Recovery of awareness after hyperacute hepatic encephalopathy with "flat" EEG, severe brain edema and deep coma

Neurocritical Care

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 247-251

  Hunter, Gary R W ^a   Young, G B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

EEG; Hyperacute hepatic failure; MRI; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; MANNITOL; PARACETAMOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BRAIN EDEMA; CASE REPORT; COMA; CONFUSION; CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CONVALESCENCE; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DROWSINESS; DRUG OVERDOSE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; JAUNDICE; LIVER FAILURE; LOW BACK PAIN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ACETAMINOPHEN; ADULT; AWARENESS; BRAIN EDEMA; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATITIS, VIRAL, HUMAN; HUMANS; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE;

EID: 77957963285     PISSN: 15416933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-010-9391-9     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. AT Blei 2008 Brain edema in acute liver failure Crit Care Clin 24 99 114 10.1016/j.ccc.2007.11.001 18241781 (Pubitemid 351172687)
2. M Raghavan PE Marik 2006 Therapy of intracranial hypertension in patients with fulminant hepatic failure Neurocrit Care 4 179 189 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XkvValt7w%3D 10.1385/NCC:4:2:179 16627910 (Pubitemid 43793352)
3. AJ Ware AN D'Agostino B Combes 1971 Cerebral edema: a major complication of massive hepatic necrosis Gastroenterology 61 877 884 1:STN:280: DyaE38%2Fls1ejsg%3D%3D 5125688
4. MD Norenberg KV Rao KR Jayakumar 2005 Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocytic swelling Brain Metab Dis 20 303 318 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlGhu77N 10.1007/s11011-005-7911-7 (Pubitemid 43029804)
5. P Desjardins M Belanger RF Butterworth 2001 Alterations in expression of genes coding for key astrocytic proteins in acute liver failure J Neurosci Res 66 967 971 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpt1SgtLs%3D 10.1002/jnr.10045 11746425 (Pubitemid 33126400)
6. C Scorticati FX Prestifiloppo JL Castro, et al. 2004 Hyperammonemia, brain edema and blood-brain barrier alterations in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats and paracetamol intoxication World J Gastoenterol 10 1321 1324 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVCnsbo%3D
7. MD Norenberg Y Itzhak RE Papendick 1985 Effects of ammonia on glutamate, GABA and rubidium uptake by astrocytes Ann Neurol 18 149
8. A Kundra A Jain A Banga G Bajaj P Kar 2005 Evaluation of plasma ammonia levels in patients with acute liver failure and chronic liver disease and its correlation with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy and clinical features of raised intracranial tension Clin Biochem 38 696 699 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXmsVais7g%3D 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.04.013 15963970 (Pubitemid 41019565)
9. DS Karnaze RG Bickford 1984 Triphasic waves: a reassessment of their significance Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 57 193 198 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7jtFOksA%3D%3D 10.1016/0013-4694(84)90120-2 6199180 (Pubitemid 14193314)
10. S Tanaka Y Yano H Sakamoto A Ohbayashi 1980 Recovery after prolonged flat EEG in hepatic coma Lancet 2 8208-8209 1379 1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2Fpsl2ktg%3D%3D 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)92455-1 6109201
11. S Kobayashi T Ochiai S Hori T Suzuki T Shimizu Y Gunji, et al. 2003 Complete recovery from fulminant hepatic failure with severe coma by living donor liver transplantation Hepatogastroenterology 50 515 518 12749261
12. V Fridman SL Galetta AA Pruitt JM Levine 2009 MRI findings associated with acute liver failure Neurology 72 2130 2131 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181aa5340 19528521
13. CS Rivers JM Wardlaw 2005 What has diffusion imaging in animals told us about diffusion imaging in patients with ischaemic stroke? Cerebrovasc Dis 19 328 336 10.1159/000084691 15795508 (Pubitemid 40663310)
14. SL Bridgers JS Ebersole 1988 EEG outside the hairline: detection of epileptiform abnormalities Neurology 38 146 149 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FpsFSktg%3D%3D 3336447
15. MF Folstein SE Folstein PR McHugh 1975 Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician J Psychiatr Res 12 189 198 1:STN:280:DyaE28%2FntFKjtw%3D%3D 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 1202204
16. RG Bickford HR Butt 1955 Hepatic coma: the electroencephalographic pattern J Clin Invest 34 790 799 1:STN:280:DyaG2M%2Fotlalug%3D%3D 10.1172/JCI103134 14381508
17. E Niedermeyer M Ribeiro S Hertz 1999 Mixed-type encephalopathies: preliminary considerations Clin Electroencephalogr 30 12 15 1:STN:280: DyaK1M7gvVegtw%3D%3D 9891186
18. WA Spencer ER Kandel 1968 Cellular and integrative properties of the hippocampal pyramidal cell and the comparative electrophysiology of cortical neurons Int J Neurol 6 266 296 1:STN:280:DyaE3M7jsVSmug%3D%3D 5759637
19. JB Brierley DI Graham JH Adams, et al. 1971 Neocortical death after cardiac arrest. A clinical, neurophysiological, and neuropathological report of two cases Lancet 2 7724 560 565 1:STN:280:DyaE38%2Fgt1GrsQ%3D%3D 4106102
20. JO Willoughby L Mackenzie KJ Pope M Broberg M Nilsson 2005 Localised astroglial dysfunction disrupts high-frequency EEG rhythms J Neural Transm 112 205 213 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M%2FjtVGhsQ%3D%3D 10.1007/s00702-004-0189-9 15365787 (Pubitemid 40179114)
21. K Takahashi H Kameda M Kataoka K Sanjou N Harata N Akaike 1993 Ammonia potentiates GABA-A response in dissociated rat cortical neurons Neurosci Lett 151 51 54 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXitVOitLY%3D 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90043-K 8385761 (Pubitemid 23144984)
22. AS Bender MD Norenberg 2000 Effect of ammonia on GABA uptake and release in cultured astrocytes Neurochem Int 36 389 395 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVant74%3D 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00130-8 10733006 (Pubitemid 30101580)
23. RF Butterworth 2000 The astrocytic "peripheral type" benzodiazepine receptor: role in the pathogenesis of porto-systemic encephalopathy Neurochem Int 36 411 416 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVant7w%3D 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00132-1 10733008 (Pubitemid 30101582)
24. EF Wijdicks DJ Plevak J Rakela RH Wiesner 1995 Clinical and radiologic features of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure Mayo Clin Proc 70 119 124 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7kslGjtw%3D%3D 10.4065/70.2.119 7845036
25. L Chavarria M Oria J Romero J Alonso S Lope-Piedrafita J Cordoba 2009 Diffusion tensor imaging supports the cytotoxic origin of brain edema in a rat model of acute liver failure Gastroenterology 138 4 1566 1573 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003 19843475
26. AM McKinney M Teksam R Felice, et al. 2004 Diffusion-weighted imaging in the setting of diffuse cortical laminar necrosis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Am J Neuroradiol 25 1659 1665 15569727
27. CA Wijman M Mlynash AF Caulfield, et al. 2009 Prognostic value of brain diffusion-weighted imaging after cardiac arrest Ann Neurol 65 394 402 10.1002/ana.21632 19399889
28. TA Milligan A Zamani E Bromfield 2009 Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus Seizure 18 104 108 10.1016/j.seizure. 2008.07.004 18723376
29. Y Sakai R Kira H Torisu K Ihara T Yoshiura T Hara 2006 Persistent diffusion abnormalities in the brain stem of three children with mitochondrial diseases AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 1924 1926 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28ngtVCitA%3D%3D 17032867