Stress doppler echocardiography in valvular heart diseases: Utility and assessment

Future Cardiology

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 611-625

  Oconnor, Kim ^a   Lancellotti, Patrizio ^a   Piérard, Luc A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

aortic regurgitation; aortic stenosis; degenerative mitral regurgitation; dobutamine stress test; echocardiography; exercise stress testing; ischemic mitral regurgitation; mitral stenosis; prognosis; valvular heart diseases

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BISOPROLOL; BUMETANIDE; CLOPIDOGREL; DOBUTAMINE; METFORMIN; PERINDOPRIL; SIMVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGED; AORTA STENOSIS; AORTA VALVE; AORTA VALVE REGURGITATION; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIAC PATIENT; CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART FUNCTION TEST; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART RATE; HEART VENTRICLE WALL MOTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION; MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; SYSTOLIC HEART MURMUR; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE;

AGED; AORTIC VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, STRESS; FEMALE; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 77958070751     PISSN: 14796678     EISSN: 17448298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fca.10.72     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Picano E, Pibarot P, Lancellotti P et al.: The emerging role of exercise testing and stress echocardiography in valvular heart disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54(24), 2251-2260 (2009). Excellent review on stress echocardiography written by pioneers and experts in the field of valvular heart disease.
2. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J et al.: Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 28(2), 230-268 (2007).
3. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C et al.: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease) developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 114(5), e84-e231 (2006).
4. Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A et al.: Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement-executive summary: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur. Heart J. 30(3), 278-289 (2009).
5. Pellikka PA, Nagueh SF, Elhendy AA, Kuehl CA, Sawada SG: ASE recommendations for performance, interpretation and application of stress echocardiography. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiography 20(9), 1021-1041 (2007).
6. Das P, Rimington H, Chambers J: Exercise testing to stratify risk in aortic stenosis. Eur. Heart J. 26(13), 1309-1313 (2005).
7. Das P, Rimington H, Smeeton N, Chambers J: Determinants of symptoms and exercise capacity in aortic stenosis: A comparison of resting haemodynamics and valve compliance during dobutamine stress. Eur. Heart J. 24(13), 1254-1263 (2003).
8. Amato MC, Moffa PJ, Werner KE, Ramires JA: Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: Role of exercise testing. Heart 86(4), 381-386 (2001).
9. Lancellotti P, Lebois F, Simon M, Tombeux C, Chauvel C, Pierard LA: Prognostic importance of quantitative exercise Doppler echocardiography in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation 112(Suppl. 9), I377-I382 (2005). First study demonstrating the prognostic value of exercise stress echocardiography in asymptomatic aortic stenosis.
10. Marechaux S, Ennezat PV, LeJemtel TH et al.: Left ventricular response to exercise in aortic stenosis: An exercise echocardiographic study. Echocardiography 24(9), 955-959 (2007).
11. Lancellotti P, Karsera D, Tumminello G et al.: Determinants of an abnormal response to exercise in patients with asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Eur J. Echocardiogr. 9(3), 338-343 (2008).
12. Dalsgaard M, Kjaergaard J, Pecini R et al.: Predictors of exercise capacity and symptoms in severe aortic stenosis. Eur. J. Echocardiogr. 11(6), 482-487 (2010).
13. Bermejo J, Yotti R: Low-gradient aortic valve stenosis. Value and limitations of dobutamine stress testing. Heart 93(3), 298-302 (2007).
14. Monin JL, Quere JP, Monchi M et al.: Low-gradient aortic stenosis: Operative risk stratification and predictors for long-term outcome: A multicenter study using dobutamine stress hemodynamics. Circulation 108(3), 319-324 (2003). Largest study showing the role of dobutamine stress echocardiography in low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis.
15. Blais C, Burwash IG, Mundigler G et al.: The projected valve area at normal flow rate improves the assessment of stenosis severity in patients with low flow aortic stenosis: The multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) study. Circulation 113(5), 711-721 (2006).
16. Nishimura RA, Grantham JA, Connolly HM et al.: Low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function: The clinical utility of the dobutamine challenge in the catheterization laboratory. Circulation 106(7), 809-813 (2002).
17. Tribouilloy C, Levy F, Rusinaru D et al.: Outcome after aortic valve replacement for low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis without contractile reserve on dobutamine stress echocardiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 53(20), 1865-1873 (2009).
18. Bergler-Klein J, Mundigler G, Pibarot P et al.: B-type natriuretic peptide in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: Relationship to hemodynamics and clinical outcome. Circulation 115(22), 2848-2855 (2007).
19. Clavel MA, Fuchs C, Burwash IG et al.: Predictors of outcomes in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: Results of the multicenter TOPAS Study. Circulation 118(Suppl. 14), S234-S242 (2008).
20. Wahi S, Haluska B, Pasquet A, Case C, Rimmerman CM, Marwick TH: Exercise echocardiography predicts development of left ventricular dysfunction in medically and surgically treated patients with asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation. Heart 84(6), 606-614 (2000). Rare paper published on the role of stress echocardiography in aortic regurgitation. It may help to predict left ventricular dysfunction.
21. Espinola-Zavaleta N, Gomez-Nunez N, Chavez PY et al.: Evaluation of the response to pharmacological stress in chronic aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography 18(6), 491-496 (2001).
22. Vinereanu D, Ionescu AA, Fraser AG: Assessment of left ventricular long axis contraction can detect early myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation. Heart 85(1), 30-36 (2001).
23. Schwammenthal E, Vered Z, Agranat O, Kaplinsky E, Rabinowitz B, Feinberg MS: Impact of atrioventricular compliance on pulmonary artery pressure in mitral stenosis: An exercise echocardiographic study. Circulation 102(19), 2378-2384 (2000).
24. Li M, Déry JP, Dumesnil JG, Boudreault JR, Jobin J, Pibarot P: Usefulness of measuring net atrioventricular compliance by Doppler echocardiography in patients with mitral stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol. 96(3), 432-435 (2005).
25. Cheitlin MD: Stress echocardiography in mitral stenosis: When is it useful? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43(3), 402-404 (2004).
26. Pierard LA, Lancellotti P: Stress testing in valve disease. Heart 93(6), 766-772 (2007).
27. Reis G, Motta MS, Barbosa MM, Estives WA, Souza SF, Bocchi EA: Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment and risk stratification of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43(3), 393-401 (2004).
28. Lancellotti P, Marwick T, Pierard LA: How to manage ischaemic mitral regurgitation. Heart 94(11), 1497-1502 (2008).
29. Lancellotti P, Lebrun F, Pierard LA: Determinants of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 42(11), 1921-1928 (2003). (Pubitemid 37485566)
30. Pierard LA, Lancellotti P: The role of ischemic mitral regurgitation in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema. N. Engl. J. Med 351(16), 1627-1634 (2004). Clinical study demonstrating that dynamic mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently associated with the occurrence of acute pulmonary edema.
31. Magne J, Senechal M, Dumesnil JG, Pibarot P: Ischemic mitral regurgitation: A complex multifaceted disease. Cardiology 112(4), 244-259 (2009).
32. Rizzello V, Poldermans D, Boersma E et al.: Opposite patterns of left ventricular remodeling after coronary revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: Role of myocardial viability. Circulation 110(16), 2383-2388 (2004).
33. Ypenburg C, Sieders A, Bleeker GB et al.: Myocardial contractile reserve predicts improvement in left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am. Heart J. 154(6), 1160-1165 (2007).
34. Marwick TH, Lancellotti P, Pierard L: Ischaemic mitral regurgitation: Mechanisms and diagnosis. Heart 95(20), 1711-1718 (2009).
35. Cieslikowski D, Baron T, Grodzicki T: Exercise echocardiography in the evaluation of functional mitral regurgitation: A systematic review of the literature. Cardiol J. 14(5), 436-446 (2007).
36. Podolec P, Rubis P, Tomkiewicz-Pajak L, Kopec G, Tracz W: Usefulness of the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function changes during stress echocardiography in predicting exercise capacity in patients with ischemic heart failure. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 21(7), 834-840 (2008).
37. Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ: Ischemic mitral regurgitation. long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation 103(13), 1759-1764 (2001).
38. Lancellotti P, Troisfontaines P, Toussaint AC, Pierard LA: Prognostic importance of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 108(14), 1713-1717 (2003). Study showing the prognostic value of dynamic MR in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. (Pubitemid 37243659)
39. Lancellotti P, Gerard PL, Pierard LA: Long-term outcome of patients with heart failure and dynamic functional mitral regurgitation. Eur. Heart J. 26(15), 1528-1532 (2005).
40. Levine RA, Schwammenthal E: Ischemic mitral regurgitation on the threshold of a solution: From paradoxes to unifying concepts. Circulation 112(5) 745-758 (2005). Excellent paper on ischemic MR.
41. Enriquez-Sarano M, Sundt TM 3rd: Early surgery is recommended for mitral regurgitation. Circulation 121(6), 804-812 (2010).
42. Gillam LD, Schwartz A: Primum non nocere: The case for watchful waiting in asymptomatic "severe" degenerative mitral regurgitation. Circulation 121(6), 813-821 (2010).
43. Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D et al.: Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(9), 875-883 (2005). (Pubitemid 40300296)
44. Supino PG, Borer JS, Schuleri K et al.: Prognostic value of exercise tolerance testing in asymptomatic chronic nonischemic mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Cardiol. 100(8), 1274-1281 (2007).
45. Magne J, Lancellotti P, Pierard LA: Exercise-induced changes in degenerative mitral regurgitation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2010) (In press).
46. Leung D, Griffin B, Stewart W, Cosgrove D, Thomas J, Marwick T: Left ventricular function after valve repair for chronic mitral regurgitation: Predictive value of preoperative assessment of contractile reserve by exercise echocardiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 28(5), 1198-1205 (1996).
47. Lee R, Haluska B, Leung DY, Case C, Mundy J, Marwick TH: Functional and prognostic implications of left ventricular contractile reserve in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Heart 91(11), 1407-1412 (2005).
48. Lancellotti P, Cosyns B, Zacharakis D et al.: Important of left ventricular longitudinal function and functional reserve in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation: Assessment by 2-D speckle tracking. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 21(12), 1331-1336 (2008).
49. Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG et al.: A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur. Heart J. 24(13), 1231-1243 (2003). Reference study on prevalence and management of valvular heart disease in Europe.
50. Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J: Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(13), 1342-1349 (2005).
51. Chan KL, Teo K, Dumesnil JG, Ni A, Tam J: Effect of lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: Results of the aortic stenosis progression observation: Measuring effects of rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial. Circulation 121(2), 306-314 (2010).
52. Sack S, Kahlert P, Erbel R: Percutaenous mitral valve: A non-stented coronary sinus device for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure patients. Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol. 2(4), 156-163 (2009).
53. Rodes-Cabau J, Webb JG, Cheung A et al.: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients at very high or prohibitive surgical risk acute and late outcomes of the multicenter Canadian experience. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(11), 1080-1090 (2010).