Retinal vein occlusion: Current treatment

Ophthalmologica

Volumn 225, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 135-143

  Lattanzio, Rosangela ^a   Torres Gimeno, Ana ^b   Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio ^a   Bandello, Francesco ^a  

^a VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DR PESET   (Spain)

Author keywords

Antiangiogenic drug; Bevacizumab; Intravitreal injection; Laser treatment; Pegaptanib sodium; Ranibizumab; Retinal vein occlusion; Steroids; Vascular endothelial growth factor trap

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; DEXAMETHASONE; IBI 20089; OCULAR ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PEGAPTANIB; RANIBIZUMAB; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TRIAMCINOLONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION; CATARACT; CENTRAL RETINA VEIN OCCLUSION; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EYE SURGERY; HEMODILUTION; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; LASER SURGERY; NONHUMAN; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; RADIAL OPTIC NEUROTOMY; RETINA FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; RETINA NEOVASCULARIZATION; RETINA VEIN OCCLUSION; REVIEW; RHORIORETINAL ANASTOMOSIS; SIDE EFFECT; VASCULAR SURGERY; VISUAL FIELD DEFECT; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS; LASER COAGULATION; RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION;

EID: 77957728450     PISSN: 00303755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000314718     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Central Vein Occlusion Study Group: Baseline and early natural history report. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 1087-1095.
2. Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group: Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 1984; 98: 271-282.
3. Shahid H, Hossain P, Amoaku WM: The management of retinal vein occlusion: Is interventional ophthalmology the way forward? Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 627-639.
4. Rehak J, Rehak M: Branch retinal vein occlusion: Pathogenesis, visual prognosis and treatment modalities. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33: 111-131. (Pubitemid 351302200)
5. Yau JW, Lee P, Wong TY, Best J, Jenkins A: Retinal vein occlusion: An approach to diagnosis, systemic risk factors and management. Intern Med J 2008; 38: 904-910.
6. Ip MS, Oden NL, Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Blodi BA, Figueroa M, Antoszyk A, Elman M, SCORE Study Report 3: Study design and baseline characteristics. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1770-1777.
7. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group: Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1997; 115: 486-491.
8. Zegarra H, Gutman FA, Conforto J: The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1979; 86: 1931-1942.
9. Turello M, Pasca S, Daminato R, Dello Russo P, Giacomello R, Venturelli U, Barillari G: Retinal vein occlusion: Evaluation of 'classic' and 'emerging' risk factors and treatment. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2010; 29: 459-464.
10. Williamson TH: Central retinal vein occlusion: What's the story? Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81: 698-704. (Pubitemid 27429939)
11. David R, Zangwill L, Badarna M, Yassur Y: Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion and its association with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica 1988; 197: 69-74.
12. Lattanzio R, Sampietro F, Ramoni A, Fattorini A, Brancato R, D'Angelo A: Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and early-onset central retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2006; 26: 65-70. (Pubitemid 44391754)
13. McGimpsey SJ, Woodside JV, Cardwell C, Cahill M, Chakrawarthy U: Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and risk of retinal vein occlusion: A meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1778-1787.
14. Glacet-Bernard A, Kuhn D, Vine AK, Oubraham H, Coscas G, Soubrane G: Treatment of recent onset central vein occlusion with intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator: A pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 609-613. (Pubitemid 30339312)
15. Hattenbach L, Friedrich Arndt C, Lerche R, Scharrer I, Baatz H, Margaron F, Richard G, Behrens-Baumann W, Ohrloff C: Retinal vein occlusion and low-dose fibrinolytic therapy (ROLF). A prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study of low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator versus hemodilution in retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2009; 29: 932-940.
16. Hayreh SS: Venous occlusive disease: Management 25 years ago. Retina 2006; 26: 51-62.
17. Fekrat S, Goldberg MF, Finkelstein D: Laserinduced chorioretinal venous anastomosis for nonischemic central or branch retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 43-52. (Pubitemid 28098893)
18. Mirshahi A, Roohipoor R, Lashay A, Mohammadi SF, Mansouri MR: Surgical induction of chorioretinal venous anastomosis in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion: A non-randomised controlled clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 64-69. (Pubitemid 40040241)
19. Fong KC, Barry C, McAllister IL: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) as a treatment of the neovascular complications of laser-induced chorioretinal anastomosis for nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009; 37: 485-489.
20. Weiss JN, Bynoe LA: Injection of tissue plasminogen activator into a branch retinal vein in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2001; 108: 2249-2257. (Pubitemid 33096938)
21. Opremcak EM, Rehmar AJ, Ridenour CD, Kurz DE: Radial optic neurotomy for central retinal vein occlusion: 117 consecutive cases. Retina 2006; 26: 297-305. (Pubitemid 44318183)
22. Opremcak EM: Radial optic neurotomy. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1638-1639.
23. Opremcak EM: Radial optic neurotomy for CRVO. Retina Today 2009; 4: 67-69.
24. Binder S, Aggerman T, Brunner S: Longterm effects of radial optic neurotomy for central retinal vein occlusion consecutive interventional case series. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 245: 1447-1452. (Pubitemid 47423326)
25. Yamamoto T, Kamei M, Sakaguchi H, Oshima Y, Ikuno Y, Gomi F, Ohji M, Tano Y: Comparison of surgical treatments for central retinal vein occlusion: RON versus cannulation of tissue plasminogen activator into the retinal vein. Retina 2009; 29: 1167-1174.
26. Friberg TR, Smolinski P, Hill S, Kurup SK: Biomechanical assessment of radial optic neurotomy. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 174-180. (Pubitemid 350309409)
27. DeCroos FC, Shuler RK Jr, Stinnett S, Fekrat S: Pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and panretinal endophotocoagulation for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 627-633.
28. Arai M, Yamamoto S, Mitamura Y, Sato E, Suguwara T, Mizunoya S: Efficacy of vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane removal for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmologica 2009; 223: 172-176.
29. Raszewska-Steglinska M, Gozdek P, Cisiecki S, Michalewska Z, Micalewski J, Nawrocki J: Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 1055-1062.
30. Parodi MB, Bandello F: Branch retinal vein occlusion: Classification and treatment. Ophthalmologica 2009; 223: 298-301.
31. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group: A randomized clinical trial of early panretinal photocoagulation for ischemic central vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 1434-1444.
32. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group: Argon laser scatter photocoagulation for prevention of neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage in branch vein occlusion. A randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol 1986; 104: 34-41.
33. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group: Evaluation of grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema in central vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 1425-1433.
34. Pieramici DJ, Rabena MD: Anti-VEGF therapy: Comparison of current and future agents. Eye 2008; 22; 1330-1336.
35. Noma H, Funutsu H, Mimura T, Harino S, Sone T, Hori S: Increase of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humour of patients with macular edema and central retinal vein occlusion. Acta Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1111/j.1755- 3768.2009.01524.x.
36. Campochiaro PA, Hafiz G, Shah SM, Nguyen QD, Ying H, Do DV, Quinlan E, Zimmer- Galler I, Haller JA, Solomon SD, Sung JU, Hadi Y, Janjua KA, Jawed N, Choy DF, Arron JR: Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: Implication of VEGF as a critical stimulator. Mol Ther 2008; 16: 791-799. (Pubitemid 351426182)
37. Noma H, Minamoto A, Funatsu H, Tsukamoto H, Nakano K, Yamashita H, Mishima HK: Intravitreal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 are correlated with macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244: 309-315.
38. Funk M, Kriechbaum K, Prager F, Benesch T, Georgopoulos M, Zlabinger GJ, Schmidt- Erfurth U: Intraocular concentrations of growth factor and cytokines in retinal vein occlusion and the effect of therapy with bevacizumab. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 1025-1032.
39. Iturralde D, Spaide RF, Meyerle CB, Klancnik JM, Yannuzzi LA, Fisher YL, Sorenson J, Slakter JS, Freund KB, Cooney M, Fine HF: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion. A short-term study. Retina 2006; 26: 279-284. (Pubitemid 44318180)
40. Costa RA, Jorge R, Calucci D, Melo LA Jr, Cardillo JA, Scott IU: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for central and retinal vein occlusions. IBeVo study. Retina 2007; 27: 141-149.
41. Fish GE: Intravitreous bevacizumab in the treatment of macular edema from branch retinal vein occlusion and hemisphere retinal vein occlusion (an AOS thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2008; 106: 276-300.
42. Rabena MD, Pieramici DJ, Castellarin AA, Nasir MA, Avery RL: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2007; 27: 419-425. (Pubitemid 46624280)
43. Badalá F: The treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion with bevacizumab. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2008; 19: 234-238. (Pubitemid 351535920)
44. Wu L, Arevalo JF, Roca JA, Maia M, Berrocal MH, Rodriguez FJ, Evans T, Costa RA, Cardillo J: Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group at 6 months of follow-up. Retina 2008; 28: 212-219. (Pubitemid 351643150)
45. Chung EJ, Hong YT, Lee SC, Kwon OW, Koh HJ: Prognostic factors for visual outcome after intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246: 1241-1247.
46. Ahmadi AA, Chou JY, Banashkevich A, Ma PE, Maberley DA: The effects of intravitreals bevacizumab on patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Can J Ophthalmol 2009; 44: 154-159.
47. Prager F, Michels S, Kriechbaum K, Georgopoulos M, Funk M, Geitzenauer W, Polak K, Schmidt-Erfurth U: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: 12-month results of a prospective clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 452-456.
48. Kondo M, Kondo N, Ito Y, Achi S, Kikuchi M, Yasuma TR, Ota I, Miyake K, Terasaki H: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Results after 12 months and multiple regression analysis. Retina 2000; 29: 1242-1248.
49. Wu L, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Maia M, Roca JA, Morales-Cantón V, Alezzandrini AA, Díaz-Llopis MJ: Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab as primary treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusions: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group at 24 months. Retina 2009; 29: 1396-1403.
50. Ach T, Hoeh AE, Schaal KB, Scheuerle AF, Dithmar S: Predictive factors for changes in macular edema in intravitreal bevacizumab therapy of retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248: 155-159.
51. Douat J, Auriol S, Mahieu-Durringer L, Ancèle E, Pagot-Mathis V, Mathis A: Intravitreal bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular glaucoma. Report of 20 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol 2009; 32: 652-663.
52. Pieramici DJ, Rabena M, Castellarin AA, Nasir M, See R, Norton T, Sanchez A, Risard S, Avery RL: Ranibizumab for the treatment of macular edema associated with perfused central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2008; 115:e47-e54.
53. Spaide RF, Chang LK, Klancnik JM, Yannuzzi LA, Sorenson J, Slakter JS, Freund KB, Klein R: Prospective study of ranibizumab as a treatment of decreased visual acuity secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 298-306.
54. Rouvas A, Petrou P, Vergados I, Pechtasides D, Liarakos V, Mitsopoulou M, Ladas I: Intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for treatment of central retinal vein occlusion: A prospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247: 1609-1616.
55. Pieramici DJ: Intravitreal ranibizumab for treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Retina Today 2009; 4: 44-46.
56. Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, Gray S, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Murahashi WY, Rubio RG, BRAVO Investigators: Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1102-1112.
57. Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Singh RP, Li Z, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Rubio RG, Murahashi WY, CRUISE Investigators: Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1124-1133.
58. Brown DM: Clinical implications of the BRAVO and CRUISE trials. Retina Today 2010; 5: 38-40.
59. Bennet MD: Pegaptanib for the treatment of ischemic retinopathy in patients with diabetes and retinal vascular occlusive disorders. Retina Today 2009; 4: 63-66.
60. Wroblewski JJ, Wells JA 3rd, Gonzales CR: Pegaptanib sodium for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 149: 147-154.
61. Hasanreisoglu M, Weinberger D, Mimouni K, Luski M, Bourla D, Kramer M, Robinson A, Axer-Siegel R: Intravitreal bevacizumab as an adjunct treatment for neovascular glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 607-612.
62. Hoeh AE, Ach T, Schaal KB, Scheuerle AF, Dithmar S: Long-term follow-up of OCTguided bevacizumab treatment of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247: 1635-1641.
63. Kriechbaum K, Michels S, Prager F, Georgopoulos M, Funk M, Geitzenauer W, Schmidt-Erfurth U: Intravitreal Avastin for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: A prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92: 518-522. (Pubitemid 351497981)
64. Park SP, Ahn JK: Changes of aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009; 37: 490-495.
65. Wong TY: Age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease in the era of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapies. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148: 327-329.
66. Lee SS, Hughes PM, Robinson MR: Recent advances in drug delivery systems for treating ocular complications of systemic diseases. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20: 511-519.
67. Greenberg PB, Martidis A, Rogers AH, Duker JS, Reichel E: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: 247-248. (Pubitemid 34127557)
68. Ip MS, Kumar KS: Intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120: 1217-1219. (Pubitemid 35034350)
69. Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Degenring RF: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002; 240: 782-783. (Pubitemid 36097108)
70. Jonas JB, Akkoyun I, Kampetter B, Kreissig I, Degenring RF: Branch retinal vein occlusion treated by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Eye 2005; 19: 65-71. (Pubitemid 40192642)
71. Gewaily D, Greenberg PB: Intravitreal steroid versus observation for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007324.pub2.
72. Scott IU, Ip MS: Update on the SCORE Study. Retina Today 2009; 4: 48-49.
73. The SCORE Study Research Group: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with observation to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study report 5. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127: 1101-1114.
74. The SCORE Study Research Group: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: The standard care vs corticosteroid for retinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127: 1115-1128.
75. Tao Y, Hou J, Jiang YR, Li XX, Jonas JB: Intravitreal bevacizumab vs triamcinolone acetonide for macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion. Eye 2010; 24: 810-815.
76. Hou J, Tau Y, Jiang Y, Li XX, Gao L: Intravitreal bevacizumab vs triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion. Chin Med J 2009; 122: 2695-3699.
77. Riese J, Loukopoulos V, Meier C, Timmermann M, Gerding H: Combined intravitreal triamcinolone injection and laser photocoagulation in eyes with persistent macular edema after branch retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246: 1671-1676.
78. Cakir M, Dogan M, Bayraktar Z, Bayraktar S, Acar N, Altan T, Kapran Z, Yilmaz OF: Efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in eyes with and without grid laser photocoagulation. Retina 2008; 28: 465-472. (Pubitemid 351354949)
79. Parodi MB, Iacono P, Ravalico G: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide combined with subthreshold grid laser treatment for macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion: A pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92: 1046-1050.
80. Ekdawi NS, Bakri SJ: Intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab combination therapy for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion refractory to either treatment alone. Eye 2007; 21: 1128-1130. (Pubitemid 47263774)
81. Ehrlich R, Ciulla TA, Moss AM, Harris A: Combined treatment of intravitreal bevacizumab and intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with retinal vein occlusion: 6 months of follow-up. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248: 375-380.
82. Opremcak AM, Rehmar AJ, Ridenour CD, Kurz DE, Borkowski LM: Radial optic neurotomy with adjunctive intraocular triamcinolone for central retinal vein occlusion: 63 cases. Retina 2006; 26: 306-313. (Pubitemid 44318184)
83. Uemura A, Yamamoto S, Sato E, Sugawara T, Mitamura Y, Mizunoya S: Vitrectomy alone versus vitrectomy with simultaneous intravitreal injection of triamcinolone for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 6-12.
84. Ma J, Yao K, Zhang Z, Tang X: 25-Gauge vitrectomy and triamcinolone acetonide-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for chronic cystoid macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2008; 28: 947-956.
85. Haller JA, Dugel P, Weinberg DV, Chou C, Whitcup SM: Evaluation of safety and performance of an applicator for a novel intravitreal dexamethasone drug delivery system for the treatment of macular edema. Retina 2009; 29: 46-51.
86. Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R, Blumenkranz M, Gillies M, Heier J, Lowenstein A, Yoon YH, Jacques ML, Jiao J, Li XY, Whitcup SM, OZURDEX GENEVA Study Group: Randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1134-1146.
87. Fung AE: A novel sustained-release intravitreal drug delivery system for retinal vascular disease. Retina Today 2010; 5: 51-53.
88. Mohammad DA, Sweet BV, Elner SG: Retisert: Is the new advance in treatment of uveitis a good one? Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41: 449-454.
89. Mahajan VB, Gehrs KM, Goldstein DA, Fischer DH, Lopez JS, Folk JC: Management of sympathetic ophthalmia with the fluocinolone acetonide implant. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 552-557.
90. Callanan DG, Jaffe GJ, Martin DF, Pearson PA, Comstock TL: Treatment of posterior uveitis with a fluocinolone acetonide implant: Three-year clinical trial results. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126: 1181-1201.
91. Ramchandran RS, Fekrat S, Stinnett SS, Jaffe GJ: Fluocinolone acetonide sustained drug delivery device for chronic central retinal vein occlusion: 12-month results. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 285-291.