Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI): A review of available techniques

Radiation Oncology

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2010, Pages

  Njeh, Christopher F ^a   Saunders, Mark W ^a   Langton, Christian M ^b  

^a Radiation Oncology Department   (United States)

^b QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATED PARTIAL BREAST IRRADIATION; BALLOON CATHETER; BRACHYTHERAPY; BREAST CANCER; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; COST; ELECTRONICS; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; HYBRID; INTRAOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; RADIATION DOSE; REVIEW; BREAST TUMOR; FEMALE; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY; RADIOTHERAPY;

BRACHYTHERAPY; BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; RADIOTHERAPY;

EID: 77957257170     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1748717X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1748-717X-5-90     Document Type: Review

References (166)

1. Feuer EJ, Wun LM, Boring CC, Flanders WD, Timmel MJ, Tong T. The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993, 85:892-897. 10.1093/jnci/85.11.892, 8492317.
2. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2006. , http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/
3. Hayat MJ, Howlader N, Reichman ME, Edwards BK. Cancer statistics, trends, and multiple primary cancer analyses from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Oncologist 2007, 12:20-37. 10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-20, 17227898.
4. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group United States Cancer Statistics: 1999-2006 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. 2010, Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute, U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group., http://www.cdc.gov/uscs
5. anon Cancer Statistics registrations: Registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2006, England. Book Cancer Statistics registrations: Registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2006, England. (Editor ed.^eds.) 2009, City: National Statistics, anon.
6. Suzuki T, Toi M, Saji S, Horiguchi K, Aruga T, Suzuki E, Horiguchi S, Funata N, Karasawa K, Kamata N. Early breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2006, 11:108-119. 10.1007/s10147-006-0564-7, 16622745.
7. Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J, Margolese RG, Deutsch M, Fisher ER, Jeong JH, Wolmark N. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:1233-1241. 10.1056/NEJMoa022152, 12393820.
8. Poggi MM, Danforth DN, Sciuto LC, Smith SL, Steinberg SM, Liewehr DJ, Menard C, Lippman ME, Lichter AS, Altemus RM. Eighteen-year results in the treatment of early breast carcinoma with mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy: the National Cancer Institute Randomized Trial. Cancer 2003, 98:697-702. 10.1002/cncr.11580, 12910512.
9. Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L, Greco M, Saccozzi R, Luini A, Aguilar M, Marubini E. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:1227-1232. 10.1056/NEJMoa020989, 12393819.
10. Veronesi U, Marubini E, Mariani L, Galimberti V, Luini A, Veronesi P, Salvadori B, Zucali R. Radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in small breast carcinoma: long-term results of a randomized trial. Ann Oncol 2001, 12:997-1003. 10.1023/A:1011136326943, 11521809.
11. Clarke M, Collins R, Darby S, Davies C, Elphinstone P, Evans E, Godwin J, Gray R, Hicks C, James S, et al. Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005, 366:2087-2106.
12. Vinh-Hung V, Verschraegen C. Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiotherapy: pooled-analysis for risks of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004, 96:115-121. 10.1093/jnci/djh013, 14734701.
13. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Costantino J, Poller W, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Deutsch M, Margolese R, et al. Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:441-452.
14. Bijker N, Meijnen P, Peterse JL, Bogaerts J, Van Hoorebeeck I, Julien JP, Gennaro M, Rouanet P, Avril A, Fentiman IS, et al. Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma-in-situ: ten-year results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853--a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:3381-3387. 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.1366, 16801628.
15. Consensus statement: treatment of early-stage breast cancer. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1992, 1-5.
16. Morrow M, White J, Moughan J, Owen J, Pajack T, Sylvester J, Wilson JF, Winchester D. Factors predicting the use of breast-conserving therapy in stage I and II breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:2254-2262.
17. Hiotis K, Ye W, Sposto R, Skinner KA. Predictors of breast conservation therapy: size is not all that matters. Cancer 2005, 103:892-899. 10.1002/cncr.20853, 15641031.
18. Nattinger AB, Gottlieb MS, Veum J, Yahnke D, Goodwin JS. Geographic variation in the use of breast-conserving treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1992, 326:1102-1107. 10.1056/NEJM199204233261702, 1552911.
19. Legorreta AP, Liu X, Parker RG. Examining the use of breast-conserving treatment for women with breast cancer in a managed care environment. Am J Clin Oncol 2000, 23:438-441.
20. Farrow DC, Hunt WC, Samet JM. Geographic variation in the treatment of localized breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1992, 326:1097-1101. 10.1056/NEJM199204233261701, 1552910.
21. Lazovich DA, White E, Thomas DB, Moe RE. Underutilization of breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy among women with stage I or II breast cancer. JAMA 1991, 266:3433-3438. 10.1001/jama.266.24.3433, 1688350.
22. Ballard-Barbash R, Potosky AL, Harlan LC, Nayfield SG, Kessler LG. Factors associated with surgical and radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer in older women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996, 88:716-726. 10.1093/jnci/88.11.716, 8637025.
23. Mitsumori M, Hiraoka M. Current status of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Breast Cancer 2008, 15:101-107. 10.1007/s12282-007-0012-1, 18224403.
24. Arthur DW, Vicini FA. Accelerated partial breast irradiation as a part of breast conservation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:1726-1735. 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.045, 15755981.
25. Kuerer HM, Julian TB, Strom EA, Lyerly HK, Giuliano AE, Mamounas EP, Vicini FA. Accelerated partial breast irradiation after conservative surgery for breast cancer. Ann Surg 2004, 239:338-351. 10.1097/01.sla.0000114219.71899.13, 1356231, 15075650.
26. Swanson TA, Vicini FA. Overview of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Curr Oncol Rep 2008, 10:54-60. 10.1007/s11912-008-0009-8, 18366961.
27. Mannino M, Yarnold J. Accelerated partial breast irradiation trials: diversity in rationale and design. Radiother Oncol 2009, 91:16-22. 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.12.011, 19178972.
28. Palacios Eito A, Espinosa Calvo M, Manas Rueda A, de Las Heras M. Radiation oncology: future needs and equipment. Current situation in Spain. Clin Transl Oncol 2008, 10:478-485. 10.1007/s12094-008-0236-3, 18667378.
29. Tatsuzaki H, Levin CV. Quantitative status of resources for radiation therapy in Asia and Pacific region. Radiother Oncol 2001, 60:81-89. 10.1016/S0167-8140(01)00330-9, 11410308.
30. Zubizarreta EH, Poitevin A, Levin CV. Overview of radiotherapy resources in Latin America: a survey by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Radiother Oncol 2004, 73:97-100. 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.07.022, 15465152.
31. Levin CV, El Gueddari B, Meghzifene A. Radiation therapy in Africa: distribution and equipment. Radiother Oncol 1999, 52:79-84. 10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00069-9, 10577690.
32. Barton MB, Frommer M, Shafiq J. Role of radiotherapy in cancer control in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Oncol 2006, 7:584-595. 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70759-8, 16814210.
33. Goyal S, Kearney T, Haffty BG. Current application and research directions for partial-breast irradiation. Oncology (Williston Park) 2007, 21:449-461; discussion 461-442, 464, 470.
34. Sanders ME, Scroggins T, Ampil FL, Li BD. Accelerated partial breast irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:996-1002. 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.7436, 17350949.
35. Fisher B, Anderson S. Conservative surgery for the management of invasive and noninvasive carcinoma of the breast: NSABP trials. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. World J Surg 1994, 18:63-69. 10.1007/BF00348193, 8197778.
36. Holli K, Saaristo R, Isola J, Joensuu H, Hakama M. Lumpectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer with favourable prognostic features: results of a randomized study. Br J Cancer 2001, 84:164-169. 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1571, 2363696, 11161371.
37. Malmstrom P, Holmberg L, Anderson H, Mattsson J, Jonsson PE, Tennvall-Nittby L, Balldin G, Loven L, Svensson JH, Ingvar C, et al. Breast conservation surgery, with and without radiotherapy, in women with lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomised clinical trial in a population with access to public mammography screening. Eur J Cancer 2003, 39:1690-1697. 10.1016/S0959-8049(03)00324-1, 12888363.
38. Fisher ER, Anderson S, Tan-Chiu E, Fisher B, Eaton L, Wolmark N. Fifteen-year prognostic discriminants for invasive breast carcinoma: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol-06. Cancer 2001, 91:1679-1687. 10.1002/1097-0142(20010415)91:8+<1679::AID-CNCR1183>3.0.CO;2-8, 11309768.
39. Vallis KA, Pintilie M, Chong N, Holowaty E, Douglas PS, Kirkbride P, Wielgosz A. Assessment of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality after radiation therapy for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20:1036-1042. 10.1200/JCO.20.4.1036, 11844827.
40. Kahan Z, Csenki M, Varga Z, Szil E, Cserhati A, Balogh A, Gyulai Z, Mandi Y, Boda K, Thurzo L. The risk of early and late lung sequelae after conformal radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 68:673-681.
41. Kwa SL, Lebesque JV, Theuws JC, Marks LB, Munley MT, Bentel G, Oetzel D, Spahn U, Graham MV, Drzymala RE, et al. Radiation pneumonitis as a function of mean lung dose: an analysis of pooled data of 540 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 42:1-9.
42. Darby SC, McGale P, Taylor CW, Peto R. Long-term mortality from heart disease and lung cancer after radiotherapy for early breast cancer: prospective cohort study of about 300,000 women in US SEER cancer registries. Lancet Oncol 2005, 6:557-565. 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70251-5, 16054566.
43. Kirova YM, Gambotti L, De Rycke Y, Vilcoq JR, Asselain B, Fourquet A. Risk of second malignancies after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer: a large-scale, single-institution review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 68:359-363.
44. Schaapveld M, Visser O, Louwman MJ, de Vries EG, Willemse PH, Otter R, van der Graaf WT, Coebergh JW, van Leeuwen FE. Risk of new primary nonbreast cancers after breast cancer treatment: a Dutch population-based study. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:1239-1246. 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.9081, 18323547.
45. Schaapveld M, Visser O, Louwman WJ, Willemse PH, de Vries EG, van der Graaf WT, Otter R, Coebergh JW, van Leeuwen FE. The impact of adjuvant therapy on contralateral breast cancer risk and the prognostic significance of contralateral breast cancer: a population based study in the Netherlands. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008, 110:189-197. 10.1007/s10549-007-9709-2, 2440941, 17687645.
46. Vaidya JS, Vyas JJ, Chinoy RF, Merchant N, Sharma OP, Mittra I. Multicentricity of breast cancer: whole-organ analysis and clinical implications. Br J Cancer 1996, 74:820-824. 2074702, 8795588.
47. Holland R, Veling SH, Mravunac M, Hendriks JH. Histologic multifocality of Tis, T1-2 breast carcinomas. Implications for clinical trials of breast-conserving surgery. Cancer 1985, 56:979-990. 10.1002/1097-0142(19850901)56:5<979::AID-CNCR2820560502>3.0.CO;2-N, 2990668.
48. Arthur DW, Vicini FA, Kuske RR, Wazer DE, Nag S. Accelerated partial breast irradiation: an updated report from the American Brachytherapy Society. Brachytherapy 2003, 2:124-130. 10.1016/S1538-4721(03)00107-7, 15062155.
49. Faverly D, Holland R, Burgers L. An original stereomicroscopic analysis of the mammary glandular tree. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1992, 421:115-119. 10.1007/BF01607043, 1325088.
50. Faverly DR, Burgers L, Bult P, Holland R. Three dimensional imaging of mammary ductal carcinoma in situ: clinical implications. Semin Diagn Pathol 1994, 11:193-198.
51. Imamura H, Haga S, Shimizu T, Watanabe O, Kinoshita J, Nagumo H, Kajiwara T, Aiba M. Relationship between the morphological and biological characteristics of intraductal components accompanying invasive ductal breast carcinoma and patient age. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000, 62:177-184. 10.1023/A:1006462328544, 11072782.
52. Offersen BV, Overgaard M, Kroman N, Overgaard J. Accelerated partial breast irradiation as part of breast conserving therapy of early breast carcinoma: a systematic review. Radiother Oncol 2009, 90:1-13. 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.08.005, 18783840.
53. Zwicker RD, Arthur DW, Kavanagh BD, Mohan R, Schmidt-Ullrich RK. Optimization of planar high-dose-rate implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999, 44:1171-1177.
54. Zwicker RD, Schmidt-Ullrich R. Dose uniformity in a planar interstitial implant system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995, 31:149-155.
55. Kuske RR. Breast brachytherapy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999, 13:543-558, vi-vii. 10.1016/S0889-8588(05)70074-5, 10432428.
56. Schmidt-Ullrich PN, Todor DA, Cuttino LW, Arthur DW. Virtual planning of multicatheter brachytherapy implants for accelerated partial breast irradiation. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2004, 5:3124-3127.
57. Arthur DW, Koo D, Zwicker RD, Tong S, Bear HD, Kaplan BJ, Kavanagh BD, Warwicke LA, Holdford D, Amir C, et al. Partial breast brachytherapy after lumpectomy: low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 56:681-689.
58. Polgar C, Major T, Fodor J, Sulyok Z, Somogyi A, Lovey K, Nemeth G, Kasler M. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation using high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy: 12-year update of a prospective clinical study. Radiother Oncol 2010, 94:274-279. 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.01.019, 20181401.
59. Antonucci JV, Wallace M, Goldstein NS, Kestin L, Chen P, Benitez P, Dekhne N, Martinez A, Vicini F. Differences in patterns of failure in patients treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation versus whole-breast irradiation: a matched-pair analysis with 10-year follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 74:447-452.
60. Strnad V, Hildebrandt G, Potter R, Hammer J, Hindemith M, Resch A, Spiegl K, Lotter M, Uter W, Bani M, et al. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: 5-Year Results of the German-Austrian Multicenter Phase II Trial Using Interstitial Multicatheter Brachytherapy Alone After Breast-Conserving Surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010,
61. Johansson B, Karlsson L, Liljegren G, Hardell L, Persliden J. Pulsed dose rate brachytherapy as the sole adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery of T1-T2 breast cancer: first long time results from a clinical study. Radiother Oncol 2009, 90:30-35. 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.02.022, 18410975.
62. Arthur DW, Winter K, Kuske RR, Bolton J, Rabinovitch R, White J, Hanson WF, Wilenzick RM, McCormick B. A Phase II trial of brachytherapy alone after lumpectomy for select breast cancer: tumor control and survival outcomes of RTOG 95-17. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 72:467-473. 2604132, 18294778.
63. Polgar C, Fodor J, Major T, Nemeth G, Lovey K, Orosz Z, Sulyok Z, Takacsi-Nagy Z, Kasler M. Breast-conserving treatment with partial or whole breast irradiation for low-risk invasive breast carcinoma--5-year results of a randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 69:694-702.
64. King TA, Bolton JS, Kuske RR, Fuhrman GM, Scroggins TG, Jiang XZ. Long-term results of wide-field brachytherapy as the sole method of radiation therapy after segmental mastectomy for T(is,1,2) breast cancer. Am J Surg 2000, 180:299-304. 10.1016/S0002-9610(00)00454-2, 11113440.
65. Ott OJ, Hildebrandt G, Potter R, Hammer J, Lotter M, Resch A, Sauer R, Strnad V. Accelerated partial breast irradiation with multi-catheter brachytherapy: Local control, side effects and cosmetic outcome for 274 patients. Results of the German-Austrian multi-centre trial. Radiother Oncol 2007, 82:281-286. 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.08.028, 17126940.
66. Edmundson GK, Vicini FA, Chen PY, Mitchell C, Martinez AA. Dosimetric characteristics of the MammoSite RTS, a new breast brachytherapy applicator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002, 52:1132-1139.
67. Dickler A, Patel RR, Wazer D. Breast brachytherapy devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009, 6:325-333. 10.1586/erd.09.6, 19419289.
68. Bensaleh S, Bezak E, Borg M. Review of MammoSite brachytherapy: advantages, disadvantages and clinical outcomes. Acta Oncol 2009, 48:487-494. 10.1080/02841860802537916, 19031175.
69. Niehoff P, Polgar C, Ostertag H, Major T, Sulyok Z, Kimmig B, Kovacs G. Clinical experience with the MammoSite radiation therapy system for brachytherapy of breast cancer: results from an international phase II trial. Radiother Oncol 2006, 79:316-320. 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.05.010, 16780977.
70. Dragun AE, Harper JL, Jenrette JM, Sinha D, Cole DJ. Predictors of cosmetic outcome following MammoSite breast brachytherapy: a single-institution experience of 100 patients with two years of follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 68:354-358.
71. Vicini F, Beitsch PD, Quiet CA, Keleher AJ, Garcia D, Snider HC J, Gittleman MA, Zannis VJ, Kuerer HM, Lyden M. Three-year analysis of treatment efficacy, cosmesis, and toxicity by the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial in patients treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Cancer 2008, 112:758-766. 10.1002/cncr.23227, 18181095.
72. Shah NM, Wazer DE. The MammoSite balloon brachytherapy catheter for accelerated partial breast irradiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005, 15:100-107. 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.10.006, 15809935.
73. Benitez PR, Keisch ME, Vicini F, Stolier A, Scroggins T, Walker A, White J, Hedberg P, Hebert M, Arthur D, et al. Five-year results: the initial clinical trial of MammoSite balloon brachytherapy for partial breast irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. Am J Surg 2007, 194:456-462. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.06.010, 17826055.
74. Jeruss JS, Kuerer HM, Beitsch PD, Vicini FA, Keisch M. Update on DCIS Outcomes from the American Society of Breast Surgeons Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Registry Trial. Ann Surg Oncol
75. Patel RR, Christensen ME, Hodge CW, Adkison JB, Das RK. Clinical outcome analysis in "high-risk" versus "low-risk" patients eligible for national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel B-39/radiation therapy oncology group 0413 trial: five-year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 70:970-973.
76. Chen S, Dickler A, Kirk M, Shah A, Jokich P, Solmos G, Strauss J, Dowlatshahi K, Nguyen C, Griem K. Patterns of failure after MammoSite brachytherapy partial breast irradiation: a detailed analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 69:25-31.
77. Belkacemi Y, Chauvet MP, Giard S, Villette S, Lacornerie T, Bonodeau F, Baranzelli MC, Bonneterre J, Lartigau E. Partial breast irradiation as sole therapy for low risk breast carcinoma: early toxicity, cosmesis and quality of life results of a MammoSite brachytherapy phase II study. Radiother Oncol 2009, 90:23-29. 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.06.004, 18692927.
78. Voth M, Budway R, Keleher A, Caushaj PF. Local recurrence of breast cancer after MammoSite brachytherapy. Am Surg 2006, 72:798-800; discussion 800-791.
79. Vicini F, Beitsch P, Quiet C, Gittleman M, Zannis V, Fine R, Whitworth P, Kuerer H, Haffty B, Keisch M, Lyden M. Five-Year Analysis of Treatment Efficacy and Cosmesis by the American Society of Breast Surgeons Mammosite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial in Patients Treated with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010,
80. Hepel JT, Hiatt JR, Cardarelli GA, Wazer DE. Modeling study for optimization of skin dose for partial breast irradiation using Xoft Axxent electronic brachytherapy applicator. Brachytherapy 2010, 9:81-85. 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.08.005, 19850533.
81. Dickler A, Ivanov O, Francescatti D. Intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer utilizing xoft axxent electronic brachytherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2009, 7:24. 10.1186/1477-7819-7-24, 2651878, 19254369.
82. Ivanov O, Dickler A, Lum BY, Pellicane JV, Francescatti DS. Twelve-Month Follow-Up Results of a Trial Utilizing Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy to Deliver Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010,
83. Rivard MJ, Davis SD, DeWerd LA, Rusch TW, Axelrod S. Calculated and measured brachytherapy dosimetry parameters in water for the Xoft Axxent X-Ray Source: an electronic brachytherapy source. Med Phys 2006, 33:4020-4032. 10.1118/1.2357021, 17153382.
84. Chen SS, Strauss JB, Shah AP, Rao RD, Bernard DA, Griem KL. Radiation recall reaction with docetaxel administration after accelerated partial breast irradiation with electronic brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2009, 8:331-334. 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.01.001, 19446501.
85. Brenner DJ, Leu CS, Beatty JF, Shefer RE. Clinical relative biological effectiveness of low-energy x-rays emitted by miniature x-ray devices. Phys Med Biol 1999, 44:323-333. 10.1088/0031-9155/44/2/002, 10070784.
86. Wilder RB, Curcio LD, Khanijou RK, Eisner ME, Kakkis JL, Chittenden L, Agustin J, Lizarde J, Mesa AV, Ravera J, Tokita KM. A Contura catheter offers dosimetric advantages over a MammoSite catheter that increase the applicability of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Brachytherapy 2009, 8:373-378. 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.04.002, 19736045.
87. Brown S, McLaughlin M, Pope K, Haile K, Hughes L, Israel PZ. Initial radiation experience evaluating early tolerance and toxicities in patients undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation using the Contura Multi-Lumen Balloon breast brachytherapy catheter. Brachytherapy 2009, 8:227-233. 10.1016/j.brachy.2008.11.013, 19217353.
88. Scanderbeg DJ, Yashar C, White G, Rice R, Pawlicki T. Evaluation of Three APBI Techniques Under NSABP B-39 Guidelines. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2010, 11:3021.
89. Scanderbeg DJ, Yashar C, Rice R, Pawlicki T. Clinical implementation of a new HDR brachytherapy device for partial breast irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2009, 90:36-42. 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.09.024, 18952310.
90. Beriwal S, Coon D, Kim H, Haley M, Patel R, Das R. Multicatheter hybrid breast brachytherapy: a potential alternative for patients with inadequate skin distance. Brachytherapy 2008, 7:301-304. 10.1016/j.brachy.2008.07.003, 18771962.
91. Dickler A, Seif N, Kirk MC, Patel MB, Bernard D, Coon A, Dowlatshahi K, Das RK, Patel RR. A dosimetric comparison of MammoSite and ClearPath high-dose-rate breast brachytherapy devices. Brachytherapy 2009, 8:14-18. 10.1016/j.brachy.2008.07.006, 18955018.
92. Kozak KR, Doppke KP, Katz A, Taghian AG. Dosimetric comparison of two different three-dimensional conformal external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 65:340-346.
93. Baglan KL, Sharpe MB, Jaffray D, Frazier RC, Fayad J, Kestin LL, Remouchamps V, Martinez AA, Wong J, Vicini FA. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 55:302-311.
94. Hepel JT, Tokita M, MacAusland SG, Evans SB, Hiatt JR, Price LL, DiPetrillo T, Wazer DE. Toxicity of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 75:1290-1296.
95. Formenti SC. External-beam partial-breast irradiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005, 15:92-99. 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.10.008, 15809934.
96. Formenti SC, Truong MT, Goldberg JD, Mukhi V, Rosenstein B, Roses D, Shapiro R, Guth A, Dewyngaert JK. Prone accelerated partial breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery: preliminary clinical results and dose-volume histogram analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 60:493-504. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.269, 15380584.
97. Cox BW, Horst KC, Thornton S, Dirbas FM. Impact of increasing margin around the lumpectomy cavity to define the planning target volume for 3D conformal external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation. Med Dosim 2007, 32:254-262. 10.1016/j.meddos.2007.02.003, 17980825.
98. Landis DM, Luo W, Song J, Bellon JR, Punglia RS, Wong JS, Killoran JH, Gelman R, Harris JR. Variability among breast radiation oncologists in delineation of the postsurgical lumpectomy cavity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 67:1299-1308.
99. Dzhugashvili M, Tournay E, Pichenot C, Dunant A, Pessoa E, Khallel A, Gouy S, Uzan C, Garbay JR, Rimareix F, et al. 3D-conformal accelerated partial breast irradiation treatment planning: the value of surgical clips in the delineation of the lumpectomy cavity. Radiat Oncol 2009, 4:70. 10.1186/1748-717X-4-70, 2808304, 20042124.
100. Rosenstein BS, Lymberis SC, Formenti SC. Biologic comparison of partial breast irradiation protocols. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 60:1393-1404. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.06.156, 15590170.
101. Taghian AG, Kozak KR, Doppke KP, Katz A, Smith BL, Gadd M, Specht M, Hughes K, Braaten K, Kachnic LA, et al. Initial dosimetric experience using simple three-dimensional conformal external-beam accelerated partial-breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 64:1092-1099.
102. Livi L, Buonamici FB, Simontacchi G, Scotti V, Fambrini M, Compagnucci A, Paiar F, Scoccianti S, Pallotta S, Detti B, et al. Accelerated partial breast irradiation with IMRT: new technical approach and interim analysis of acute toxicity in a phase III randomized clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 77:509-515.
103. Cuttino LW, Todor D, Pacyna L, Lin PS, Arthur DW. Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI): what is the correct prescription dose?. Am J Clin Oncol 2006, 29:474-478. 10.1097/01.coc.0000225409.99284.f2, 17023782.
104. Vicini F, Winter K, Wong J, Pass H, Rabinovitch R, Chafe S, Arthur D, Petersen I, White J, McCormick B. Initial Efficacy Results of RTOG 0319: Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) Confined to the Region of the Lumpectomy Cavity for Stage I/II Breast Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 77:1120-1127.
105. Vicini FA, Chen P, Wallace M, Mitchell C, Hasan Y, Grills I, Kestin L, Schell S, Goldstein NS, Kunzman J, et al. Interim cosmetic results and toxicity using 3D conformal external beam radiotherapy to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation in patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 69:1124-1130.
106. Chen PY, Wallace M, Mitchell C, Grills I, Kestin L, Fowler A, Martinez A, Vicini F. Four-year efficacy, cosmesis, and toxicity using three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 76:991-997.
107. Taghian AG, El-Din MA, Smith BL, Ancukiewicz M, MacDonald SS, Katz A, Specht M, Hirsch A, Powell SN, Recht A. Interim results of a phase I/II trial of 3D-conformal external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation in patients with early breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 72:S4-S4.
108. Formenti SC, Rosenstein B, Skinner KA, Jozsef G. T1 stage breast cancer: adjuvant hypofractionated conformal radiation therapy to tumor bed in selected postmenopausal breast cancer patients--pilot feasibility study. Radiology 2002, 222:171-178. 10.1148/radiol.2221010769, 11756722.
109. Magee B, Swindell R, Harris M, Banerjee SS. Prognostic factors for breast recurrence after conservative breast surgery and radiotherapy: results from a randomised trial. Radiother Oncol 1996, 39:223-227. 10.1016/0167-8140(96)01747-1, 8783398.
110. Leonard CE, Carter D, Howell K, Kaske T, Kercher J, Henkenberns P. A prospective trial of accelerated partial breast intensity modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 72:S152-S152.
111. Jagsi R, Ben-David MA, Moran JM, Marsh RB, Griffith KA, Hayman JA, Pierce LJ. Unacceptable cosmesis in a protocol investigating intensity-modulated radiotherapy with active breathing control for accelerated partial-breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 76:71-78.
112. Reitsamer R, Sedlmayer F, Kopp M, Kametriser G, Menzel C, Glueck S, Nairz O, Deutschmann H, Merz F, Peintinger F. Concepts and techniques of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2008, 15:40-46. 10.1007/s12282-007-0001-4, 18224393.
113. Vaidya JS, Tobias JS, Baum M, Keshtgar M, Joseph D, Wenz F, Houghton J, Saunders C, Corica T, D'Souza D, et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2004, 5:165-173. 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01412-3, 15003199.
114. Vaidya JS, Tobias JS, Baum M, Wenz F, Kraus-Tiefenbacher U, D'Souza D, Keshtgar M, Massarut S, Hilaris B, Saunders C, Joseph D. TARGeted Intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT): an innovative approach to partial-breast irradiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005, 15:84-91. 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.10.007, 15809933.
115. Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Intraoperative electrons. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005, 15:76-83. 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.10.009, 15809932.
116. Orecchia R, Luini A, Veronesi P, Ciocca M, Franzetti S, Gatti G, Veronesi U. Electron intraoperative treatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer: data update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006, 6:605-611. 10.1586/14737140.6.4.605, 16613547.
117. Holmes DR, Baum M, Joseph D. The TARGIT trial: targeted intraoperative radiation therapy versus conventional postoperative whole-breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for the management of early-stage invasive breast cancer (a trial update). Am J Surg 2007, 194:507-510. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.06.018, 17826067.
118. Benda RK, Yasuda G, Sethi A, Gabram SG, Hinerman RW, Mendenhall NP. Breast boost: are we missing the target?. Cancer 2003, 97:905-909. 10.1002/cncr.11142, 12569589.
119. Karni T, Pappo I, Sandbank J, Lavon O, Kent V, Spector R, Morgenstern S, Lelcuk S. A device for real-time, intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conservation surgery. Am J Surg 2007, 194:467-473. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.06.013, 17826057.
120. Kraus-Tiefenbacher U, Scheda A, Steil V, Hermann B, Kehrer T, Bauer L, Melchert F, Wenz F. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for breast cancer using the Intrabeam system. Tumori 2005, 91:339-345.
121. Vaidya JS, Baum M, Tobias JS, D'Souza DP, Naidu SV, Morgan S, Metaxas M, Harte KJ, Sliski AP, Thomson E. Targeted intra-operative radiotherapy (Targit): an innovative method of treatment for early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2001, 12:1075-1080. 10.1023/A:1011609401132, 11583188.
122. Vaidya JS, Baum M, Tobias JS, Morgan S, D'Souza D. The novel technique of delivering targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (Targit) for early breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002, 28:447-454. 10.1053/ejso.2002.1275, 12099658.
123. Vaidya JS, Joseph DJ, Tobias JS, Bulsara M, Wenz F, Saunders C, Alvarado M, Flyger HL, Massarut S, Eiermann W, et al. Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole breast radiotherapy for breast cancer (TARGIT-A trial): an international, prospective, randomised, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet 2010, 376:91-102. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60837-9, 20570343.
124. Beddar AS, Krishnan S. Intraoperative radiotherapy using a mobile electron LINAC: a retroperitoneal sarcoma case. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2005, 6:95-107. 10.1120/jacmp.2025.25349, 16143794.
125. Beddar AS, Kubu ML, Domanovic MA, Ellis RJ, Kinsella TJ, Sibata CH. A new approach to intraoperative radiation therapy. AORN J 2001, 74:500-505. 10.1016/S0001-2092(06)61682-7, 11665383.
126. Daves JL, Mills MD. Shielding assessment of a mobile electron accelerator for intraoperative radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2001, 2:165-173. 10.1120/1.1385129, 11602013.
127. Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Luini A, Gatti G, Intra M, Zurrida S, Ivaldi G, Tosi G, Ciocca M, Tosoni A, De Lucia F. A preliminary report of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in limited-stage breast cancers that are conservatively treated. Eur J Cancer 2001, 37:2178-2183. 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00285-4, 11677104.
128. Frasson AL, Zerwes FP, Braga AP, Barbosa FS, Koch HA. Intraoperative radiotherapy in the conventional linear accelerator room for early breast cancer treatment: an alternative choice in developing countries. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2007, 26:379-384.
129. Cuncins-Hearn A, Saunders C, Walsh D, Borg M, Buckingham J, Frizelle F, Maddern G. A systematic review of intraoperative radiotherapy in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004, 85:271-280. 10.1023/B:BREA.0000025411.77758.1e, 15111766.
130. Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Luini A, Galimberti V, Gatti G, Intra M, Veronesi P, Leonardi MC, Ciocca M, Lazzari R, et al. Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons during breast-conserving surgery: experience with 590 cases. Ann Surg 2005, 242:101-106. 10.1097/01.sla.0000167927.82353.bc, 1357710, 15973107.
131. Lemanski C, Azria D, Gourgon-Bourgade S, Gutowski M, Rouanet P, Saint-Aubert B, Ailleres N, Fenoglietto P, Dubois JB. Intraoperative radiotherapy in early-stage breast cancer: results of the montpellier phase II trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 76:698-703.
132. Mussari S, Sabino Della Sala W, Busana L, Vanoni V, Eccher C, Zani B, Menegotti L, Tomio L. Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons in breast cancer. First report on late toxicity and cosmetic results from a single-institution experience. Strahlenther Onkol 2006, 182:589-595. 10.1007/s00066-006-1559-z, 17013572.
133. Buchholz TA, Kuerer HM, Strom EA. Is partial breast irradiation a step forward or backward?. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005, 15:69-75. 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.10.003, 15809931.
134. Rose CM, Recht A. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI): let's give it a good test. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 57:1217-1218.
135. Sarin R, Chopra S. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using multicatheter brachytherapy. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2007, 4:382-383. 10.1038/ncponc0845, 17534289.
136. Vicini F, Arthur D, Polgar C, Kuske R. Defining the efficacy of accelerated partial breast irradiation: the importance of proper patient selection, optimal quality assurance, and common sense. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 57:1210-1213.
137. Polgar C, Van Limbergen E, Potter R, Kovacs G, Polo A, Lyczek J, Hildebrandt G, Niehoff P, Guinot JL, Guedea F, et al. Patient selection for accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) after breast-conserving surgery: recommendations of the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) breast cancer working group based on clinical evidence (2009). Radiother Oncol 2010, 94:264-273. 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.01.014, 20181402.
138. Smith BD, Arthur DW, Buchholz TA, Haffty BG, Hahn CA, Hardenbergh PH, Julian TB, Marks LB, Todor DA, Vicini FA, et al. Accelerated partial breast irradiation consensus statement from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 74:987-1001.
139. Vicini F, Arthur D, Wazer D, Chen P, Mitchell C, Wallace M, Kestin L, Ye H. Limitations of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel Guidelines on the Use of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010,
140. Shaitelman SF, Vicini FA, Beitsch P, Haffty B, Keisch M, Lyden M. Five-year outcome of patients classified using the American Society for Radiation Oncology consensus statement guidelines for the application of accelerated partial breast irradiation: an analysis of patients treated on the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Registry Trial. Cancer
141. McHaffie DR, Patel RR, Adkison JB, Das RK, Geye HM, Cannon GM. Outcomes After Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Patients with ASTRO Consensus Statement Cautionary Features. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
142. Njeh CF. Tumor delineation: The weakest link in the search for accuracy in radiotherapy. J Med Phys 2008, 33:136-140. 10.4103/0971-6203.44472, 2772050, 19893706.
143. Petersen RP, Truong PT, Kader HA, Berthelet E, Lee JC, Hilts ML, Kader AS, Beckham WA, Olivotto IA. Target volume delineation for partial breast radiotherapy planning: Clinical characteristics associated with low interobserver concordance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 69:41-48.
144. Weed DW, Yan D, Martinez AA, Vicini FA, Wilkinson TJ, Wong J. The validity of surgical clips as a radiographic surrogate for the lumpectomy cavity in image-guided accelerated partial breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 60:484-492. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.410, 15380583.
145. Wong EK, Truong PT, Kader HA, Nichol AM, Salter L, Petersen R, Wai ES, Weir L, Olivotto IA. Consistency in seroma contouring for partial breast radiotherapy: Impact of guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 66:372-376.
146. Vicini FA, Kestin L, Chen P, Benitez P, Goldstein NS, Martinez A. Limited-field radiation therapy in the management of early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003, 95:1205-1210. 10.1093/jnci/djg023, 12928345.
147. Veronesi U, Gatti G, Luini A, Intra M, Ciocca M, Sanchez D, Zurrida S, Navarro S, Orecchia R. Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons during breast-conserving surgery. Arch Surg 2003, 138:1253-1256. 10.1001/archsurg.138.11.1253, 14609877.
148. Ebell MH, Siwek J, Weiss BD, Woolf SH, Susman J, Ewigman B, Bowman M. Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. Am Fam Physician 2004, 69:548-556.
149. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Harbour RT, Haugh MC, Henry D, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004, 328:1490. 10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490, 428525, 15205295.
150. Ribeiro GG, Magee B, Swindell R, Harris M, Banerjee SS. The Christie Hospital breast conservation trial: an update at 8 years from inception. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1993, 5:278-283.
151. Dodwell DJ, Dyker K, Brown J, Hawkins K, Cohen D, Stead M, Ash D. A randomised study of whole-breast vs tumour-bed irradiation after local excision and axillary dissection for early breast cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005, 17:618-622.
152. Lehman M, Hickey B. The less than whole breast radiotherapy approach. Breast 2010, 19:180-187. 10.1016/j.breast.2010.03.005, 20511068.
153. Orecchia R, Ciocca M, Tosi G, Franzetti S, Luini A, Gatti G, Veronesi U. Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (ELIOT) to the breast: a need for a quality assurance programme. Breast 2005, 14:541-546. 10.1016/j.breast.2005.08.038, 16242331.
154. Yau TK, Soong IS, Sze H, Choi CW, Yeung MW, Ng WT, Lee AW. Trends and patterns of breast conservation treatment in Hong Kong: 1994-2007. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 74:98-103.
155. Spilsbury K, Semmens JB, Saunders CM, Hall SE, Holman CD. Subsequent surgery after initial breast conserving surgery: a population based study. ANZ J Surg 2005, 75:260-264. 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03352.x, 15932433.
156. Kosaka Y, Mitsumori M, Yamauchi C, Narita Y, Hiraoka M. Feasibility of accelerated partial breast irradiation using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for Japanese women: a theoretical plan using six patients' CT data. Breast Cancer 2008, 15:108-114. 10.1007/s12282-007-0013-0, 18224404.
157. Sawaki M, Sato S, Kikumori T, Ishihara S, Aoyama Y, Itoh Y, Nakao A, Imai T. A phase I study of intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer in Japan. World J Surg 2009, 33:2587-2592. 10.1007/s00268-009-0227-8, 19771468.
158. Weed DW, Edmundson GK, Vicini FA, Chen PY, Martinez AA. Accelerated partial breast irradiation: a dosimetric comparison of three different techniques. Brachytherapy 2005, 4:121-129. 10.1016/j.brachy.2004.12.005, 15893265.
159. Wadasadawala T, Budrukkar A, Chopra S, Badwe R, Hawaldar R, Parmar V, Jalali R, Sarin R. Quality of life after accelerated partial breast irradiation in early breast cancer: matched pair analysis with protracted whole breast radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2009, 21:668-675.
160. Dragun AE, Harper JL, Taylor CE, Jenrette JM. Patient satisfaction and quality of life after MammoSite breast brachytherapy. Am J Surg 2008, 196:545-548. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.014, 18809060.
161. Suh WW, Hillner BE, Pierce LJ, Hayman JA. Cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy following conservative surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005, 61:1054-1061.
162. Suh WW, Pierce LJ, Vicini FA, Hayman JA. A cost comparison analysis of partial versus whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005, 62:790-796.
163. Sher DJ, Wittenberg E, Suh WW, Taghian AG, Punglia RS. Partial-breast irradiation versus whole-breast irradiation for early-stage breast cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 74:440-446. 2695677, 18963542.
164. Brown JM, Koong AC. High-dose single-fraction radiotherapy: exploiting a new biology?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 71:324-325.
165. Kirkpatrick JP, Brenner DJ, Orton CG. Point/Counterpoint. The linear-quadratic model is inappropriate to model high dose per fraction effects in radiosurgery. Med Phys 2009, 36:3381-3384. 10.1118/1.3157095, 19746770.
166. Reintgen C, Reintgen D, Solin LJ. Advances in local-regional treatment for patients with early-stage breast cancer: a review of the field. Clin Breast Cancer 2010, 10:180-187. 10.3816/CBC.2010.n.025, 20497916.