Women's participation in employment in Asia: A comparative analysis of China, India, Japan and South Korea

International Journal of Human Resource Management

Volumn 21, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 2249-2270

  Cooke, Fang Lee ^a  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

China; Gender equality; India; Japan; Korea; Trade union; Women's employment

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957767719     PISSN: 09585192     EISSN: 14664399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2010.509627     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Brinton, M., Lee, Y., and Parish, W. (1995), 'Married Women's Employment in Rapidly Industrializing Societies: Examples from East Asia,' The American Journal of Sociology, 100, 1099-1130.
2. Broadbent, K. (2008), 'Japan: Women Workers and Autonomous Organizing,' in Woman Organizing: Women and Union Activism in Asia, eds. K. Broadbent and M. Ford, London: Routledge, pp. 156-171.
3. Budhwar, P., Saini, D., and Bhatnagar, J. (2005), 'Women in Management in the New Economic Environment: The Case of India,' Asia Pacific Business Review, 11, 179-193.
4. Budhwar, P., and Sparrow, P. (2002), 'An Integrative Framework for Determining Cross-National Human Resource Management Practices,' Human Resource Management Review, 12, 377-403.
5. Chun, J. (2006), 'The Contested Politics of Gender and Employment: Revitalising the South Korean Labour Movement,' Draft study for 'Global Working Class Project,' eds. D. Pillay, I. Lindberg, and A. Bieler, http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/shared/shared_gwc/documents/South_Korea.pdf (accessed 16 March 2007).
6. Clark, T., and Mallory, G. (1996), 'The Cultural Relativity of Human Resource Management: Is There a Universal Model?' in European Human Resource Management, ed. T. Clark, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 1-33.
7. Clarke, S. (2005), 'Post-socialist Trade Unions: China and Russia,' Industrial Relations Journal, 36, 1, 2-18.
8. Cooke, F.L. (2003), 'Equal Opportunity? Women's Managerial Careers in Governmental Organizations in China,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 2, 317-333.
9. Cooke, F.L. (2005), 'Women's Managerial Careers in China in a Period of Reform,' Asia Pacific Business Review, 11, 149-162.
10. Cooke, F.L. (2006), 'Informal Employment and Gender Implications in China: The Nature of Work and Employment Relations in the Community Services Sector,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 1471-1487.
11. Cooke, F.L. (2008), 'China: Labour Organizations Representing Women,' in Woman Organizing: Women and Union Activism in Asia, eds. K. Broadbent and M. Ford, London: Routledge, pp. 34-49.
12. Crompton, R., and Lyonette, C. (2006), 'Some Issues in Cross-national Comparative Research Methods: A Comparison of Attitudes to Promotion, and Women's Employment, in Britain and Portugal,' Work, Employment and Society, 20, 403-414.
13. Davidson, M., and Burke, R. (eds.) (2004), Women in Management Worldwide: Progress and Prospects, Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
14. Dex, S., Ward, K., and Joshi, H. (2008), 'Gender Differences in Occupational Wage Mobility in the 1958 Cohort,' Work, Employment and Societies, 22, 263-280.
15. Felstead, A., and Jewson, N. (1999), Global Trends in Flexible Labour, Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Business.
16. Gelb, J. (2000), 'The Equal Employment Opportunity Law: A Decade of Change for Japanese Women,' Law & Policy, 22, 365-407.
17. Ghosh, R., and Roy, K. (1997), 'The Changing Status of Women in India: Impact of Urbanization and Development,' International Journal of Social Economics, 24, 902-917.
18. Gupta, A., Koshal, M., and Koshal, R. (1998), 'Women Managers in India Challenges and Opportunities,' Equal Opportunities International, 17, 8, 14-26.
19. Gupta, M.D., and Li, S. (1999), 'Gender Bias in China, South Korea and India 1920-1990: Effect of War, Famine and Fertility Decline,' Development and Change, 30, 619-652.
20. Hill, E. (2008), 'India: The Self Employed Women's Association and Autonomous Organizing,' in Woman Organizing: Women and Union Activism in Asia, eds. K. Broadbent and M. Ford, London: Routledge, pp. 115-135.
21. Houseman, S., and Osawa, M. (1998), 'What is the Nature of Part-time Work in the United States?' in Part-time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-time Work in Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim, eds. J. O'Reilly and C. Fagan, London: Routledge, pp. 232-251.
22. International Labour Organization (1994), Report of the Committee of Experts, Geneva: Auithor.
23. Jung, J., and Choi, K. (2004), 'Gender Wage Differentials and Discrimination in Korea: Comparsion by Knowledge Intensity of Industries,' International Economics Journal, 18, 561-579.
24. Kang, Y., and Rowley, C. (2005), 'Women in Management in South Korea: Advancement or Retrenchment?' Asia Pacific Business Review, 11, 213-232.
25. Khanna, T. (2007), Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India are Reshaping their Futures and Yours, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
26. Kingdon, G. (2002), 'The Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in India: How Much can be Explained?' The Journal of Development Studies, 39, 2, 25-53.
27. Kucera, D. (1998), 'Foreign Trade and Men and Women's Employment and Earnings in Germany, and Japan,' Internet source: Centre for Economic Policy Analysis, Working Study 9, http://www.newschool.edu/cepa (accessed 16 March 2007).
28. Lantican, C., Gladwin, C., and Seale, J. (1996), 'Income and Gender Inequalities in Asia: Testing Alternative Theories of Development,' Economic Development and Cultural Change, 44, 2, 235-263.
29. Lee, O. (1993), 'Gender-differentiated Employment Practices in the South Korean Textile Industry,' Gender and Society, 7, 507-528.
30. Lee, W., and Lee, B. (2003), 'Korean Industrial Relations in the Era of Globalization,' Journal of Industrial Relations, 45, 505-520.
31. Magoshi, E., and Chang, E. (2009), 'Diversity Management and the Effects on Employees' Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea,' Journal of World Business, 44, 31-40.
32. Monk-Turner, E., and Turner, C. (1994), 'South Korean Labour Market Discrimination Against Women: Estimating its Cost,' American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 53, 433-442.
33. Monk-Turner, E., and Turner, C. (2001), 'Sex Differentials in Earnings in the South Korean Labour Market,' Feminist Economics, 7, 1, 63-78.
34. Moon, K., and Broadbent, K. (2008), 'Korea: Women, Labour Activism and Autonomous Organizing,' in Woman Organizing: Women and Union Activism in Asia, eds. K. Broadbent and M. Ford, London: Routledge, pp. 136-155.
35. Nakata, Y., and Takehiro, R. (2002), 'Employment and Wages of Female Japanese Workers: Past, Present, and Future,' Industrial Relations, 41, 521-547.
36. Nam, J. (2000), 'Gender Politics in the Korean Transition to Democracy,' Korean Studies, 24, 94-112.
37. Ogawa, N., and Ermisch, J. (1996), 'Family Structure, Home Time Demands, and the Employment Patterns of Japanese Married Women,' Journal of Labour Economics, 14, 677-702.
38. O'Leary, G. (1998), 'The Making of the Chinese Working Class,' in Adjusting to Capitalism: Chinese Workers and the State, ed. G. O'Leary, New York: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 48-74.
39. O'Reilly, J. (2006), 'Framing Comparisons: Gendering Perspectives on Cross-national Comparative Research on Work and Welfare,' Work, Employment and Society, 20, 731-750.
40. O'Reilly, J., and Fagan, C. (1998), Part-time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-time Work in Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim, London: Routledge.
41. Patel, R., and Parmentier, M. (2005), 'The Persistence of Traditional Gender Roles in the Information Technology Sector: A Study of Female Engineers in India,' Information Technologies and International Development, 2, 3, 29-46.
42. Pfau-Effinger, B. (1993), 'Modernization, Culture and Part-time Employment: The Example of Finland and West Germany,' Work, Employment and Society, 7, 3, 383-410.
43. Pfau-Effinger, B. (2005), 'Culture and Welfare State Policies: Reflections on a Complex Interrelation,' Journal of Social Policy, 34, 1, 3-20.
44. Roy, K., and Chai, J. (1999), 'Economic Reforms, Public Transfers and Social Safety Nets for the Poor: A Study of India and China,' International Journal of Social Economics, 26, 1-3, 222-238.
45. Rubery, J., and Fagan, C. (1995), 'Gender Segregation in Societal Context,' Work, Employment and Society, 9, 213-240.
46. Rubery, J., Smith, M., and Fagan, C. (1998), Women's Employment in Europe: Trends and Prospects, London: Routledge.
47. Saini, D. (1999), 'Law and Social Development in India,' a study presented at an international workshop on Law and Social Development organized by the Parliamentary Commission on Social Development of Mexico, Mexico City, 24-26 November.
48. Saini, D., and Budhwar, P. (2007), 'Human Resource Management in India,' in Strategic Human Resource Management, eds. R. Schuler and S. Jackson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 287-312.
49. Schuler, R., and Jackson, S. (1999), Strategic Human Resource Management, Oxford: Blackwell.
50. Seguino, S. (2000a), 'Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-country Analysis,' World Development, 28, 1211-1230.
51. Seguino, S. (2000b), 'Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth,' Feminist Economics, 6, 3, 27-58.
52. Seguino, S., and Brown, C. (2006), 'Gender Equity and Globalization: Macroeconomic Policy for Developing Countries,' Journal of International development, 18, 1081-1104.
53. Shimada, H., and Higuchi, Y. (1985), 'An Analysis of Trends in Female Labour Force Participation in Japan,' Journal of Labour Economics, 3, 1, 355-374.
54. Shu, X., and Bian, Y. (2003), 'Market Transition and Gender Gap in Earnings in Urban China,' Social Forces, 81, 1107-1145.
55. Steinhoff, P., and Tanaka, K. (1993), 'Women Managers in Japan,' International Studies of Management and Organizations, 23, 2, 25-48.
56. Stockman, N., Bonney, N., and Sheng, X. (1995), Women's Work in East and West: The Dual Burden of Employment and Family Life, London: UCL Press.
57. Van der Meulen Rodgers, Y., (1998), 'A Reversal of Fortune for Korean Women: Explaining the 1983 Upward Turn in Relative Earnings,' Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46, 727-748.
58. Venkata Ratnam, C., and Jain, H. (2002), 'Women in Trade Unions in India,' International Journal of Manpower, 23, 277-292.
59. Wakisaka, A., and Bae, H. (1998), 'Why is the Part-time Rate Higher in Japan than in South Korea,' in Part-time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-time Work in Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim, eds. J. O'Reilly and C. Fagan, London: Routledge, pp. 252-264.
60. Wang, J., 'Gender Earnings Inequality in Urban China,' Working paper, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
61. Wang, Q. (1999), 'State-Society Relations and Women's Political Participation,' in Women of China: Economic and Social Transformation, eds. J. West, M.H. Zhao, X.Q. Chang and Y. Cheng, London: Macmillan Press, pp. 19-44.
62. Warner, M. (ed.) (2009), Human Resource Management 'with Chinese Characteristics', London and New York: Routledge.
63. World Bank (2006), India Country Overview 2006, The World Bank, Washington, DC. http://worldbank.org (accessed 16 March 2007).
64. World Bank Group (2006), GenderStats Database of Gender Statistics, The World Bank Group, Washington, DC. http://genderstats.worldbank.org/home.asp (accessed 20 March 2007).
65. Yoon, B. (2003), 'Gender Politics in Korea: Putting Women on the Political Map,' study presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, 27 August. http://www.keia.org/2-Publications/2-4-Adhoc/AdHoc2003/10Yoon.pdf (accessed 15 March 2007).
66. Yuasa, M. (2005), 'Japanese Women in Management: Getting Closer to "realities" in Japan,' Asia Pacific Business Review, 11, 195-212.
67. Yukongdi, V., and Benson, J. (eds.) (2006), Women in Asian Management, London: Routledge.
68. Zhang, M., and Zhao, L. (1999), 'The Situation of Labour Protection for Female Workers in Guangdong Province,' China National Conditions and Strength, 12, 37.