메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1063-1077

Fire history and fire ecology of Northern Kruger (KNP) and Limpopo National Park (PNL), southern Africa

Author keywords

charcoal; environmental history; fire ecology; pollen; savanna

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; CHARCOAL; FARMING SYSTEM; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; FIRE HISTORY; FIRE MANAGEMENT; FOSSIL RECORD; GRASS; HUMAN ACTIVITY; NATIONAL PARK; PALEOBOTANY; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SAVANNA; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 77958011195     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: 14770911     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0959683610369499     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (93)
  • 3
    • 59149091144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at
    • Bennett KD (2008) Psimpoll 4.26. Available at: http://www.chrono.qub.ac.uk/psimpoll/psimpoll.html.
    • (2008) Psimpoll 4.26
    • Bennett, K.D.1
  • 5
    • 0034526506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charcoal fragments in surface samples following a fire and the implications for interpretation of subfossil charcoal data
    • Blackford JJ (2000) Charcoal fragments in surface samples following a fire and the implications for interpretation of subfossil charcoal data. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 164: 33-42.
    • (2000) Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology , vol.164 , pp. 33-42
    • Blackford, J.J.1
  • 6
    • 20444448542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire as a global 'herbivore': The ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems
    • Bond WJ, Keeley JE (2006) Fire as a global 'herbivore': The ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trend in Ecology and Evolution 20: 387-394.
    • (2006) Trend in Ecology and Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 387-394
    • Bond, W.J.1    Keeley, J.E.2
  • 7
    • 0034425693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proposed CO2-controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands and savannas
    • Bond W., Midgley GF (2000) A proposed CO2-controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands and savannas. Global Change Biology 6: 865-869.
    • (2000) Global Change Biology , vol.6 , pp. 865-869
    • Bond, W.1    Midgley, G.F.2
  • 9
    • 79954549466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates
    • Bronk Ramsey C. (2009) Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51: 337-360.
    • (2009) Radiocarbon , vol.51 , pp. 337-360
    • Bronk Ramsey, C.1
  • 10
    • 0003348629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCal: An on-line Bayesian radiocarbon calibration tool
    • available at
    • Buck CE, Christen JA and James GN (1999) BCal: An on-line Bayesian radiocarbon calibration tool. Internet Archaeology 7: available at: http://bcal.sheffield.ac.uk.
    • (1999) Internet Archaeology , pp. 7
    • Buck, C.E.1    Christen, J.A.2    James, G.N.3
  • 11
    • 0346544257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoecology of humans and their ancestors
    • In: McClanahan TR, Young TP (eds), Oxford University Press
    • Burney DA (1996) Paleoecology of humans and their ancestors. In: McClanahan TR, Young TP (eds) East African Ecosystems and their Conservation. Oxford University Press, 19-36.
    • (1996) East African Ecosystems and Their Conservation , pp. 19-36
    • Burney, D.A.1
  • 13
    • 0024225773 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thins sections: application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark JS (1988) Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thins sections: application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota. Quaternary Research 30: 81-91.
    • (1988) Quaternary Research , vol.30 , pp. 81-91
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 14
    • 0000911139 scopus 로고
    • Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments
    • Clark RL (1982) Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments. Pollen et Spores 24: 523-535.
    • (1982) Pollen Et Spores , vol.24 , pp. 523-535
    • Clark, R.L.1
  • 15
    • 45849099215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the sensitivity of charcoal as an indicator of fire events in savanna environments: Quantitative predictions of fire proximity, area and intensity
    • Duffin KI, Gillson L. and Willis KJ (2008) Testing the sensitivity of charcoal as an indicator of fire events in savanna environments: Quantitative predictions of fire proximity, area and intensity. The Holocene 18: 279-291.
    • (2008) The Holocene , vol.18 , pp. 279-291
    • Duffin, K.I.1    Gillson, L.2    Willis, K.J.3
  • 16
    • 52749087715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest-savanna dynamics in the coastal lowland of southern Mozambique since c. AD 1400
    • Ekblom A. (2008) Forest-savanna dynamics in the coastal lowland of southern Mozambique since c. AD 1400. The Holocene 18: 1247-1257.
    • (2008) The Holocene , vol.18 , pp. 1247-1257
    • Ekblom, A.1
  • 19
    • 33644589785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking recorded fires using charcoal morphology from the sedimentary sequence of Prossner Lake, British Columbia (Canada)
    • Enache MD, Cumming BF (2006) Tracking recorded fires using charcoal morphology from the sedimentary sequence of Prossner Lake, British Columbia (Canada). Quaternary Research 65: 282-292.
    • (2006) Quaternary Research , vol.65 , pp. 282-292
    • Enache, M.D.1    Cumming, B.F.2
  • 21
    • 15944378603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum count sums for charcoal-concentration estimates in pollen slides: Accuracy and potential errors
    • Finsinger W., Tinner W. (2005) Minimum count sums for charcoal-concentration estimates in pollen slides: Accuracy and potential errors. The Holocene 15: 293-297.
    • (2005) The Holocene , vol.15 , pp. 293-297
    • Finsinger, W.1    Tinner, W.2
  • 23
    • 0034893216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Casacade range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire history studies
    • Gardner JJ, Whitlock C. (2001) Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Casacade range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire history studies. The Holocene 11: 541-549.
    • (2001) The Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 541-549
    • Gardner, J.J.1    Whitlock, C.2
  • 24
    • 33746492752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak climatic control of stand-scale fire history during the late Holocene
    • Gavin DG, Hu FS, Lertzman K. and Corbett P. (2006) Weak climatic control of stand-scale fire history during the late Holocene. Ecology 87: 1722-1732.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1722-1732
    • Gavin, D.G.1    Hu, F.S.2    Lertzman, K.3    Corbett, P.4
  • 25
    • 0020873775 scopus 로고
    • Landscapes of the Kruger National Park
    • Gertenbach WPD (1983) Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Kodoe 26: 9-21.
    • (1983) Kodoe , vol.26 , pp. 9-21
    • Gertenbach, W.P.D.1
  • 26
    • 23844506179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing non-equilibrium theories in savannas: 1400 years of vegetation change in Tsavo National Park, Kenya
    • Gillson L. (2004) Testing non-equilibrium theories in savannas: 1400 years of vegetation change in Tsavo National Park, Kenya. Ecological Complexity 1: 281-298.
    • (2004) Ecological Complexity , vol.1 , pp. 281-298
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 28
    • 59149102039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ekblom A (2009a) Untangling anthropogenic and climatic influence on riverine forest in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Gillson L., Ekblom A (2009a) Untangling anthropogenic and climatic influence on riverine forest in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 18: 171-185.
    • Vegetation History and Archaeobotany , vol.18 , pp. 171-185
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 29
    • 71449107680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ekblom A (2009b) Resilience and thresholds in savannas: Nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transition
    • Gillson L., Ekblom A (2009b) Resilience and thresholds in savannas: Nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transition. Ecosystems 12: 1189-1203.
    • Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 1189-1203
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 30
    • 33745713547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of fire season, fire frequency, rainfall and management on fire intensity in savanna vegetation in South Africa
    • Govender N., Trollope WS and van Wilgen BW (2006) The effect of fire season, fire frequency, rainfall and management on fire intensity in savanna vegetation in South Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 9-121.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 9-121
    • Govender, N.1    Trollope, W.S.2    van Wilgen, B.W.3
  • 31
    • 0034099815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, resprouting and variability: A recipe for grass-tree coexistence in savanna
    • Higgins SI, Bond W.J. and Trollope WS (2000) Fire, resprouting and variability: A recipe for grass-tree coexistence in savanna. Journal of Ecology 88: 213-229.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 213-229
    • Higgins, S.I.1    Bond, W.J.2    Trollope, W.S.3
  • 32
    • 11244300998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing fire regimes with charcoal from small-hollow sediments: a calibration with tree ring records of fire
    • Higuera PE, Sprugel DG and Brubaker LB (2005) Reconstructing fire regimes with charcoal from small-hollow sediments: a calibration with tree ring records of fire. The Holocene 15: 238-251.
    • (2005) The Holocene , vol.15 , pp. 238-251
    • Higuera, P.E.1    Sprugel, D.G.2    Brubaker, L.B.3
  • 33
    • 34547428994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the origin and analysis of sediment-charcoal records with a simulation model
    • Higuera PE, Peters ME, Brubaker LB and Gavin DG (2007) Understanding the origin and analysis of sediment-charcoal records with a simulation model. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 1790-1809.
    • (2007) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.26 , pp. 1790-1809
    • Higuera, P.E.1    Peters, M.E.2    Brubaker, L.B.3    Gavin, D.G.4
  • 34
  • 40
    • 0030424617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological evidence for climate change during the last 2000 years in Southern Africa
    • Huffman TN (1996b) Archaeological evidence for climate change during the last 2000 years in Southern Africa. Quaternary International 33: 55-60.
    • (1996) Quaternary International , vol.33 , pp. 55-60
    • Huffman, T.N.1
  • 42
    • 43149125635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change during the iron age in the Shashe-Limpopo basin, southern Africa
    • Huffman TN (2008) Climate change during the iron age in the Shashe-Limpopo basin, southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 2032-2047.
    • (2008) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.35 , pp. 2032-2047
    • Huffman, T.N.1
  • 43
    • 49049146660 scopus 로고
    • The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies
    • Jacobsen GL, Bradshaw RHW (1981) The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies. Quaternary Research 16: 80-96.
    • (1981) Quaternary Research , vol.16 , pp. 80-96
    • Jacobsen, G.L.1    Bradshaw, R.H.W.2
  • 44
    • 0031732360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on tree-grass coexistence in semi-arid savannas
    • Jeltsch F., Milton SJ, Dean WRJ, Van Rooyen N. and Moloney KA (1998) Modelling the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on tree-grass coexistence in semi-arid savannas. Journal of Ecology 86: 780-793.
    • (1998) Journal of Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 780-793
    • Jeltsch, F.1    Milton, S.J.2    Dean, W.R.J.3    van Rooyen, N.4    Moloney, K.A.5
  • 45
    • 0034492132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological buffering mechanisms in savannas: A unifying theory of long-term tree-grass coexistence
    • Jeltsch F., Weber GE and Grimm V. (2000) Ecological buffering mechanisms in savannas: A unifying theory of long-term tree-grass coexistence. Plant Ecology 161: 161-171.
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.161 , pp. 161-171
    • Jeltsch, F.1    Weber, G.E.2    Grimm, V.3
  • 47
    • 0012157685 scopus 로고
    • Paleoecological and ecological studies in the Northern Province of northern Rhodesia
    • Lawton RM (1963) Paleoecological and ecological studies in the Northern Province of northern Rhodesia. Kirkia 3: 46-77.
    • (1963) Kirkia , vol.3 , pp. 46-77
    • Lawton, R.M.1
  • 49
    • 0028163233 scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene environments at lake Mitsinjo, northwestern Madagascar
    • Matsumoto K., Burney DA (1994) Late Holocene environments at lake Mitsinjo, northwestern Madagascar. The Holocene 4: 16-24.
    • (1994) The Holocene , vol.4 , pp. 16-24
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Burney, D.A.2
  • 52
    • 0021575720 scopus 로고
    • Past and present environments of the Nyika plateau, Malawi
    • Meadows M. (1988) Past and present environments of the Nyika plateau, Malawi. Paleoecology of Africa 19: 353-385.
    • (1988) Paleoecology of Africa , vol.19 , pp. 353-385
    • Meadows, M.1
  • 53
    • 0032853047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 560-year record of Santa Ana fires reconstructed from charcoal deposited in the Santa Barbara basin, California
    • Mensing SA, Michalsen J. and Byrne R. (1999) A 560-year record of Santa Ana fires reconstructed from charcoal deposited in the Santa Barbara basin, California. Quaternary Research 51: 295-305.
    • (1999) Quaternary Research , vol.51 , pp. 295-305
    • Mensing, S.A.1    Michalsen, J.2    Byrne, R.3
  • 54
    • 84918681897 scopus 로고
    • A profile of the iron age in the Kruger national park
    • In: Hall M, Avery G, Avery DM, Wilson ML and Humphreys AJB (eds), Cambridge University Press
    • Meyer A. (1984) A profile of the iron age in the Kruger national park. In: Hall M, Avery G, Avery DM, Wilson ML and Humphreys AJB (eds) Frontiers, African Archaeology Today. Cambridge University Press, 56-59.
    • (1984) Frontiers, African Archaeology Today , pp. 56-59
    • Meyer, A.1
  • 55
    • 0002055322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest
    • In: Cowling MR, Richardson DM and Pierce SM (eds)., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Midgley J., Cowling RM (1997) Forest. In: Cowling MR, Richardson DM and Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 278-299.
    • (1997) Vegetation of Southern Africa , pp. 278-299
    • Midgley, J.1    Cowling, R.M.2
  • 56
    • 21444434090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive response of herbivores, soils and vegetation to annual burning in a South African savanna
    • Mills AJ, Fey MV (2005) Interactive response of herbivores, soils and vegetation to annual burning in a South African savanna. Austral Ecology 30: 435-444.
    • (2005) Austral Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 435-444
    • Mills, A.J.1    Fey, M.V.2
  • 61
    • 35148893122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in the riparian zone: Characteristics and ecological consequences
    • Pettit NE, Naiman RJ (2007) Fire in the riparian zone: Characteristics and ecological consequences. Ecosystems 10: 673-687.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 673-687
    • Pettit, N.E.1    Naiman, R.J.2
  • 62
    • 0345493885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sedimentary microscopic charcoal particle records in a small lake with dendrochronological data: Evidence for the local origin of microscopic charcoal produced by forest fires of low intensity in eastern Finland
    • Pitkänen A., Lehtonen H. and Huttunen P. (1999) Comparison of sedimentary microscopic charcoal particle records in a small lake with dendrochronological data: Evidence for the local origin of microscopic charcoal produced by forest fires of low intensity in eastern Finland. The Holocene 9: 559-567.
    • (1999) The Holocene , vol.9 , pp. 559-567
    • Pitkänen, A.1    Lehtonen, H.2    Huttunen, P.3
  • 63
    • 77956059114 scopus 로고
    • Iron age subsistence strategies in the Kruger national park, South Africa
    • Plug I. (1987) Iron age subsistence strategies in the Kruger national park, South Africa. Archaeozoologia 1: 117-125.
    • (1987) Archaeozoologia , vol.1 , pp. 117-125
    • Plug, I.1
  • 64
    • 5844315085 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of life in the Kruger national park during the early iron age
    • Series
    • Plug I. (1989) Aspects of life in the Kruger national park during the early iron age. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series6: 62-68.
    • (1989) South African Archaeological Society Goodwin , vol.6 , pp. 62-68
    • Plug, I.1
  • 65
    • 0000481734 scopus 로고
    • Radiochemical limnology, models and uncertainty in 210Pb dating of sediments
    • Robbins JA, Herche LR (1993) Radiochemical limnology, models and uncertainty in 210Pb dating of sediments. Verhandlungen Inter Verein Limnolologie 25: 217-222.
    • (1993) Verhandlungen Inter Verein Limnolologie , vol.25 , pp. 217-222
    • Robbins, J.A.1    Herche, L.R.2
  • 66
    • 70349417854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The faint footprint of man: Representing race, place and conservation on the Mozambique-South Africa borderland
    • Rodgers G. (2009) The faint footprint of man: Representing race, place and conservation on the Mozambique-South Africa borderland. Journal of Refugee Studies 22: 392-412.
    • (2009) Journal of Refugee Studies , vol.22 , pp. 392-412
    • Rodgers, G.1
  • 67
    • 2542565108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree grass coexistence in savannas revisited: Insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models
    • Sankaran M., Ratnam J. and Hanan NP (2004) Tree grass coexistence in savannas revisited: Insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models. Ecology Letters 7: 480-490.
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 480-490
    • Sankaran, M.1    Ratnam, J.2    Hanan, N.P.3
  • 71
    • 0036171395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic charcoal in sediments: Quaternary fire history of the grassland and savanna regions in South Africa
    • Scott L. (2002) Microscopic charcoal in sediments: Quaternary fire history of the grassland and savanna regions in South Africa. Journal of Quaternary Science 17: 77-86.
    • (2002) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.17 , pp. 77-86
    • Scott, L.1
  • 72
    • 84986850994 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of savanna ecosystems
    • Skarpe C. (1992) Dynamics of savanna ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 293-300.
    • (1992) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.3 , pp. 293-300
    • Skarpe, C.1
  • 74
    • 0031909248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen and charcoal in lake sediments compared with historically documented fires in southern Switzerland since AD 1920
    • Tinner W., Conedera M., Amman B., Gaggeler HG, Gedye S., Jones R.et al.(1998) Pollen and charcoal in lake sediments compared with historically documented fires in southern Switzerland since AD 1920. The Holocene 8: 31-42.
    • (1998) The Holocene , vol.8 , pp. 31-42
    • Tinner, W.1    Conedera, M.2    Amman, B.3    Gaggeler, H.G.4    Gedye, S.5    Jones, R.6
  • 77
    • 0002967626 scopus 로고
    • Fire regime of the Kruger National Park for the period 1980-92
    • Trollope WSW (1993) Fire regime of the Kruger National Park for the period 1980-92. Kodoe 36: 45-52.
    • (1993) Kodoe , vol.36 , pp. 45-52
    • Trollope, W.S.W.1
  • 78
    • 0033513157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary and Holocene palaeoclimates of southern Africa: A synthesis
    • Tyson PD (1999) Late Quaternary and Holocene palaeoclimates of southern Africa: A synthesis. South African Journal of Geology 102: 335-349.
    • (1999) South African Journal of Geology , vol.102 , pp. 335-349
    • Tyson, P.D.1
  • 82
    • 0036167346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing gradients of climate in southern Africa during the past millenium: Implications for population movements
    • Tyson PD, Lee-Thorp J., Holmgren K. and Thackerey JF (2002) Changing gradients of climate in southern Africa during the past millenium: Implications for population movements. Climatic Change 52: 129-135.
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.52 , pp. 129-135
    • Tyson, P.D.1    Lee-Thorp, J.2    Holmgren, K.3    Thackerey, J.F.4
  • 84
    • 0034079406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fire history of the savanna ecosystems in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1941 and 1996
    • Van Wilgen BW, Biggs HC, O'Regan SP and Mare N. (2000) A fire history of the savanna ecosystems in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1941 and 1996. South African Journal of Science 96: 167-178.
    • (2000) South African Journal of Science , vol.96 , pp. 167-178
    • van Wilgen, B.W.1    Biggs, H.C.2    O'Regan, S.P.3    Mare, N.4
  • 86
    • 4644265129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of savanna fire regimes to changing fire management policies in a large African National Park
    • Van Wilgen BW, Govender N., Biggs HC, Ntsala D. and Funda XN (2004) Response of savanna fire regimes to changing fire management policies in a large African National Park. Conservation Biology 18: 1533-1540.
    • (2004) Conservation Biology , vol.18 , pp. 1533-1540
    • van Wilgen, B.W.1    Govender, N.2    Biggs, H.C.3    Ntsala, D.4    Funda, X.N.5
  • 89
    • 0029667991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: An examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National park, USA
    • Whitlock C., Millspaugh SH (1996) Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: An examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National park, USA. The Holocene 6: 7-15.
    • (1996) The Holocene , vol.6 , pp. 7-15
    • Whitlock, C.1    Millspaugh, S.H.2
  • 90
    • 33846078196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kruger's elephant population: Its size and consequences for ecosystem heterogeneity
    • In: du Toit JT, Rogers KH and Biggs HC (eds)., Washington: Island Press
    • Whyte IJ, van Aarde R. and Pimm ST (2003) Kruger's elephant population: Its size and consequences for ecosystem heterogeneity. In: du Toit JT, Rogers KH and Biggs HC (eds) The Kruger Experience. Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity. Washington: Island Press, 332-348.
    • (2003) The Kruger Experience. Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity , pp. 332-348
    • Whyte, I.J.1    van Aarde, R.2    Pimm, S.T.3
  • 91
    • 77958002580 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation map of the flora Zambesiaca area, supplement
    • In: Wild W, Fernandes A (eds)
    • Wild H., Fernandes A. (1967) Vegetation map of the flora Zambesiaca area, supplement. In: Wild W, Fernandes A (eds)Flora Zambesiaca. The Government Printer.
    • (1967) Flora Zambesiaca. The Government Printer
    • Wild, H.1    Fernandes, A.2
  • 92
    • 0036139456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil grass cuticles from lacustrine sediments: A review of methods applicable to the analysis of tropical African lake cores
    • Wooller MJ (2002) Fossil grass cuticles from lacustrine sediments: A review of methods applicable to the analysis of tropical African lake cores. The Holocene 12: 97-105.
    • (2002) The Holocene , vol.12 , pp. 97-105
    • Wooller, M.J.1
  • 93
    • 0034524134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary fires and grassland palaeoecology of Mount Kenya, East Africa: Evidence from charred grass cuticles in lake sediments
    • Wooller MJ, Street-Perrott FA and Agnew ADQ (2000) Late Quaternary fires and grassland palaeoecology of Mount Kenya, East Africa: Evidence from charred grass cuticles in lake sediments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 164: 207-230.
    • (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.164 , pp. 207-230
    • Wooller, M.J.1    Street-Perrott, F.A.2    Agnew, A.D.Q.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.