Barium as a tracer of Arctic halocline and river waters

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 44, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1543-1559

  Guay, C K ^a   Falkner, K Kenison ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BARIUM; HALOCLINE; SOURCE/SINK; TRACER;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0031410347     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00066-0     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aagaard, K., and Greisman, P. (1975) Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 3821-3827.
2. Anderson, L. G., Björk, G., Holby, O., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Koltermann, K. P., Liljeblad, B., Lindgren, R., Rudels, B. and Swift, J. (1994) Water masses and circulation in the Eurasian Basin: Results from the Oden 91 Expedition. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 3273-3283.
3. Anderson, L. G., Olsson, K. and Skoog, A. (1994b) Distribution of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: The Nansen Centennial Volume, AGU Geophysics Monograph Series, eds O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench and J. E. Overland, pp. 255-262. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
4. Bacon, M. P. and Edmond, J. M. (1972) Barium at GEOSECS III in the Southwest Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 16, 66-74.
5. Barnes, S. L. (1973) Mesoscale objective map analysis using weighted time-series observations. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK.
6. 18O. Progress in Oceanography, 35, 53-80.
7. Bernstein, R. E., Byrne, R. H., Betzer, P. R. and Greco, A. M. (1992) Morphologies and transformations of celestite in seawater: The role of acantharia in strontium and barium geochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 3273-3279.
8. Bishop, J. K. B. (1988) The barite-opal-organic carbon association in oceanic particulate matter. Nature, 332, 341-343.
9. Broecker, W. S. (1974) "NO", A conservative water-mass tracer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 23, 100-107.
10. Carmack, E. C., Macdonald, R. W., Perkin, R. G., McLaughlin, F. A. and Pearson, R. J. (1995) Evidence for warming of Atlantic water in the southern Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Results from the Larsen-93 expedition. Geophysical Research Letters, 22(9), 1061-1064.
11. 226Ra and Ba in the Ganges-Bramaputra mixing zone. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2981-2990.
12. Chan, L. H., Drummond, D., Edmond, J. M. and Grant, B. (1977) On the barium data from the Atlantic GEOSECS Expedition. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 613-649.
13. Coachman, L. K. and Aagaard, K. (1974) Physical oceanography of the Arctic and Subarctic seas. In Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas, ed. Y. Herman, pp. 1-72. Springer, New York.
14. Coachman, L. K. and Shigaev, V. V. (1992) Northern Bering-Chukchi Sea ecosystem: The physical basis. In Results of the Third Joint US-USSR Bering and Chukchi Seas Expedition (BERPAC), Summer 1988, ed. P. A. Nagel, pp. 17-27. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
15. Codispoti, L. A., Friederich, G. E., Sakamoto, C. M. and Gordon, L. I. (1991) Nutrient cycling and primary production in the marine systems of the Arctic and Antarctic. Journal of Marine Systems, 2, 359-384.
16. Collier, R. and Edmond, J. (1984) The trace element geochemistry of marine biogenic particulate matter. Progress in Oceanography, 13, 113-199.
17. Colony, R. and Thorndike, A. S. (1985) Sea ice motion as a drunkard's walk. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(C1), 965-974.
18. Dehairs, F., Chesselet, R. and Jedwab, J. (1980) Discrete suspended particles of barite and the barium cycle in the open ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 49, 528-550.
19. Dehairs, F., Lambert, C. E., Chesselet, R. and Risler, N. (1987) The biological production of marine suspended barite and the barium cycle in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry, 4, 119-139.
20. Dymond, J., Suess, E. and Lyle, M. (1992) Barium in deep-sea sediment: A geochemical proxy for paleoproductivity. Paleoceanography, 7(2), 163-181.
21. Edmond, J. M., Boyle, E. D., Drummond, D., Grant, B. and Mislick, T. (1978) Desorption of barium in the plume of the Zaire (Congo) River. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 12, 324-328.
22. Edmond, J. M., Measures, C., McDuff, R. E., Chan, L. H., Collier, R., Grant, B., Gordon, L. L and Corliss, J. B. (1979) Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the balances of the major and minor elements in the ocean: The Galapagos data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 46, 1-18.
23. Falkner, K. K., Klinkhammer, G., Bowers, T. S., Todd, J. F., Lewis, B., Landing, W. and Edmond, J. M. (1993) The behavior of Ba in anoxic marine waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(3), 537-554.
24. Falkner, K. K., MacDonald, R. W., Carmack, E. C. and Weingartner, T. (1994) The potential of barium as a tracer of Arctic water masses. In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: The Nansen Centennial Volume, AGU Geophysics Monograph Series, eds O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench and J. E. Overland, pp. 63-76. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
25. Fresnel, J., Galle, P. and Gayral, P. (1979) Resultats de la microanalyse des cristaux vacuolaires chez deux Chromophytes unicellulaires marines: Exanthemachrysis gayraliae, Pavlova sp. (Prymnesiophycees, Pavlovacees). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris Serie D, 288, 823-825.
26. Goldberg, E. D. and Arrhenius, G. O. S. (1958) Chemistry of Pacific pelagic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 13, 153-212.
27. Gorshkov, S. G. (1983) World Ocean Atlas, Arctic Ocean. Pergamon, New York.
28. Guay, C. K. and Falkner, K. K. (1998) A survey of dissolved barium in Arctic rivers and marginal seas: implications for tracing river waters in the Arctic interior. Continenteal Shelf Research, in press.
29. Hanor, J. S. and Chan, L. H. (1977) Non-conservative behavior of barium during mixing of Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico waters. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 37, 242-250.
30. Hanzlick, D. and Aagaard, K. (1980) Freshwater and Atlantic water in the Kara Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85, 4937-4942.
31. Jones, E. P. and Anderson, L. G. (1986) On the origin of the chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean halocline. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 10759-10767.
32. Jones, E. P. and Anderson, L. G. (1990) On the origin of the properties of the Arctic Ocean halocline north of Ellesmere island: results from the Canadian Ice Island. Continental Shelf Research, 10, 485-498.
33. Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G. and Wallace, D. W. R. (1991) Tracers of near-surface, halocline and deep waters in the Arctic Ocean: Implications for circulation. Journal of Marine Systems, 2, 241-255.
34. Kinney, P., Arhelger, M. E. and Burrell, D. C. (1970) Chemical characteristics of water masses in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75, 4097-4104.
35. Klinkhammer, G. P. and Chan, L. H. (1990) Determination of barium in marine waters by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 232, 323-329.
36. Koch, S. E., DesJardins, M. and Kocin, P. J. (1983) An interactive Barnes objective map analysis scheme for use with satellite and conventional data. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 22(9), 1487-1503.
37. Lea, D. W. (1990) Foraminiferal and coralline barium as paleoceanographic tracers. Ph.D. thesis, MIT/WHOI, WHOI-90-06, Cambridge, MA.
38. 226Ra from riverborne sediments in the Hudson Estuary. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 43, 343-350.
39. Martin, J. M. and Meybeck, M. (1979) Elemental mass-balance of material carried by major world rivers. Marine Chemistry, 7, 173-206.
40. McLaughlin, F. A., Carmack, E. C., Macdonald, R. W. and Bishop, J. K. B. (1996) Physical and geochemical properties across the Atlantic/Pacific water mass front in the southern Canadian Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C1), 1183-1197.
41. Moore, R. M., Lowings, M. G. and Tan, F. C. (1983) Geochemical profiles in the Central Arctic Ocean: Their relation to freezing and shallow circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 2667-2674.
42. Morison, J., Steele, M. and Anderson, R. (1998) Hydrography of the upper Arctic Ocean measured from the nuclear submarine USS Pargo. Deep-Sea Research, in press.
43. Östlund, H. G. (1982) The residence time of the freshwater component in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87(C3), 2035-2043.
44. Östlund, H. G. and Hut, G. (1984) Arctic Ocean water mass balance from isotope data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(C4), 6373-6381.
45. Revelle, R. R. (1944) Marine Bottom Samples Collected in the Pacific Ocean By the Carnegie on its Seventh Cruise. Publications of the Carnegie Institute, Washington, DC.
46. Revelle, R. R., Bramlette, M., Arrhenius, G. and Goldberg, E. D. (1955) Pelagic sediments in the Pacific. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 62, 221-236.
47. Roach, A. T., Aagaard, K., Pease, C. H., Salo, S. A., Weingartner, T., Pavlov, V. and Kulakov, M. (1995) Direct measurements of transport and water properties throught the Bering Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C9), 18443-18457.
48. Rudels, B., Anderson, L. G. and Jones, E. P. (1996) Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C4), 8807-8821.
49. Salmon, D. K. and McRoy, C. P. (1994) Nutrient-based tracers in the Western Arctic: A new lower halocline water defined. In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: The Nansen Centennial Volume, AGU Geophysics Monograph Series, eds O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench, and J. E. Overland, pp. 47-62. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
50. Schlosser, P., Bauch, D., Fairbanks, R. and Bönisch, G. (1994) Arctic river runoff: mean residence time on the shelves and in the halocline. Deep-Sea Research I, 41, 1053-1068.
51. Schlosser, P., Bonisch, G., Kromer, B., Munnich, K. O. and Koltermann, K. P. (1990) Ventilation rates of the waters in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean derived by a multi-tracer approach. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 3265-3272.
52. Schlosser, P., Swift, J. H., Lewis, D. and Pfirman, S. L. (1995) The role of the large-scale Arctic Ocean circulation in the transport of contaminants. Deep-Sea Research II, 42(6), 1341-1367.
53. Swift, J. H., Jones, E. P., Aagard, K., Carmack, E. C., Kingston, M., Macdonald, R. W., Mclaughlin, F. A. and Perkin, R. G. (1997) Waters of the Makarov and Canada Basins. Deep-Sea Research II, 44, 1487-1502.
54. Thorndike, A. S. and Colony, R. (1982) Sea ice motion in response to geostrophic winds. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87(C8), 5845-5852.
55. Turekian, K. K. and Tausch, E. H. (1964) Barium in deep sediments of the Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 201, 696-697.
56. Von Damm, K. L. (1990) Seafloor hydrothermal activity: Black smoker chemistry and chimneys. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 18, 173-204.
57. Von Damm, K. L., Edmond. J. M., Grant, B., Measures, C. I., Walden, B. and Weiss, R. F. (1985) Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21"N, East Pacific Rise. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 2197-2220.
58. Wallace, D. W. R., Moore, R. M. and Jones, E. P. (1987) Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean cold halocline; Rates of diapycnal and isopycnal transport, oxygen utilization and primary production inferred using chlorofluor-omethane distributions. Deep-Sea Research, 34, 1957-1979.
59. 3He dating of water masses in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 39, S435-S458.
60. Weingartner, T. J., Cavalieri, D. J., Aagaard, K. and Sasaki, Y. (1998) Circulation, dense water formation, and outflow on the northeast Chukchi shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
61. Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F. (1991) Free software helps map and display data. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysics Union 72, 441, 445-446.
62. Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F. (1995) New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysics Union, 76, 329.
63. Wheeler, P. A., Watkins, J. M. and Hansing, R. L. (1997) Nutrients, organic carbon and nitrogen in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean: implications for the sources of dissolved organic carbon. Deep-Sea Research II, 44, 1571-1592.
64. Wilson, C. and Wallace, D. W. R. (1990) Using the nutrient ratio NO/PO as a tracer of continental shelf waters in the central Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(C12), 22193-22208.