메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 670-676

Fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures above total knee arthroplasty with the less invasive stabilization system: A midterm follow-up study

Author keywords

LISS; Periprosthetic femur fracture; Total knee arthroplasty

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID;

EID: 77957574192     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181c9ba3b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0027509347 scopus 로고
    • Operative treatment of distal femoral fractures proximal to total knee replacements
    • Healy WL, Siliski JM, Incavo SJ. Operative treatment of distal femoral fractures proximal to total knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:27-34.
    • (1993) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. , vol.75 , pp. 27-34
    • Healy, W.L.1    Siliski, J.M.2    Incavo, S.J.3
  • 3
    • 33646843548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locked plates combined with minimally invasive insertion technique for the treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures above a total knee arthroplasty
    • Ricci WM, Loftus T, Cox C, Borrelli J. Locked plates combined with minimally invasive insertion technique for the treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures above a total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20:190-196.
    • (2006) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.20 , pp. 190-196
    • Ricci, W.M.1    Loftus, T.2    Cox, C.3    Borrelli, J.4
  • 5
    • 0024076619 scopus 로고
    • Plate osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures with reference to biological aspects
    • Thielemann FW, Blersch F, Holz U. [Plate osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures with reference to biological aspects]. Unfallchirurg. 1988;91:389-394.
    • (1988) Unfallchirurg , vol.91 , pp. 389-394
    • Thielemann, F.W.1    Blersch, F.2    Holz, U.3
  • 6
    • 0023225425 scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar fracture of the femur after total knee arthroplasty
    • Aaron RK, Scott R. Supracondylar fracture of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;219:136-139.
    • (1987) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.219 , pp. 136-139
    • Aaron, R.K.1    Scott, R.2
  • 7
    • 0030630985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar fracture of the distal femur proximal to a total knee replacement
    • Ayers DC. Supracondylar fracture of the distal femur proximal to a total knee replacement. Instruct Course Lect. 1997;46:197-203.
    • (1997) Instruct Course Lect. , vol.46 , pp. 197-203
    • Ayers, D.C.1
  • 8
    • 0032928568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology: Hip and knee
    • Berry DJ. Epidemiology: hip and knee. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:183-190.
    • (1999) Orthop. Clin. North Am. , vol.30 , pp. 183-190
    • Berry, D.J.1
  • 9
    • 0023907408 scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar fractures of the femur adjacent to resurfacing and MacIntosh arthroplasties of the knee in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Bogoch E, Hastings D, Gross A, Gschwend N. Supracondylar fractures of the femur adjacent to resurfacing and MacIntosh arthroplasties of the knee in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;229:213-220.
    • (1988) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.229 , pp. 213-220
    • Bogoch, E.1    Hastings, D.2    Gross, A.3    Gschwend, N.4
  • 12
    • 33748808415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periprothetische frakturen nach knietotalendoprothetik
    • DOI 10.1007/s00132-006-0990-2
    • Diehl P, Burgkart R, Klier T, Glowalla C, Gollwitzer H. Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty. Orthopäde. 2006;35:961-974. (Pubitemid 44408880)
    • (2006) Orthopade , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 961-974
    • Diehl, P.1    Burgkart, R.2    Klier, T.3    Glowalla, C.4    Gollwitzer, H.5
  • 13
    • 0026324455 scopus 로고
    • Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. A literature review and treatment algorithm
    • Di Gioia AM III, Rubash HE. Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. A literature review and treatment algorithm. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;271:135-142.
    • (1991) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.271 , pp. 135-142
    • Di Gioia III, A.M.1    Rubash, H.E.2
  • 14
    • 0025109099 scopus 로고
    • The results of treatment of supracondylar fracture above total knee arthroplasty
    • Figgie MP, Goldberg VM, Figgie HE III, Sobel M. The results of treatment of supracondylar fracture above total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1990;5:267-276.
    • (1990) J. Arthroplasty , vol.5 , pp. 267-276
    • Figgie, M.P.1    Goldberg, V.M.2    Figgie III, H.E.3    Sobel, M.4
  • 15
    • 0019377707 scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar fracture of the femur following total knee replacement. Report of four cases
    • Hirsh DM, Bhalla S, Roffman M. Supracondylar fracture of the femur following total knee replacement. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:162-163.
    • (1981) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. , vol.63 , pp. 162-163
    • Hirsh, D.M.1    Bhalla, S.2    Roffman, M.3
  • 16
    • 0022648134 scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar fracture of the femur after total knee arthroplasty
    • Merkel KD, Johnson EW Jr. Supracondylar fracture of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68:29-43.
    • (1986) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. , vol.68 , pp. 29-43
    • Merkel, K.D.1    Johnson Jr., E.W.2
  • 18
    • 0023730316 scopus 로고
    • Anterior femoral notching and ipsilateral supracondylar femur fracture in total knee arthroplasty
    • Ritter MA, Faris PM, Keating EM. Anterior femoral notching and ipsilateral supracondylar femur fracture in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1988;3:185-187.
    • (1988) J. Arthroplasty , vol.3 , pp. 185-187
    • Ritter, M.A.1    Faris, P.M.2    Keating, E.M.3
  • 19
    • 0021867567 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of supracondylar fractures following prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee
    • Sisto DJ, Lachiewcz PF, Insall JN. Treatment of supracondylar fractures following prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;196:265-272.
    • (1985) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.196 , pp. 265-272
    • Sisto, D.J.1    Lachiewcz, P.F.2    Insall, J.N.3
  • 20
    • 0027328141 scopus 로고
    • Internal fixation of supracondylar fractures after condylar total knee arthroplasty
    • Zehntner MK, Ganz R. Internal fixation of supracondylar fractures after condylar total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;293:219-224.
    • (1993) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.293 , pp. 219-224
    • Zehntner, M.K.1    Ganz, R.2
  • 21
    • 0032938673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periprosthetic fractures of the femur complicating total knee arthroplasty
    • Rorabeck CH, Taylor JW. Periprosthetic fractures of the femur complicating total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:265-277.
    • (1999) Orthop. Clin. North Am. , vol.30 , pp. 265-277
    • Rorabeck, C.H.1    Taylor, J.W.2
  • 23
    • 16244366504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midterm results of treatment with a retrograde nail for supracondylar periprosthetic fractures of the femur following total knee arthroplasty
    • Gliatis J, Megas P, Panagiotopoulos E, Lambiris E. Midterm results of treatment with a retrograde nail for supracondylar periprosthetic fractures of the femur following total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:164-170.
    • (2005) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.19 , pp. 164-170
    • Gliatis, J.1    Megas, P.2    Panagiotopoulos, E.3    Lambiris, E.4
  • 24
    • 0029786872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar femoral fracture above a PFC posterior cruciate- substituting total knee arthroplasty treated with supracondylar nailing. A unique technical problem
    • Maniar RN, Umlas ME, Rodriguez JA, Ranawat CS. Supracondylar femoral fracture above a PFC posterior cruciate-substituting total knee arthroplasty treated with supracondylar nailing. A unique technical problem. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11:637-639.
    • (1996) J. Arthroplasty , vol.11 , pp. 637-639
    • Maniar, R.N.1    Umlas, M.E.2    Rodriguez, J.A.3    Ranawat, C.S.4
  • 25
    • 0028271330 scopus 로고
    • Open reduction internal fixation of supracondylar fractures above total knee arthroplasties using the intramedullary supracondylar rod
    • McLaren AC, Dupont JA, Schroeber DC. Open reduction internal fixation of supracondylar fractures above total knee arthroplasties using the intramedullary supracondylar rod. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;302:194-198.
    • (1994) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.302 , pp. 194-198
    • McLaren, A.C.1    Dupont, J.A.2    Schroeber, D.C.3
  • 26
    • 2442520179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periprosthetic femoral fractures above total knee replacements
    • Su ET, Dewal H, Di Cesare PE. Periprosthetic femoral fractures above total knee replacements. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12:12-20.
    • (2004) J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. , vol.12 , pp. 12-20
    • Su, E.T.1    Dewal, H.2    Di Cesare, P.E.3
  • 28
    • 0034777725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures
    • Marti A, Fankhauser C, Frenk A, Cordey J, Gasser B. Biomechanical evaluation of the Less Invasive Stabilization System for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15:482-487.
    • (2001) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.15 , pp. 482-487
    • Marti, A.1    Fankhauser, C.2    Frenk, A.3    Cordey, J.4    Gasser, B.5
  • 30
    • 0035756728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixation of distal femoral fractures above total knee arthroplasty utilizing the less invasive stabilization system (L. I. S. S.)
    • Kregor PJ, Hughes JL, Cole PA. Fixation of distal femoral fractures above total knee arthroplasty utilizing the Less Invasive Stabilization System (L. I. S. S.). Injury. 2001;32(Suppl 3): SC64-SC75.
    • (2001) Injury , vol.32 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Kregor, P.J.1    Hughes, J.L.2    Cole, P.A.3
  • 31
    • 0032886096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty with the LIS system: A new method
    • Hockertz TJ, Gruner A, Reilmann H. Treatment of femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty with the LIS system: a new method. Unfallchirurg. 1999;102:811-814.
    • (1999) Unfallchirurg , vol.102 , pp. 811-814
    • Hockertz, T.J.1    Gruner, A.2    Reilmann, H.3
  • 33
    • 0034969536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar femoral fractures in knee endoprostheses. Stabilizing with retrograde interlocking nail
    • Wick M, Müller EJ, Muhr G. Supracondylar femoral fractures in knee endoprostheses. Stabilizing with retrograde interlocking nail. Unfallchirurg. 2001;104:410-413.
    • (2001) Unfallchirurg , vol.104 , pp. 410-413
    • Wick, M.1    Müller, E.J.2    Muhr, G.3
  • 34
    • 0031252449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distal femoral fixation: A biomechanical comparison of the standard condylar buttres plate, a locked buttres plate and the 95-degree blade plate
    • Koval KJ, Hoehl JJ, Kummer FJ, Simon JA. Distal femoral fixation: a biomechanical comparison of the standard condylar buttres plate, a locked buttres plate and the 95-degree blade plate. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;11:521-524.
    • (1997) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.11 , pp. 521-524
    • Koval, K.J.1    Hoehl, J.J.2    Kummer, F.J.3    Simon, J.A.4
  • 35
    • 33748430483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low complication rate of LISS for femur fractures adjacent to stable hip or knee arthroplasty
    • O'Toole RV, Gobezie R, Hwang R, et al. Low complication rate of LISS for femur fractures adjacent to stable hip or knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;450:203-210.
    • (2006) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.450 , pp. 203-210
    • O'Toole, R.V.1    Gobezie, R.2    Hwang, R.3
  • 36
    • 1942455875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures: LISS or retrograde intramedullary nailing?
    • Wick M, Müller EJ, Kutscha-Lissberg F, Hopf F, Muhr G. [Periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures: LISS or retrograde intramedullary nailing?] Unfallchirurg. 2004;107:181-188.
    • (2004) Unfallchirurg , vol.107 , pp. 181-188
    • Wick, M.1    Müller, E.J.2    Kutscha-Lissberg, F.3    Hopf, F.4    Muhr, G.5
  • 38
    • 0012513163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthopaedic trauma association committee for coding and classification
    • Fracture and dislocation compendium
    • Fracture and dislocation compendium. Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10(Suppl 1):1-154.
    • (1996) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.10 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 1-154
  • 39
    • 0024950156 scopus 로고
    • The Knee society total knee arthroplasty roentgenographic evaluation and scoring system
    • Ewald FC. The Knee Society total knee arthroplasty roentgenographic evaluation and scoring system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;248:9-12.
    • (1989) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , vol.248 , pp. 9-12
    • Ewald, F.C.1
  • 40
    • 44449164571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health-care associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting
    • Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health-care associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36:309-332.
    • (2008) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.36 , pp. 309-332
    • Horan, T.C.1    Andrus, M.2    Dudeck, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 77957559208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of osteosynthesis by screwed plates
    • Poitout DG, ed, New York, NY: Springer
    • Gautier E, Jakob RP. Biomechanics of osteosynthesis by screwed plates. In: Poitout DG, ed. Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics. New York, NY: Springer; 2004:330-350.
    • (2004) Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics , pp. 330-350
    • Gautier, E.1    Jakob, R.P.2
  • 42
    • 0036854433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures
    • Perren SM. Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:1093-1110.
    • (2002) J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. , vol.84 , pp. 1093-1110
    • Perren, S.M.1
  • 43
    • 0013203838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New aspects and developments of plate osteosynthesis. Point contact fixateur-PC fix-indication-technology-experiences
    • Grützner P, Winkler H, Wentzensen A. New aspects and developments of plate osteosynthesis. Point Contact Fixateur-PC Fix-Indication-technology- experiences. OPJ. 1997;3:332-338.
    • (1997) OPJ , vol.3 , pp. 332-338
    • Grützner, P.1    Winkler, H.2    Wentzensen, A.3
  • 44
    • 0031468135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) using the DCS in proximal and distal femoral fractures
    • Krettek C, Schandelmaier P, Miclau T, Tscherne H. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) using the DCS in proximal and distal femoral fractures. Injury. 1997;28(Suppl 1): S-A20-S-A30.
    • (1997) Injury , vol.28 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Krettek, C.1    Schandelmaier, P.2    Miclau, T.3    Tscherne, H.4
  • 45
    • 0035753023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the femur
    • Krettek C, Müller M, Miclau T. Evolution of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the femur. Injury. 2001;32(Suppl 3):S-C14-S-C23.
    • (2001) Injury , vol.32 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Krettek, C.1    Müller, M.2    Miclau, T.3
  • 46
    • 0003067565 scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects of "bio-logical" plating
    • Ganz R, Mast J, Weber B, Perren SM. Clinical aspects of "bio-logical" plating. Injury. 1991;22:4-5.
    • (1991) Injury , vol.22 , pp. 4-5
    • Ganz, R.1    Mast, J.2    Weber, B.3    Perren, S.M.4
  • 48
    • 4644224564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system, angled blade plate, and retrograde intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures
    • Zlowodzki M, Williamson S, Cole PA, Zardiackas LD, Kregor PJ. Biomechanical evaluation of the Less Invasive Stabilization System, angled blade plate, and retrograde intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:494-502.
    • (2004) J. Orthop. Trauma. , vol.18 , pp. 494-502
    • Zlowodzki, M.1    Williamson, S.2    Cole, P.A.3    Zardiackas, L.D.4    Kregor, P.J.5
  • 49
    • 0142138198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the clinical application of the LCP
    • Gautier E, Sommer C. Guidelines for the clinical application of the LCP. Injury. 2003;34(Suppl 2): S-B63-S-B76.
    • (2003) Injury , vol.34 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Gautier, E.1    Sommer, C.2
  • 50
    • 33845301140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AO manual of fracture management. Internal fixators
    • New York, NY: Thieme
    • Wagner M, Frigg R. AO Manual of Fracture Management. Internal Fixators. Concepts and Cases using LCP and LISS. New York, NY: Thieme; 2006.
    • (2006) Concepts and Cases Using LCP and LISS
    • Wagner, M.1    Frigg, R.2
  • 51
    • 34447344840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of periprosthetic femur fractures with first generation locking plate
    • Fulkerson E, Tejwani N, Stuchin S, Egol K. Management of periprosthetic femur fractures with first generation locking plate. Injury. 2007;38:965-972.
    • (2007) Injury , vol.38 , pp. 965-972
    • Fulkerson, E.1    Tejwani, N.2    Stuchin, S.3    Egol, K.4
  • 52
    • 0032905651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a fork plate for internal fixation of periprosthetic fractures and osteotomies in connection with total knee replacement
    • Ochsner PE, Pfister A. Use of a fork plate for internal fixation of periprosthetic fractures and osteotomies in connection with total knee replacement. Orthopedics. 1999;22:517-521.
    • (1999) Orthopedics , vol.22 , pp. 517-521
    • Ochsner, P.E.1    Pfister, A.2
  • 53
    • 16344375909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distal multiple fragment fracture of the femur. The ideal indication for an angularly stable implant
    • Faschingbauer M, Wolter D, Stütz A, Reimers N. Distal multiple fragment fracture of the femur. The ideal indication for an angularly stable implant. Trauma Berufskrankh. 1999;1:337-343.
    • (1999) Trauma. Berufskrankh , vol.1 , pp. 337-343
    • Faschingbauer, M.1    Wolter, D.2    Stütz, A.3    Reimers, N.4
  • 54
    • 16544395340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has locked plating completely replaced conventional plating
    • Gardner MJ, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. Has locked plating completely replaced conventional plating. Am J Orthop. 2004;33:439-446.
    • (2004) Am. J. Orthop. , vol.33 , pp. 439-446
    • Gardner, M.J.1    Helfet, D.L.2    Lorich, D.G.3
  • 55
    • 0035749814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimally invasive stabilization of distal femoral fractures with the LISS: A prospective multicenter study. Results of a clinical study with special emphasis on difficult cases
    • Schütz M, Müller M, Krettek C, et al. Minimally invasive stabilization of distal femoral fractures with the LISS: a prospective multicenter study. Results of a clinical study with special emphasis on difficult cases. Injury. 2001;32(Suppl 3): S-C48-S-C54.
    • (2001) Injury , vol.32 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Schütz, M.1    Müller, M.2    Krettek, C.3
  • 56
    • 0029383831 scopus 로고
    • Management of supracondylar fractures proximal to total knee arthroplasty with the GSH supracondylar nail
    • Henry SL. Management of supracondylar fractures proximal to total knee arthroplasty with the GSH supracondylar nail. Contemp Orthop. 1995;31:231-238.
    • (1995) Contemp Orthop. , vol.31 , pp. 231-238
    • Henry, S.L.1
  • 58
    • 67650576430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixation of distal femoral fractures with the less invasive stabilization system: A minimally invasive treatment with locked fixed-angled screws
    • Kolb W, Guhlmann H, Windisch C, Marx F, Kolb K, Koller H. Fixation of distal femoral fractures with the Less Invasive Stabilization System: a minimally invasive treatment with locked fixed-angled screws. J Trauma. 2008;65:1425-1434.
    • (2008) J. Trauma. , vol.65 , pp. 1425-1434
    • Kolb, W.1    Guhlmann, H.2    Windisch, C.3    Marx, F.4    Kolb, K.5    Koller, H.6
  • 59
    • 21644446937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrograde medullary nailing in periprosthetic distal femoral fracture after condylar knee replacement
    • Mittlmeier T, Beck M. Retrograde medullary nailing in periprosthetic distal femoral fracture after condylar knee replacement. Unfallchirurg. 2005;108:497-502.
    • (2005) Unfallchirurg , vol.108 , pp. 497-502
    • Mittlmeier, T.1    Beck, M.2
  • 61
    • 68349108096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supracondylar periprosthetic femoral fractures following total knee arthroplasty: Treatment with a retrograde intramedullary nail
    • Chettiar K, Jackson MP, Brewin J, Dass D, Butler-Manuel PA. Supracondylar periprosthetic femoral fractures following total knee arthroplasty: treatment with a retrograde intramedullary nail. Int Orthop. 2009;33:981-985.
    • (2009) Int. Orthop. , vol.33 , pp. 981-985
    • Chettiar, K.1    Jackson, M.P.2    Brewin, J.3    Dass, D.4    Butler-Manuel, P.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.