메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 477-483

Programmed cell death in unicellular parasites: A prerequisite for sustained infection?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOPHAGY PROTEIN 12; AUTOPHAGY PROTEIN 5; AUTOPHAGY PROTEIN 8; CASPASE; METACASPASE; PARACASPASE; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; PROTEIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 77956882084     PISSN: 14714922     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.06.008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 16244362671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells
    • Fink S.L., Cookson B.T. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect. Immun. 2005, 73:1907-1916.
    • (2005) Infect. Immun. , vol.73 , pp. 1907-1916
    • Fink, S.L.1    Cookson, B.T.2
  • 2
    • 34548386663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial pathogen-induced necrotic cell death mediated by the inflammasome components CIAS1/cryopyrin/NLRP3 and ASC
    • Willingham S.B., et al. Microbial pathogen-induced necrotic cell death mediated by the inflammasome components CIAS1/cryopyrin/NLRP3 and ASC. Cell Host Microbe 2007, 2:147-159.
    • (2007) Cell Host Microbe , vol.2 , pp. 147-159
    • Willingham, S.B.1
  • 3
    • 57649149333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009
    • Kroemer G., et al. Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death Differ. 2009, 16:3-11.
    • (2009) Cell Death Differ. , vol.16 , pp. 3-11
    • Kroemer, G.1
  • 4
    • 38949108670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
    • Klionsky D.J., et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy 2008, 4:151-175.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 151-175
    • Klionsky, D.J.1
  • 5
    • 55749100531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin inhibits trypanosome cell growth by preventing TOR complex 2 formation
    • Barquilla A., et al. Rapamycin inhibits trypanosome cell growth by preventing TOR complex 2 formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105:14579-14584.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.105 , pp. 14579-14584
    • Barquilla, A.1
  • 6
    • 33744965065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endosome sorting and autophagy are essential for differentiation and virulence of Leishmania major
    • Besteiro S., et al. Endosome sorting and autophagy are essential for differentiation and virulence of Leishmania major. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:11384-11396.
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 11384-11396
    • Besteiro, S.1
  • 7
    • 33748300634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cysteine peptidases CPA and CPB are vital for autophagy and differentiation in Leishmania mexicana
    • Williams R.A., et al. Cysteine peptidases CPA and CPB are vital for autophagy and differentiation in Leishmania mexicana. Mol. Microbiol. 2006, 61:655-674.
    • (2006) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.61 , pp. 655-674
    • Williams, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 61649127283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of unusual families of ATG8-like proteins and ATG12 in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major
    • Williams R.A., et al. Characterization of unusual families of ATG8-like proteins and ATG12 in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Autophagy 2009, 5:159-172.
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 159-172
    • Williams, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 73449097796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma brucei ATG8: Structural insights into autophagic-like mechanisms in protozoa
    • Koopmann R., et al. Trypanosoma brucei ATG8: Structural insights into autophagic-like mechanisms in protozoa. Autophagy 2009, 5:1085-1091.
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 1085-1091
    • Koopmann, R.1
  • 10
    • 41249091247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is involved in nutritional stress response and differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Alvarez V.E., et al. Autophagy is involved in nutritional stress response and differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:3454-3464.
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , pp. 3454-3464
    • Alvarez, V.E.1
  • 11
    • 34547138164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulated externalization of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface: implications for apoptosis
    • Balasubramanian K., et al. Regulated externalization of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface: implications for apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:18357-18364.
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 18357-18364
    • Balasubramanian, K.1
  • 12
    • 67650188578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial peptide-induced apoptotic death of Leishmania results from calcium-dependent, caspase-independent mitochondrial toxicity
    • Kulkarni M.M., et al. Antimicrobial peptide-induced apoptotic death of Leishmania results from calcium-dependent, caspase-independent mitochondrial toxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:15496-15504.
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 15496-15504
    • Kulkarni, M.M.1
  • 13
    • 0028023438 scopus 로고
    • Binding of recombinant annexin V to endothelial cells: effect of annexin V binding on endothelial-cell-mediated thrombin formation
    • van Heerde W.L., et al. Binding of recombinant annexin V to endothelial cells: effect of annexin V binding on endothelial-cell-mediated thrombin formation. Biochem. J. 1994, 302(Pt. 1):305-312.
    • (1994) Biochem. J. , vol.302 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 305-312
    • van Heerde, W.L.1
  • 14
    • 0037974754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copper chelation represses the vascular response to injury
    • Mandinov L., et al. Copper chelation represses the vascular response to injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003, 100:6700-6705.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.100 , pp. 6700-6705
    • Mandinov, L.1
  • 15
    • 33748808057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania disease development depends on the presence of apoptotic promastigotes in the virulent inoculum
    • van Zandbergen G., et al. Leishmania disease development depends on the presence of apoptotic promastigotes in the virulent inoculum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:13837-13842.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.103 , pp. 13837-13842
    • van Zandbergen, G.1
  • 16
    • 33748697633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin-induced programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei involves oxidative stress
    • Figarella K., et al. Prostaglandin-induced programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei involves oxidative stress. Cell Death Differ. 2006, 13:1802-1814.
    • (2006) Cell Death Differ. , vol.13 , pp. 1802-1814
    • Figarella, K.1
  • 17
    • 72449133396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of mitochondrial Leishmania major ascorbate peroxidase enhances tolerance to oxidative stress-induced programmed cell death and protein damage
    • Dolai S., et al. Overexpression of mitochondrial Leishmania major ascorbate peroxidase enhances tolerance to oxidative stress-induced programmed cell death and protein damage. Eukaryot. Cell 2009, 8:1721-1731.
    • (2009) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.8 , pp. 1721-1731
    • Dolai, S.1
  • 18
    • 0038101385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative oxidase present in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei may act to lower the mitochondrial production of superoxide
    • Fang J., Beattie D.S. Alternative oxidase present in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei may act to lower the mitochondrial production of superoxide. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2003, 414:294-302.
    • (2003) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.414 , pp. 294-302
    • Fang, J.1    Beattie, D.S.2
  • 19
    • 0035166350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolutionary conservation of the cell death pathway: mitochondrial release of an apoptosis-inducing factor during Dictyostelium discoideum cell death
    • Arnoult D., et al. On the evolutionary conservation of the cell death pathway: mitochondrial release of an apoptosis-inducing factor during Dictyostelium discoideum cell death. Mol. Biol. Cell 2001, 12:3016-3030.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.12 , pp. 3016-3030
    • Arnoult, D.1
  • 20
    • 52149102504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The caspase-independent algorithm of programmed cell death in Leishmania induced by baicalein: the role of LdEndoG, LdFEN-1 and LdTatD as a DNA 'degradesome'
    • BoseDasgupta S., et al. The caspase-independent algorithm of programmed cell death in Leishmania induced by baicalein: the role of LdEndoG, LdFEN-1 and LdTatD as a DNA 'degradesome'. Cell Death Differ. 2008, 15:1629-1640.
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ. , vol.15 , pp. 1629-1640
    • BoseDasgupta, S.1
  • 21
    • 56549114782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania infantum expresses a mitochondrial nuclease homologous to EndoG that migrates to the nucleus in response to an apoptotic stimulus
    • Rico E., et al. Leishmania infantum expresses a mitochondrial nuclease homologous to EndoG that migrates to the nucleus in response to an apoptotic stimulus. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2009, 163:28-38.
    • (2009) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.163 , pp. 28-38
    • Rico, E.1
  • 22
    • 39449083014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of the pro-apoptotic nuclease activity of endonuclease G in unicellular trypanosomatid parasites
    • Gannavaram S., et al. Conservation of the pro-apoptotic nuclease activity of endonuclease G in unicellular trypanosomatid parasites. J. Cell Sci. 2008, 121:99-109.
    • (2008) J. Cell Sci. , vol.121 , pp. 99-109
    • Gannavaram, S.1
  • 23
    • 33749074492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death of a trypanosome: a selfish altruism
    • Duszenko M., et al. Death of a trypanosome: a selfish altruism. Trends Parasitol. 2006, 22:536-542.
    • (2006) Trends Parasitol. , vol.22 , pp. 536-542
    • Duszenko, M.1
  • 24
    • 0033638182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of paracaspases and metacaspases: two ancient families of caspase-like proteins, one of which plays a key role in MALT lymphoma
    • Uren A.G., et al. Identification of paracaspases and metacaspases: two ancient families of caspase-like proteins, one of which plays a key role in MALT lymphoma. Mol. Cell 2000, 6:961-967.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 961-967
    • Uren, A.G.1
  • 25
    • 0037165647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metacaspase of Trypanosoma brucei causes loss of respiration competence and clonal death in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Szallies A., et al. A metacaspase of Trypanosoma brucei causes loss of respiration competence and clonal death in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 2002, 517:144-150.
    • (2002) FEBS Lett. , vol.517 , pp. 144-150
    • Szallies, A.1
  • 26
    • 33751234213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why yeast cells can undergo apoptosis: death in times of peace, love, and war
    • Buttner S., et al. Why yeast cells can undergo apoptosis: death in times of peace, love, and war. J. Cell Biol. 2006, 175:521-525.
    • (2006) J. Cell Biol. , vol.175 , pp. 521-525
    • Buttner, S.1
  • 27
    • 26444506789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cysteine protease mcII-Pa executes programmed cell death during plant embryogenesis
    • Bozhkov P.V., et al. Cysteine protease mcII-Pa executes programmed cell death during plant embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:14463-14468.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.102 , pp. 14463-14468
    • Bozhkov, P.V.1
  • 28
    • 28044463623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metacaspases of Trypanosoma cruzi: possible candidates for programmed cell death mediators
    • Kosec G., et al. Metacaspases of Trypanosoma cruzi: possible candidates for programmed cell death mediators. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2006, 145:18-28.
    • (2006) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.145 , pp. 18-28
    • Kosec, G.1
  • 29
    • 33645742663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei depend upon multiple metacaspases associated with RAB11-positive endosomes
    • Helms M.J., et al. Bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei depend upon multiple metacaspases associated with RAB11-positive endosomes. J. Cell Sci. 2006, 119:1105-1117.
    • (2006) J. Cell Sci. , vol.119 , pp. 1105-1117
    • Helms, M.J.1
  • 30
    • 37349064941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential role for the Leishmania major metacaspase in cell cycle progression
    • Ambit A., et al. An essential role for the Leishmania major metacaspase in cell cycle progression. Cell Death Differ. 2008, 15:113-122.
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ. , vol.15 , pp. 113-122
    • Ambit, A.1
  • 31
    • 35348920688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of metacaspases with trypsin-like activity and their putative role in programmed cell death in the protozoan parasite Leishmania
    • Lee N., et al. Characterization of metacaspases with trypsin-like activity and their putative role in programmed cell death in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Eukaryot. Cell 2007, 6:1745-1757.
    • (2007) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 1745-1757
    • Lee, N.1
  • 32
    • 34447278308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein turnover and differentiation in Leishmania
    • Besteiro S., et al. Protein turnover and differentiation in Leishmania. Int. J. Parasitol. 2007, 37:1063-1075.
    • (2007) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.37 , pp. 1063-1075
    • Besteiro, S.1
  • 33
    • 17144420138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin D2 induces programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form
    • Figarella K., et al. Prostaglandin D2 induces programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form. Cell Death Differ. 2005, 12:335-346.
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ. , vol.12 , pp. 335-346
    • Figarella, K.1
  • 34
    • 66749129072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation between apoptotic and viable metacyclics enhances the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis
    • Wanderley J.L., et al. Cooperation between apoptotic and viable metacyclics enhances the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5733.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Wanderley, J.L.1
  • 35
    • 41449083862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turnover of glycosomes during life-cycle differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei
    • Herman M., et al. Turnover of glycosomes during life-cycle differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei. Autophagy 2008, 4:294-308.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 294-308
    • Herman, M.1
  • 36
    • 0036142979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of programmed cell death: apoptosis of the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania major involves cysteine proteinase activation and mitochondrion permeabilization
    • Arnoult D., et al. On the evolution of programmed cell death: apoptosis of the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania major involves cysteine proteinase activation and mitochondrion permeabilization. Cell Death Differ. 2002, 9:65-81.
    • (2002) Cell Death Differ. , vol.9 , pp. 65-81
    • Arnoult, D.1
  • 37
    • 34447558328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protozoan parasites: programmed cell death as a mechanism of parasitism
    • Bruchhaus I., et al. Protozoan parasites: programmed cell death as a mechanism of parasitism. Trends Parasitol. 2007, 23:376-383.
    • (2007) Trends Parasitol. , vol.23 , pp. 376-383
    • Bruchhaus, I.1
  • 38
    • 33750341991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis-like death as a feature of malaria infection in mosquitoes
    • Hurd H., et al. Apoptosis-like death as a feature of malaria infection in mosquitoes. Parasitology 2006, 132(Suppl.):S33-S47.
    • (2006) Parasitology , vol.132 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hurd, H.1
  • 39
    • 0038726318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous nitric oxide induces apoptosis in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites via a calcium signal transduction pathway
    • Peng B.W., et al. Exogenous nitric oxide induces apoptosis in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites via a calcium signal transduction pathway. Parasitology 2003, 126:541-550.
    • (2003) Parasitology , vol.126 , pp. 541-550
    • Peng, B.W.1
  • 40
    • 33750346769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in African trypanosomes
    • Welburn S.C., et al. Programmed cell death in African trypanosomes. Parasitology 2006, 132(Suppl.):S7-S18.
    • (2006) Parasitology , vol.132 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Welburn, S.C.1
  • 41
    • 66149123721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naphthoimidazoles promote different death phenotypes in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Menna-Barreto R.F., et al. Naphthoimidazoles promote different death phenotypes in Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology 2009, 136:499-510.
    • (2009) Parasitology , vol.136 , pp. 499-510
    • Menna-Barreto, R.F.1
  • 42
    • 69449083833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in protists: Examples of secondary loss, lineage-specific innovations, and the conundrum of remodeling a single mitochondrion
    • Rigden D.J., et al. Autophagy in protists: Examples of secondary loss, lineage-specific innovations, and the conundrum of remodeling a single mitochondrion. Autophagy 2009, 5:784-794.
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 784-794
    • Rigden, D.J.1
  • 43
    • 61949283424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetoplastida: model organisms for simple autophagic pathways?
    • Denninger V., et al. Kinetoplastida: model organisms for simple autophagic pathways?. Methods Enzymol. 2008, 451:373-408.
    • (2008) Methods Enzymol. , vol.451 , pp. 373-408
    • Denninger, V.1
  • 44
    • 33749178260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise: signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response
    • Festjens N., et al. Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise: signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1757:1371-1387.
    • (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1757 , pp. 1371-1387
    • Festjens, N.1
  • 45
    • 0036715377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tipping the balance between necrosis and apoptosis in human and murine cells treated with interferon and dsRNA
    • Kalai M., et al. Tipping the balance between necrosis and apoptosis in human and murine cells treated with interferon and dsRNA. Cell Death Differ. 2002, 9:981-994.
    • (2002) Cell Death Differ. , vol.9 , pp. 981-994
    • Kalai, M.1
  • 46
    • 42249102086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins
    • Degterev A., et al. Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2008, 4:313-321.
    • (2008) Nat. Chem. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 313-321
    • Degterev, A.1
  • 47
    • 5944233768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas triggers an alternative, caspase-8-independent cell death pathway using the kinase RIP as effector molecule
    • Holler N., et al. Fas triggers an alternative, caspase-8-independent cell death pathway using the kinase RIP as effector molecule. Nat. Immunol. 2000, 1:489-495.
    • (2000) Nat. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 489-495
    • Holler, N.1
  • 48
    • 0025524298 scopus 로고
    • A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: the population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences
    • Tibayrenc M., et al. A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: the population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1990, 87:2414-2418.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.87 , pp. 2414-2418
    • Tibayrenc, M.1
  • 49
    • 0036746010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: 12 years on
    • Tibayrenc M., Ayala F.J. The clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: 12 years on. Trends Parasitol. 2002, 18:405-410.
    • (2002) Trends Parasitol. , vol.18 , pp. 405-410
    • Tibayrenc, M.1    Ayala, F.J.2
  • 50
    • 53849092760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of Toxoplasma gondii: clonal expansion driven by infrequent recombination and selective sweeps
    • Sibley L.D., Ajioka J.W. Population structure of Toxoplasma gondii: clonal expansion driven by infrequent recombination and selective sweeps. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2008, 62:329-351.
    • (2008) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 329-351
    • Sibley, L.D.1    Ajioka, J.W.2
  • 51
    • 0033795404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
    • Anderson T.J., et al. Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2000, 17:1467-1482.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1467-1482
    • Anderson, T.J.1
  • 52
    • 0031194764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in tsetse, Glossina morsitans
    • Welburn S.C., Maudlin I. Control of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in tsetse, Glossina morsitans. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1997, 11:286-289.
    • (1997) Med. Vet. Entomol. , vol.11 , pp. 286-289
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Maudlin, I.2
  • 53
    • 0036020254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the malaria protozoan, Plasmodium berghei: a possible mechanism for limiting intensity of infection in the mosquito
    • Al-Olayan E.M., et al. Apoptosis in the malaria protozoan, Plasmodium berghei: a possible mechanism for limiting intensity of infection in the mosquito. Int. J. Parasitol. 2002, 32:1133-1143.
    • (2002) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.32 , pp. 1133-1143
    • Al-Olayan, E.M.1
  • 54
    • 0028817287 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in a unicellular eukaryote (Trypanosoma cruzi): implications for the evolutionary origin and role of programmed cell death in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival
    • Ameisen J.C., et al. Apoptosis in a unicellular eukaryote (Trypanosoma cruzi): implications for the evolutionary origin and role of programmed cell death in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Cell Death Differ. 1995, 2:285-300.
    • (1995) Cell Death Differ. , vol.2 , pp. 285-300
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 55
    • 0036144405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania
    • Lee N., et al. Programmed cell death in the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania. Cell Death Differ. 2002, 9:53-64.
    • (2002) Cell Death Differ. , vol.9 , pp. 53-64
    • Lee, N.1
  • 56
    • 0030696101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of African trypanosomes is controlled by a density sensing mechanism which signals cell cycle arrest via the cAMP pathway
    • Vassella E., et al. Differentiation of African trypanosomes is controlled by a density sensing mechanism which signals cell cycle arrest via the cAMP pathway. J. Cell Sci. 1997, 110(Pt 21):2661-2671.
    • (1997) J. Cell Sci. , vol.110 , Issue.PART 21 , pp. 2661-2671
    • Vassella, E.1
  • 57
    • 0036311492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years
    • Ameisen J.C. On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years. Cell Death Differ. 2002, 9:367-393.
    • (2002) Cell Death Differ. , vol.9 , pp. 367-393
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 58
    • 0027382922 scopus 로고
    • Suppressor macrophages in African trypanosomiasis inhibit T cell proliferative responses by nitric oxide and prostaglandins
    • Schleifer K.W., Mansfield J.M. Suppressor macrophages in African trypanosomiasis inhibit T cell proliferative responses by nitric oxide and prostaglandins. J. Immunol. 1993, 151:5492-5503.
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.151 , pp. 5492-5503
    • Schleifer, K.W.1    Mansfield, J.M.2
  • 59
    • 0028182972 scopus 로고
    • Production of prostaglandins D2 and E2 by mouse fibroblasts and astrocytes in culture caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei products and endotoxin
    • Alafiatayo R.A., et al. Production of prostaglandins D2 and E2 by mouse fibroblasts and astrocytes in culture caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei products and endotoxin. Parasitol. Res. 1994, 80:223-229.
    • (1994) Parasitol. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 223-229
    • Alafiatayo, R.A.1
  • 60
    • 21644445348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kola acuminata proanthocyanidins: a class of anti-trypanosomal compounds effective against Trypanosoma brucei
    • Kubata B.K., et al. Kola acuminata proanthocyanidins: a class of anti-trypanosomal compounds effective against Trypanosoma brucei. Int. J. Parasitol. 2005, 35:91-103.
    • (2005) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.35 , pp. 91-103
    • Kubata, B.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.