Catastrophic disturbances in headwater streams: The long-term ecological effects of debris flows and debris floods in the Klamath Mountains, northern California

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 67, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1596-1610

  Cover, Matthew R ^a,c   de la Fuente, Juan A ^b   Resh, Vincent H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Klamath National Forest   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; DEBRIS FLOW; DETRITIVORY; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FROG; HEADWATER; MOUNTAIN REGION; ORGANIC MATTER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SALMONID; STONEFLY;

CALIFORNIA; COAST RANGES; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; UNITED STATES;

ANURA; ASCAPHUS TRUEI; CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE; DICAMPTODON TENEBROSUS; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; PLECOPTERA; SALAMANDROIDEA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 77958060232     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: 12057533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/F10-079     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bartholow, J.M. 2005. Recent water temperature trends in the lower Klamath River, California. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 25(1): 152-162. doi:10.1577/M04-007.1.
2. Baxter, C.V., Fausch, K.D., and Saunders, W.C. 2005. Tangled webs: reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey link streams and riparian zones. Freshw. Biol. 50: 201-220.
3. Benda, L.E., and Cundy, T.W. 1990. Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels. Can. Geotech. J. 27(4): 409-417. doi:10.1139/t90-057.
4. Benda, L., Hassan, M.A., Church, M., and May, C.L. 2005. Geo-morphology of steepland headwaters: the transition from hill-slopes to channels. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 41: 835-851.
5. Bilby, R.E., and Bisson, P.A. 1992. Allochthonous versus auto-chthonous organic-matter contributions to the trophic support of fish populations in clear-cut and old-growth forested streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49(3): 540-551. doi:10.1139/f92-064.
6. Bott, T.L. 2006. Primary productivity and community respiration. In Methods in stream ecology. 2nd ed. Edited by F.R. Hauer and G.A. Lamberti. Elsevier, New York. pp. 263-290.
7. Chin, A. 1998. On the stability of step-pool mountain streams. J. Geol. 106(1): 59-69. doi:10.1086/516007.
8. Compton, J.E., Church, M.R., Larned, S.T., and Hogsett, W.E. 2003. Nitrogen export from forested watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range: the role of N-2-fixing red alder. Ecosystems (N.Y., Print), 6(8): 773-785. doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0207-4.
9. Cover, M.R. 2008. The effects of landslides and debris flows on stream ecosystems in northern California, with notes on the biology of the Megaloptera (Insecta). Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
10. de la Fuente, J.A., and Elder, D.R. 1998. The flood of 1997: Kla- math National Forest. US Forest Service Technical Report, Kla-math National Forest, Yreka, Calif.
11. de la Fuente, J.A., and Haessig, P.A. 1994. Salmon sub-basin sedi-ment analysis. US Forest Service Technical Report, Klamath National Forest, Yreka, Calif.
12. Eaton, L.S., Morgan, B.A., Kochel, R.C., and Howard, A.D. 2003. Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia. Geology, 31(4): 339-342. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2.
13. Engelbrecht, B.M.J., and Herz, H.M. 2001. Evaluation of different methods to estimate understorey light conditions in tropical for-ests. J. Trop. Ecol. 17: 207-224.
14. Feminella, J.W., and Hawkins, C.P. 1995. Interactions between stream herbivores and periphyton: a quantitative analysis of past experiments. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 14(4): 465-509. doi:10. 2307/1467536.
15. Gomi, T., Sidle, R.C., and Richardson, J.S. 2002. Understanding processes and downstream linkages of headwater systems. Bioscience, 52(10): 905-916. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002) 052[0905:UPADLO]2.0.CO;2.
16. Grant, G.E., Swanson, F.J., and Wolman, M.G. 1990. Pattern and origin of stepped-bed morphology in high-gradient streams, Wes-tern Cascades, Oregon. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 102(3): 340-352. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0340:PAOOSB>2.3.CO;2.
17. Harmon, M.E., Franklin, J.F., Swanson, F.J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S.V., Lattin, J.D., Anderson, N.H., Cline, S.P., Aumen, N.G., Sedell, J.R., Lienkaemper, G.W., Cromack, K., Jr., and Cum-mins, K.W. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv. Ecol. Res, 15: 133-302. doi:10.1016/S0065- 2504(08)60121-X.
18. Hill, W.R., and Knight, A.W. 1988. Nutrient and light limitation of algae in two northern California streams. J. Phycol. 24: 125-132.
19. Johnson, S.L., and Jones, J.A. 2000. Stream temperature responses to forest harvest and debris flows in western Cascades, Oregon. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57(Suppl. 2): 30-39. doi:10.1139/cjfas-57-S2-30.
20. Johnson, S.L., Swanson, F.J., Grant, G.E., and Wondzell, S.M. 2000. Riparian forest disturbances by a mountain flood - the influence of floated wood. Hydrol. Process. 14(16-17): 3031-3050. doi:10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3031::AID- HYP133>3.0.CO;2-6.
21. Kiffney, P.M., Volk, C.J., Beechie, T.J., Murray, G.L., Pess, G.R., and Edmonds, R.L. 2004. A high-severity disturbance event alters community and ecosystem properties in West Twin Creek, Olym-pic National Park, Washington, USA. Am. Midl. Nat. 152(2): 286-303. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0286:AHDEAC]2.0. CO;2.
22. Lamberti, G.A., Gregory, S.V., Ashkenas, L.R., Steinman, A.D., and McIntire, C.D. 1989. Productive capacity of periphyton as a determinant of plant-herbivore interactions in streams. Ecology, 70(6): 1840-1856. doi:10.2307/1938117.
23. Lamberti, G.A., Gregory, S.V., Ashkenas, L.R., Wildman, R.C., and Moore, K.M.S. 1991. Stream ecosystem recovery following a catastrophic debris flow. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48(2): 196-208. doi:10.1139/f91-027.
24. Lancaster, S.T., Hayes, S.K., and Grant, G.E. 2003. Effects of wood on debris flow runout in small mountain watersheds. Water Resour. Res. 39(6): 1168. doi:10.1029/2001WR001227.
25. May, C.L. 2002. Debris flows through different forest age classes in the central Oregon Coast Range. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 38(4): 1097-1113. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05549.x.
26. May, C. 2007. Sediment and wood routing in steep headwater streams: an overview of geomorphic processes and their topo-graphic signatures. For. Sci. 53: 119-130.
27. May, C.L., and Gresswell, R.E. 2003. Processes and rates of sedi-ment and wood accumulation in headwater streams of the Ore-gon Coast Range, USA. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 28(4): 409-424. doi:10.1002/esp.450.
28. May, C.L., and Gresswell, R.E. 2004. Spatial and temporal patterns of debris-flow deposition in the Oregon Coast Range, USA. Geomorphology, 57(3-4): 135-149. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(03) 00086-2.
29. McNeely, C., Finlay, J.C., and Power, M.E. 2007. Grazer traits, competition, and carbon sources to a headwater-stream food web. Ecology, 88(2): 391-401. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2007) 88[391:GTCACS]2.0.CO;2. PMID:17479757.
30. Minshall, G.W., Brock, J.T., and Varley, J.D. 1989. Wildfires and Yellowstone's stream ecosystems. Bioscience, 39(10): 707-715. doi:10.2307/1311002.
31. Montgomery, D.R., and Buffington, J.M. 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 109(5): 596-611. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0596:CRMIMD>2. 3.CO;2.
32. Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K.M., Greenberg, H.M., and Dietrich, W.E. 2000. Forest clearing and regional landsliding. Geology, 28(4): 311-314. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<311:FCARL>2. 0.CO;2.
33. Montgomery, D.R., Massong, T.M., and Hawley, S.C.S. 2003. In fluence of debris flows and log jams on the location of pools and alluvial channel reaches, Oregon Coast Range. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 115(1): 78-88. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2003) 115<0078:IODFAL>2.0.CO;2.
34. Morton, D.M., and Campbell, R.H. 1974. Spring mudflows at Wrightwood, Southern California. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 7(4): 377-384. doi:10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1974.007.04.09.
35. Nakano, S., and Murakami, M. 2001. Reciprocal subsidies: dy- namic interdependence between terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(1): 166-170. doi:10. 1073/pnas.98.1.166. PMID:11136253.
36. Pickett, S.T.A. 1989. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. In Long-term studies in ecology: approaches and alternatives. Edited by G.E. Likens. Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 110-135.
37. Pierson, T.C., and Costa, J.E. 1987. A rheologic classification of subaerial sediment-water flows. Geol. Soc. Am. Rev. Eng. Geol. 7: 1-12.
38. Power, M.E. 1992. Hydrologic and trophic controls of seasonal algal blooms in northern California rivers. Arch. Hydrobiol. 125: 385-410.
39. Richardson, J.S. 1991. Seasonal food limitation of detritivores in a montane stream - an experimental test. Ecology, 72(3): 873- 887. doi:10.2307/1940589.
40. Richardson, J.S. 1992. Coarse particulate detritus dynamics in small, montane streams of southwestern British Columbia. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49(2): 337-346. doi:10.1139/f92-038.
41. Richardson, J.S., and Danehy, R.J. 2007. A synthesis of the ecology of headwater streams and their riparian zones in temperate forests. For. Sci. 53: 131-147.
42. Richardson, J.S., Shaughnessy, C.R., and Harrison, P.G. 2004. Litter breakdown and invertebrate association with three types of leaves in a temperate rainforest stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 159(3): 309-325. doi:10.1127/0003-9136/2004/0159-0309.
43. Roghair, C.N., Dolloff, C.A., and Underwood, M.K. 2002. Response of a brook trout population and instream habitat to a catastrophic flood and debris flow. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 131(4): 718-730. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0718:ROABTP>2.0.CO;2.
44. Snyder, C.D., and Johnson, Z.B. 2006. Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 25(4): 825-840. doi:10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0. CO;2.
45. Stock, J., and Dietrich, W.E. 2003. Valley incision by debris flows: evidence of a topographic signature. Water Resour. Res. 39(4): 1089-1113. doi:10.1029/2001WR001057.
46. Sutton, R.J., Deas, M.L., Tanaka, S.K., Soto, T., and Corum, R.A. 2007. Salmonid observations at a Klamath River thermal refuge under various hydrological and meteorological conditions. River Res. Appl. 23(7): 775-785. doi:10.1002/rra.1026.
47. Swanson, F.J., Johnson, S.L., Gregory, S.V., and Acker, S.A. 1998. Flood disturbance in a forested mountain landscape - interactions of land use and floods. Bioscience, 48(9): 681-689. doi:10.2307/1313331.
48. Vinson, M.R., and Hawkins, C.P. 1996. Effects of sampling area and subsampling procedures on comparisons of taxa richness among streams. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 15(3): 392-399. doi:10.2307/1467286.
49. Wilzbach, M.A., Harvey, B.C., White, J.L., and Nakamoto, R.J. 2005. Effects of riparian canopy opening and salmon carcass addition on the abundance and growth of resident salmonids. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62(1): 58-67. doi:10.1139/f04-177.
50. Wootton, J.T., Parker, M.S., and Power, M.E. 1996. Effects of disturbance on river food webs. Science (Washington, D.C.), 73(5281): 1558-1561. doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1558.