozytna 6, no.2 (1999): 62-77.
26. Here we assume that findings from Imperial Russia apply to pre-independence Poland; K. Transchel, Under the Influence: Working-Class Drinking, Temperance And Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1895-1932 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006), 37, 123, 152;
27. P. Herlihy, The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2002), 92-93, see 140;
28. M.-R. Rialand, L'alcool et les Russes (Paris: Institut des Etudes Slaves, 1989), 71-72.
29. Data for 1950 to 1980 are from J. Morawski, "Alcohol-Related Problems in Poland, 1950-81," in Consequences of Drinking: Trends in Alcohol Problem Statistics in Seven Countries, ed. N. Giesbrecht, M. Cahannes, J. Moskalewicz, E. Österberg, and R. Room (Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1983), 2; data for 1985 and 1989 are from "OECD Health Data 2009-Selected Data: Risk Factors," available at http:// stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode= CSP2009 (accessed October 16, 2009).
30. J. Moskalewicz and J. Sieroslawski, "Differentiation in Alcohol Consumption in Poland in the 1980s [in Polish]," Problemy Medycyny Spolecznej 8 (1986): 252-255.
31. Taking the mean of figures for 1981 through 2001, odd years only; OECD Health Data 2009.
32. J. Moskalewicz, Social Policies Related to Alcohol in Poland, 1944-1982 [in Polish] (Warsaw: State Agency of Alcohol Related Problems, 1998), 46.
33. All data are from Morawski, "Alcohol- Related Problems" and I. Wald and J. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol Policy in a Crisis Situation," British Journal of Addiction 79 (1984): 331-335.
34. J. Moskalewicz and G. Swiatkiewicz, "Deviants in a Deviant Institution: A Case Study of a Polish Alcohol Treatment Hospital," Contemporary Drug Problems 16 (Summer 1989): 157-176.
35. J. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol as a Public Issue: Recent Developments in Alcohol Control in Poland," Contemporary Drug Problems 10 (Spring 1981): 11-21, see 11-12;
36. I. Wald et al., Raport o problemach polityki wobec alkoholu (Warsaw: Instytut Wydawniczy Zwiazków Zawodowych, 1981).
37. I. Wald and J. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol Policy in a Crisis Situation," British Journal of Addiction 79 (1984): 331-335, see 335;
38. J. Moskalewicz, "Lessons to Be Learnt From Poland's Attempt at Moderating Its Consumption of Alcohol," Addiction 88 (Supplement 1993): S135-S142, see S139.
39. M. Kurpik, "Time, Artists and the Poster," in Posters From the Poster Museum at Wilanow Collection, ed. M. Kurpik and A. Szydolska (Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe w Warsazawie, 2008): 26-51;
40. J. Barnicoat, Posters: A Concise History (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972): 135, 145-146.
41. Aulich and Sylvestrova, Political Posters, 23-25;
42. A. Szydolska 2008, "Posters of the Stalinist Period in Poland: From Socialist Realism to Pop Culture," in Posters From the Poster Museum at Wilanow Collection, 196-201.
43. S. Wrede, The Modern Poster (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988), 37;
44. Kurpik, "Time, Artists and the Poster."
45. J. Lenica, "Documentacja Obrad Sympozium Zorganizowanego z Okazji 1 Miedzynarodowego Biennale Plakatu, Warszawa," 1966, cited in Posters From the Poster Museum at Wilanow Collection, 88.
46. Crowley, "The Propaganda Poster," 133-134.
47. Locations are as follows: 479 posters in the Wilanow Poster Museum and 150 in the Central Medical Library, Warsaw; 243 in the Jagiellonian Library and 37 in the Academy of Fine Arts, Krakow; and 86 in the Silesian Library, Katowice.
48. M. Emmison and P. Smith, Researching the Visual: Images, Objects and Interactions in Social and Cultural Inquiry (London: Sage, 2000), 61-63.
49. D. Parszewska, "Poster Museum at Wilanow-Genesis, Form and Function," in Posters From the Poster Museum at Wilanow Collection, 10-17.
50. Emmison and Smith, Researching the Visual, 58-63.
51. O. Amsterdamska, "Drinking as a Political Act: Images of Alcoholism in Polish Literature, 1956-1989," in Images of Disease. Science, Public Policy and Health in Post-War Europe, ed. I. Lowy and J. Krige (Luxembourg: European Communities, 2001), 309-327, see 325.
52. J. Laskowska-Otwinowska, "Community and Individual Changes in Propaganda Against Alcoholism," in Images of Disease, 329-352, see 332-338.
53. Johnny and Mitchell, "Live and Let Live."
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56. Johnny and Mitchell, "Live and Let Live," 760, 766.
57. J. Zielecki, "Andrzej Pagowski," in Andrzej Pagowski, ed. M. Kurasiak (Warsaw: Foundation of Polish Culture, 1989), 9-13, quote at 12.
58. Aulich and Sylvestrova, Political Posters, 175, 177;
59. Kurpik, "Time, Artists and the Poster," 40.
60. Amsterdamska, "Drinking as a Political Act"; Images of Disease, 309, 325.
61. Moskalewicz, "Monopolization of the Alcohol Arena," 117-120;
62. Herlihy, Alcoholic Empire, 131-133;
63. Transchel, Under the Influence, 35-36.
64. N. Andrews, Poland 1980-1981: Solidarity Versus the Party (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1985), 177.
65. A. Bielewicz and J. Moskalewicz, "Temporary Prohibition: The Gdansk Experience August 1980," Contemporary Drug Problems 11 (Fall 1982): 367-381, 369-371;
66. Solidarity Strike Bulletin no. 8," in The Solidarity Sourcebook, ed. S. Perky and H. Flam (Vancouver: New Star, 1982), 88.
67. Quoted in Moskalewicz, "Lessons to Be Learnt," 139;
68. J. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol as a Public Issue: Recent Developments in Alcohol Control in Poland," Contemporary Drug Problems 10 (Spring 1981): 11-19, 16.
69. Bielewicz and Moskalewicz, "Temporary Prohibition," 373;
70. Moskalewicz, "Lessons to Be Learnt," 137;
71. Kemp-Welch.Poland Under Communism 210.
72. Jaroslaw Jasinski, Have the Courage to Say No, 1977, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 19954.
73. Witold Janowski, He Wanted to Be a Good Friend, 1966, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 5167.
74. For example, see Zbigniew Slomczynski and Gustaw Majewski, Vodka, 1956, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 2808/1-3;
75. Marek Mosinski, Untitled, 1968, Jagiellonian Library, XVI 5'68.
76. M. Gawin, "Progressivism and Eugenic Thinking in Poland, 1905-1939," in Blood and Homeland: Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940, ed. M. Turda and P. Weindling (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2007), 167-183.
77. Kemp-Welch, Poland Under Communism, 148-157.
78. M. O'Mahony, Sport in the USSR: Physical Culture-Visual Culture (London: Reaktion, 2006), 16-17.
79. Ibid, 15-20, 55-56, 138-139, 176-178.
80. Ibid, 43-50, 121;
81. M. Lafont, Soviet Posters (London: Prestel, 2007), 111, 117, 121, 125, 131, 136, 154, 169, 170, 172, 191.
82. Cited in Aulich and Sylvestrova, Political Posters, 151.
83. Danuta Cesarska, Its Cool to Party Without Alcohol, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 19085;
84. Waldemar Swierzy, Alcohol Can Also Transmit Venereal Diseases, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 15368.
85. The Black Book of Polish Censorship, ed. J. Leftwich Curry (New York: Random House, 1984), 152.
86. Tomasz Jura, Do Not Drink Away Your Life, 1970, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 14792;
87. Janusz Wiktorowski, The Drunken Loafer, 1973, Jagiellonian Library, XVI 5'73;
88. Wojciech Freudenreich, Watch Out, Alcohol Is Dangerous, 1976, Jagiellonian Library, XVI 5'76;
89. Marek Freudenreich, 1970, Alcohol Disturbs Precision of Thought, Wilanow Poster Museum, Pl. 14615.
90. Kurpik, "Time, Artists and the Poster," 45;
91. Aulich and Sylvestrova Political Posters 55.
92. W. Roszkowski, The New Polish History (Warsaw: Puls Publications, 1991), 932
93. See D. Miller and K. Williams, "The AIDS Public Education Campaign, 1986-90";
94. Miller et al., Circuit of Mass Communication, 13-45.
95. Black Book of Polish Censorship, 5, 214-218;
96. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol as a Public Issue," 14.
97. Moskalewicz, "Lessons to Be Learnt," 137;
98. I. Wald, J. Morawski, and J. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Research, 12. Poland," British Journal of Addiction 81 (1986): 729-734.
99. J. Moskalewicz and J. Simpura, "The Supply of Alcoholic Beverages in Transitional Conditions: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe," Addiction 95, Supplement 4 (2000): S505-S522, S509-S510.
100. Moskalewicz, "Lessons to Be Learnt," 136.
101. Moskalewicz, "Alcohol as a Public Issue," 11-12.
102. Aulich and Sylvestrova, Political Posters, 3.
103. B. Wojtyniak, J. Moskalewicz, J. Stokwiszewski, and D. Rabczenko, "Gender-Specific Mortality Associated With Alcohol Consumption in Poland in Transition," Addiction 100 (2005): 1779-1789, quote on 1786.