Sensor-based profiles of the NO parameter in the central Arctic and southern Canada Basin: New insights regarding the cold halocline

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 57, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 1432-1443

  Alkire, Matthew B ^a   Falkner, Kelly K ^a   Morison, James ^b   Collier, Robert W ^a   Guay, Christopher K ^c   Desiderio, Russell A ^a   Rigor, Ignatius G ^b   McPhee, Miles ^d  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c Pacific Marine Sciences and Technology   (United States)

^d McPhee Research Company   (United States)

Author keywords

Arctic; Chemical oceanography; Chemical sensor; Hydrography; Tracers

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC; ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC WATER; BRINE FORMATION; CANADA BASIN; CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; CONTINUOUS SENSING; DIAPYCNAL MIXING; EXPLORATION PROGRAM; HIGH RESOLUTION; HYDROGRAPHY; IN-SITU; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NORTH POLE ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATORIES; RIVER WATER; SALINITY SOURCES; TRACERS;

ARCTIC ENGINEERING; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; HYDROLOGY; MARINE ENGINEERING; NAVIGATION; OCEANOGRAPHY; SEA ICE;

SEAWATER;

BRINE; CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; DATA SET; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; HALOCLINE; INSULATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NITRATE; NITRIC OXIDE; OBSERVATORY; SEA ICE; SENSOR; TRACER;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 77957812073     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aagaard K., Coachman L.K., Carmack E. On the halocline of the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 1981, 28A:529-545.
2. Aagaard K., Roach A.T. Arctic Ocean-shelf exchange: measurements in Barrow Canyon. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:18163-18175.
3. Abrahamsen E.P., Meredith M.P., Falkner K.K., Torres-Valdes S., Leng M.J., Alkire M.B., Bacon S., Polyakov I., Ivanov V., Kirillov S. Tracer-derived freshwater budget of the Siberian Continental Shelf following the extreme Arctic summer of 2007. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36. 10.1029/2009GL037341.
4. Alkire M.B., Falkner K.K., Rigor I., Steele M., Morison J. The return of Pacific waters to the upper layers of the central Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 2007, 54:1509-1529.
5. Anderson L.G., Jones E.P. Tracing upper waters of the Nansen Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 1992, 39:425-433.
6. Anderson L.G., Bjork G., Holby O., Jones E.P., Kattner G., Koltermann K.P., Liljeblad B., Lindegren R., Rudels B., Swift J.H. Water masses and circulation in the Eurasian Basin: results from the Oden 91 expedition. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:3273-3283.
7. Bauch D., Dmitrenko I.A., Wegner C., Holemann J., Kirillov S.A., Timokhov L.A., Kassens H. Exchange of Laptev Sea and Arctic Ocean halocline waters in response to atmospheric forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. 10.1029/2008JC005062.
8. Boyd T.J., Steele M., Muench R.D., Gunn J.T. Partial recovery of the Arctic Ocean halocline. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29. 10.1029/2001GL014047.
9. Broecker W.S. "NO", A conservative water mass tracer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1974, 23:100-107.
10. Carmack E., McLaughlin F., Yamamoto-Kawai M., Itoh M., Shimada K., Krishfield R., Proshutinsky A. Freshwater storage in the Northern Ocean and the special role of the Beaufort Gyre. Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate 2008, 145-170. Springer. R.R. Dickson, J. Meincke, P. Rhines (Eds.).
11. Cavalieri D.J., Martin S. The contribution of Alaskan, Siberian, and Canadian coastal polynyas to the cold halocline layer of the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:18343-18362.
12. Codispoti L.A., Friederich G.E., Sakamoto C.M., Gordon L.I. Nutrient cycling and primary production in the marine systems of the Arctic and Antarctic. Journal of Marine Systems 1991, 2:359-384.
13. Cooper L.W., Whitledge T.E., Grebmeier J.M., Weingartner T. The nutrient, salinity, and stable oxygen isotope composition of Bering and Chukchi Seas waters in and near the Bering Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:12563-12573.
14. Cooper L.W., McClelland J.W., Holmes R.M., Raymond P.A., Gibson J.J., Guay C.K., Peterson B.J. Flow-weighted values of runoff tracers (d18O, DOC, Ba, alkalinity) from the six largest Arctic rivers. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35. 10.1029/2008GL035007.
15. Devol A.H., Codispoti L.A., Christensen J.P. Summer and winter denitrification rates in western Arctic shelf sediments. Continental Shelf Research 1997, 17:1029-1050.
16. Devol A.H. Nitrogen cycle-solution to a marine mystery. Nature 2003, 422:575-576.
17. Dmitrenko I., Kirillov S., Eicken H., Markova N. Wind-driven summer surface hydrography of the eastern Siberian shelf. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32. 10.1029/2005GL023022.
18. Dmitrenko I.A., Kirillov S.A., Tremblay L.B. The long-term and interannual variability of summer fresh water storage over the eastern Siberian shelf: Implications for climatic change. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113. 10.1029/2007JC004304.
19. Ekwurzel B., Schlosser P., Mortlock R.A., Fairbanks R.G. River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:9075-9092.
20. Falkner K.K., Macdonald R.W., Carmack E.C., Weingartner T. The potential of barium as a tracer of Arctic water masses. The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: The Nansen Centennial Volume, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series 1994, 63-76. AGU Books, Washington, DC. O.M. Johannessen, R.D. Muench, J.E. Overland (Eds.).
21. Falkner K.K., Steele M., Woodgate R.A., Swift J.H., Aagaard K., Morison J. Dissolved oxygen extrema in the Arctic Ocean halocline from the North Pole to the Lincoln Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 2005, 52:1138-1154.
22. Guay C.K., Falkner K.K. Barium as a tracer of Arctic halocline and river waters. Deep-Sea Research II 1997, 44:1543-1569.
23. Guay C.K., Falkner K.K., Muench R.D., Mensch M., Frank M., Bayer R. Wind-driven transport pathways for Eurasian Arctic river discharge. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:11469-11480.
24. Itoh M., Carmack E., Shimada K., McLaughlin F., Nishino S., Zimmermann S. Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen-rich halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34. 10.1029/2007GL029482.
25. Johnson K.S., Needoba J.A. Mapping the spatial variability of plankton metabolism using nitrate and oxygen sensors on an autonomous underwater vehicle. Limnology and Oceanography 2008, 53:2237-2250.
26. Jones E.P., Anderson L.G. On the origin of the chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean halocline. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:10759-10767.
27. Jones E.P., Anderson L.G., Jutterstrom S., Mintrop L., Swift J.H. Pacific freshwater, river water and sea ice meltwater across the Arctic Ocean basins: results from the 2005 Beringia Expedition. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113. 10.1029/2007JC004124.
28. Kikuchi T., Hatakeyama K., Morison J. Distribution of convective lower halocline water in the eastern Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109. 10.1029/2003JC002223.
29. Kinney P., Arhelger M.E., Burrel D.C. Chemical characteristics of water masses in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 1970, 75:4097-4104.
30. Martin S., Drucker R., Kwok R., Holt B. Estimation of the thin ice thickness and heat flux for the Chukchi Sea Alaskan coast polynya from special sensor microwave/imager data, 1990-2001. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109. 10.1029/2004JC002428.
31. Martin S., Drucker R., Kwok R., Holt.B. Improvements in the estimates of ice thickness and production in the Chukchi Sea polynyas derived from AMSR-E. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32. 10.1029/2004GL022013.
32. Mathis J.T., Pickart R.S., Hansell D.A., Kadko D., Bates N.R. Eddy transport of organic carbon and nutrients from the Chukchi Shelf: impact on the upper halocline of the western Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112. 10.1029/2006JC003899.
33. McLaughlin F.A., Carmack E., Macdonald R. Physical and geochemical properties across the Atlantic/Pacific water mass front in the southern Canadian Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:1183-1197.
34. McLaughlin F.A., Carmack E.C., Macdonald R.W., Melling H., Swift J.H., Wheeler P.A., Sherr B.F., Sherr E.B. The joint roles of Pacific and Atlantic-origin waters in the Canada Basin, 1997-1998. Deep-Sea Research I 2004, 51:107-128.
35. Morison J., Andersen R., Larson N., D'Asaro E., Boyd T. The correction for thermal-lag effects in sea-bird CTD data. Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology 1994, 11:1151-1164.
36. Morison J., Steele M., Kikuchi T., Falkner K., Smethie W. The relaxation of central Arctic Ocean hydrography to pre-1990s climatology. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33. 10.1029/2006GL026826.
37. Nitishinsky M., Anderson L.G., Holemann J.A. Inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes on the Arctic Shelf. Continental Shelf Research 2007, 27:1584-1599.
38. Olsson K., Anderson L. Input and biogeochemical transformation of dissolved carbon in the Siberian shelf seas. Continental Shelf Research 1997, 17:819-833.
39. Pfirman S., Haxby W., Jeffries M., Bauch D. Drifting Arctic sea ice archives changes in ocean surface conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31. 10.1029/2004GL020666.
40. Rigor I.G., Wallace J.M., Colony R.L. Response of sea ice to the Arctic oscillation. Journal of Climate 2002, 15:2648-2663.
41. Rudels B., Anderson L.G., Jones E.P. Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:8807-8821.
42. Rudels B., Jones E.P., Schauer U., Eriksson P. Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters. Polar Research 2004, 23:181-208.
43. Sakamoto C.M., Johnson K.S., Coletti L.J. Improved algorithm for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Limnology & Oceanography: Methods 2009, 7:132-143.
44. Salmon D.K., McRoy C.P. Nutrient-based tracers in the Western Arctic: a new lower halocline water defined. The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: The Nansen Centennial Volume, Geophysical, Monograph Series 1994, 85:47-61. AGU, Washington, DC.
45. Seabird, 2009. Application Note No. 64: SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor-Background Information, Deployment Recommendations, and Cleaning and Storage, , last accessed 14 May 2010. http://www.seabird.com/application_notes/AN64.htm.
46. Serreze M.C., Barrett A.P., Slater A.G., Woodgate R.A., Aagaard K., Lammers R.B., Steele M., Moritz R., Meredith M., Lee C.M. The large-scale freshwater cycle of the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111. 10.1029/2005JC003424.
47. Shimada K., Itoh M., Nishino S., McLaughlin F., Carmack E., Proshutinsky A. Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32. 10.1029/2004GL021358.
48. Steele M., Morison J.H., Curtin T.B. Halocline water formation in the Barents Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:881-894.
49. Steele M., Boyd T. Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:10,419-10,435.
50. Steele M., Morison J., Ermold W., Rigor I., Ortmeyer M., Shimada K. Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109. 10.1029/2003JC002009.
51. Taylor J.R., Falkner K.K, Schauer U., Meredith M. Quantitative considerations of dissolved barium as a tracer in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JC001635.
52. Tremblay J.-É., Gratton Y., Carmack E.C., Payne C.D., Price N.M. Impact of the large-scale Arctic circulation and the North Water Polynya on nutrient inventories in Baffin Bay. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107. 10.1029/2000JC000595.
53. Weingartner T.J., Cavalieri D.J., Aagaard K., Sasaki Y. Circulation, dense water formation, and outflow on the northeast Chukchi shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:7647-7661.
54. Wilson C., Wallace D.W.R. Using the nutrient ratio NO/PO as a tracer of continental shelf waters in the central Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:22193-22208.
55. Woodgate R.A., Aagaard K., Swift J.H., Falkner K.K., Smethie W.M. Pacific ventilation of the Arctic Ocean's lower halocline by upwelling and diapycnal mixing over the continental margin. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32. 10.1029/2005GL023999.
56. Woodgate R.A., Aagaard K., Weingartner T.J. A year in the physical oceanography of the Chukchi Sea: moored measurements from autumn 1990-1991. Deep-Sea Research II 2005, 52:3116-3149.
57. 18O and alkalinity (1929-2002 A.D.). Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JC002793.
58. 18O, and nutrients. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113. 10.1029/2006JC003858.
59. Yamamoto-Kawai M., McLaughlin F.A., Carmack E.C., Nishino S., Shimada K., Kurita N. Surface freshening of the Canada Basin, 2003-2007: river runoff versus sea ice meltwater. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. 10.1029/2008JC005000.