The Aberrant Salience Inventory: A New Measure of Psychosis Proneness

Psychological Assessment

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 688-701

  Cicero, David C ^a   Kerns, John G ^a   McCarthy, Denis M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

Aberrant salience; Psychosis proneness; Scale development; Schizophrenia; Schizotypy

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE;

ABERRANT SALIENCE INVENTORY; ADULT; ANHEDONIA; ARTICLE; BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION SYSTEM SCALE; BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION SYSTEM SCALE; CHAPMAN INFREQUENCY SCALE; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; DISSOCIATIVE PROCESS SCALE; DOPAMINE BLOOD LEVEL; EMOTIONALITY; FACTORIAL DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMAN; INSTRUMENT VALIDATION; MAGICAL IDEATION SCALE; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH; PERCEPTUAL ABERRATION SCALE; PROCESS DESIGN; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOSIS; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; REVISED SOCIAL ANHEDONIA SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SOCIAL ANHEDONIA SCALE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STUDY DESIGN; TELLEGEN ABSORPTION SCALE; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77956768182     PISSN: 10403590     EISSN: 1939134X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019913     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Allen J.G., Coyne L. Dissociation and vulnerability to psychotic experience: The Dissociative Experiences Scale and the MMPI-2. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1995, 183:615-622.
2. Andreasen N.C., Arndt S., Alliger R., Miller D., Flaum M. Symptoms of schizophrenia: Methods, meanings, and mechanisms. Archives of General Psychiatry 1995, 52:341-351.
3. Berenbaum H. Peculiarity. Personality characteristics of the personality disordered 1996, 206-241. Wiley, New York, NY. C.G. Costello (Ed.).
4. Berner P. Delusional atmosphere. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 159(Suppl. 14):88-93.
5. Berridge K.C. The debate over dopamine's role in reward: The case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology 2007, 191:391-431.
6. Bowers M.B. Pathogenesis of acute schizophrenic psychosis: An experimental approach. Archives of General Psychiatry 1968, 19:348-355.
7. Bowers M.B., Freedman D.X. " Psychedelic" experiences in acute psychoses. Archives of General Psychiatry 1966, 15:240-248.
8. Cannon T.D., Cadenhead K., Cornblatt B., Woods S.W., Addington J., Walker E., Heinsen R. Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: A multisite longitudinal study in North America. Archives of General Psychiatry 2008, 65:28-37.
9. Carver C.S., White T.L. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:319-333.
10. Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1983). Infrequency Scale. Unpublished test.
11. Chapman L.J., Chapman J.P., Kwapil T.R., Eckblad M., Zinser M.C. Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994, 103:171-183.
12. Chapman L.J., Chapman J.P., Raulin M.L. Body-image aberration in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1978, 87:399-407.
13. Chmielewski M., Fernandes L.O., Yee C.M., Miller G.A. Ethnicity and gender in scales of psychosis proneness and mood disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:464-470.
14. Chmielewski M., Watson D. The heterogeneous structure of schizotypal personality disorder: Item-level factors of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and their associations with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, dissociative tendencies, and normal personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2008, 117:364-376.
15. Clark L.A., Watson D. Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment 1995, 7:309-319.
16. Compton M.T., Chien V.H., Bollini A.M. Psychometric properties of the brief version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in relatives of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and non-psychiatric controls. Schizophrenia Research 2007, 91:122-131.
17. Compton M.T., Goulding S.M., Bakeman R., McClure-Tone E.B. Confirmation of a four-factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire among undergraduate students. Schizophrenia Research 2009, 111:46-52.
18. Compton M.T., McGlashan T.H., McGorry P.D. Toward prevention approaches for schizophrenia: An overview of prodromal states, the duration of untreated psychosis, and early intervention paradigms. Psychiatric Annals 2007, 37:340-348.
19. Conrad K.J., Wright B.D., McKnight P., McFall M., Fontana A., Rosenheck R. Comparing traditional and Rasch analyses of the Mississippi PTSD Scale: Revealing limitations of reverse-scored items. Journal of Applied Measurement 2004, 5:15-30.
20. Cronbach L.J., Meehl P.E. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin 1955, 52:281-302.
21. Cutting J. Gestalt theory and psychiatry: Discussion paper. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1989, 82:429-431.
22. Davis K.L., Kahn R.S., Ko G., Davidson M. Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 148:1474-1486.
23. Depue R.A., Collins P.F. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1999, 22:491-517.
24. Eckbald M., Chapman L.J. Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983, 51:215-225.
25. Eckbald M., Chapman L.J., Chapman J.P., Mishlove M. The Revised Social Anhedonia Scale 1982, (Available from L. J. Chapman, Department of Psychology, 1202 West Johnson Street, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706).
26. Edell W.S. The psychometric measurement of schizotypy using the Wisconsin Scales of Psychosis-Proneness. The behavioral high-risk paradigm in psychopathology 1995, 1-46. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. G. Miller (Ed.).
27. Eisen M.L., Carlson E.B. Individual differences in suggestibility: Examining the influence of dissociation, absorption, and a history of childhood abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1998, 12:S47-S61.
28. Elliot A.J., Thrash T.M. Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:804-818.
29. Fabrigar L.R., Wegener D.T., MacCallum R.C., Strahan E.J. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 1999, 4:272-299.
30. Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology 1948, 32:221-233.
31. Floyd F., Widaman K. Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment 1995, 7:286-299.
32. Giesbrecht T., Merckelbach H., Geraerts E., Smeets E. Dissociation in undergraduate students: Disruptions in executive functioning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2004, 192:567-569.
33. Glisky M.L., Kihlstrom J.F. Hypnotizability and facets of openness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 1993, 41:112-123.
34. Glisky M.L., Tataryn D.J., Tobias B.A., Kihlstrom J.F., McConkey K.M. Absorption, openness to experience, and hypnotizability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:263-272.
35. Gooding D.C., Tallent K.A., Matts C.W. Clinical status of at-risk individuals 5 years later: Further validation of the psychometric high-risk strategy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:170-175.
36. Gottesman I. Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of madness 1991, Freeman, New York, NY.
37. Gray J.A. Three fundamental emotion systems. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions 1994, 243-247. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson (Eds.).
38. Groleger U. Off-label use of antipsychotics: Rethinking " off-label." Psychiatria Danubina 2007, 19:350-353.
39. Grove W.M. Psychometric detection of schizotypy. Psychological Bulletin 1982, 92:27-38.
40. Guillin O., Abi-Dargham A., Laruelle M. Neurobiology of dopamine in schizophrenia. International Review of Neurobiology 2007, 78:1-39.
41. Hanssen M., Krabbendam L., Vollema M., Delespaul P., van Os J. Evidence for instrument and family-specific variation of subclinical psychosis dimensions in the general population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2006, 115:5-14.
42. Harrison, J. A., & Watson, D. (1992). The Dissociative Processes Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
43. Hodges J.R. Cognitive assessment for clinicians 1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
44. Horan W.P., Reise S.P., Subotnik K.L., Ventura J., Nuechterlein K.H. The validity of psychosis proneness scales as vulnerability indicators in recent-onset schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research 2008, 100:224-236.
45. Hu L.T., Bentler P.M. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods 1998, 3:424-453.
46. Irwin H.J. The relationship between dissociative tendencies and schizotypy: An artifact of childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1999, 57:331-342.
47. Johannesen J.K., Bodkins M., O'Donnell B.F., Shekhar A., Hetrick W.P. Perceptual anomalies in schizophrenia co-occur with selective impairments in the gamma frequency component of midlatency auditory ERPs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2008, 117:106-118.
48. Johns L.C., van Os J. The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clinical Psychology Review 2001, 21:1125-1141.
49. Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: A framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 160:13-23.
50. Kendler K.S., Gallagher T.J., Abelson J.M., Kessler R.C. Lifetime prevalence, demographic risk factors, and diagnostic validity of nonaffective psychosis as assessed in a US community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996, 53:1022-1031.
51. Kerns J.G. Positive schizotypy and emotion processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:392-401.
52. Kerns J.G. Verbal communication impairments and cognitive control components in people with schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2007, 116:279-289.
53. Kerns J.G., Berenbaum H. Aberrant semantic and affective processing in people at risk for psychosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2000, 109:728-732.
54. Kerns J.G., Berenbaum H. The relationship between formal thought disorder and executive functioning component processes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2003, 112:339-352.
55. Kessler R.C., Birnbaum H., Demler O., Falloon I.R., Gagnon E., Guyer M., Wu E.Q. The prevalence and correlates of nonaffective psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Biological Psychiatry 2005, 58:668-676.
56. Kruck C.L., Flashman L.A., Roth R.M., Koven N.S., McAllister T.W., Saykin A.J. Lack of relationship between psychological denial and unawareness of illness in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Research 2009, 169:33-38.
57. Kwapil T.R. A longitudinal study of drug and alcohol use by psychosis-prone and impulsive-nonconforming individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1996, 105:114-123.
58. Kwapil T.R. Social anhedonia as a predictor of the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1998, 107:558-565.
59. Kwapil T.R., Barrantes-Vidal N., Silvia P.J. The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: Factor identification and construct validity. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008, 34:444-457.
60. Kwapil T.R., Crump R.A., Pickup D.R. Assessment of psychosis proneness in African-American college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2002, 58:1601-1614.
61. Lee S.H., Ham B.J., Cho Y.H., Lee S.M., Shim S.H. Association study of dopamine receptor D2 TaqI A polymorphism and reward-related personality traits in healthy Korean young females. Neuropsychobiology 2007, 56:146-151.
62. Lenzenweger M.F. Explorations in schizotypy and the psychometric high-risk paradigm. Progress in Experimental Personality and Psychopathology Research 1993, 16:66-116.
63. Lenzenweger M.F. Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: An update. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1994, 20:121-135.
64. Lenzenweger M.F., Bennett M.E., Lilenfeld L.R. The Referential Thinking Scale as a measure of schizotypy: Scale development and initial construct validation. Psychological Assessment 1997, 9:452-463.
65. Loewy R.L., Bearden C.E., Johnson J.K., Raine A., Cannon T.D. The Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ): Preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophrenia Research 2005, 1:117-125.
66. Macdonald N. Living with schizophrenia. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1960, 82:218-221.
67. Manning V., Wanigaratne S., Best D., Strathdee G., Schrover I., Gossop M. Screening for cognitive functioning in psychiatric outpatients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and dual diagnosis. Schizophrenia Research 2007, 91:151-158.
68. Marshall M., Lewis S., Lockwood A., Drake R., Jones P., Croudace T. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: A systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62:975-983.
69. McGlashan T.H., Zipursky R.B., Perkins D., Addington J., Miller T., Woods S.W., Breier A. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 163:790-799.
70. Meehl P.E. Schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia. American Psychologist 1962, 17:827-838.
71. Meng X., Rosenthal R., Rubin D.B. Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 111:172-175.
72. Miller G.A. The behavioral high-risk paradigm in psychopathology 1995, Springer, New York, NY.
73. Miller T.J., McGlashan T.H., Woods S.W., Stein K., Driesen N., Corcoran C.M., Davidson L. Symptom assessment in schizophrenic prodromal states. Psychiatric Quarterly 1999, 70:273-287.
74. Moller P., Husby R. The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: Searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experience and behavior. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000, 26:217-232.
75. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 2004, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. 3rd ed.
76. Myin-Germeys I., Marcelis M., Krabbendam L., Delespaul P., van Os J. Subtle fluctuations in psychotic phenomena as functional states of abnormal dopamine reactivity in individuals at risk. Biological Psychiatry 2005, 58:105-110.
77. Neale J.M., Oltmanns T.F. Schizophrenia 1980, Wiley, New York, NY.
78. Nikam S.S., Awasthi A.K. Evolution of schizophrenia drugs: A focus on dopaminergic systems. Current Opinion in Investigating Drugs 2008, 9:37-46.
79. Parnas J., Handest P., Saebye D., Jansson L. Anomalies of subjective experience in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2003, 108:126-133.
80. Pickering A.D., Gray J.A. The neuroscience of personality. Handbook of personality: Theory and research 1999, 2:277-299. Guilford Press, New York, NY. L.A. Pervin, O.P. John (Eds.).
81. Potter D., Summerfelt A., Gold J., Buchanan R.W. Review of clinical correlates of P50 sensory gating abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006, 32:692-700.
82. Raballo A., Maggini C. Experiential anomalies and self-centrality in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 2005, 38:124-132.
83. Raine A. The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1991, 17:555-564.
84. Raine A. Schizotypal personality: Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2006, 2:291-326.
85. Rodebaugh T.L., Woods C.M., Heimberg R.G. The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy 2007, 38:192-206.
86. Rodebaugh T.L., Woods C.M., Heimberg R.G., Liebowitz M.R., Schneier F.R. The factor structure and screening utility of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Psychological Assessment 2006, 18:231-237.
87. Roiser J.P., Stephan K.E., Ouden H.E., Barnes T.R., Friston K.J., Joyce E.M. Do patients with schizophrenia exhibit aberrant salience?. Psychological Medicine 2008, 39:199-209.
88. Rubio D.M., Berg-Weger M., Tebb S.S. Using structural equation modeling to test for multidimensionality. Structural Equation Modeling 2001, 8:613-626.
89. Sass L.A. Madness and modernism: Insanity in the light of modern art, literature, and thought 1992, Basic Books, New York, NY.
90. Satorra A., Bentler P.A. Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research 1994, 399-419. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. A. von Eye, C.C. Clogg (Eds.).
91. Satorra A., Bentler P.A. A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika 2001, 66:507-514.
92. Scholten M.R., van Honk J., Aleman A., Kahn R.S. Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS) and schizophrenia: Relationship with psychopathology and physiology. Journal of Psychiatry Research 2006, 40:638-645.
93. Szily E., Keri S. Anomalous subjective experience and psychosis risk in young depressed patients. Psychopathology 2009, 42:229-235.
94. Tellegen A., Atkinson G. Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (" absorption" ), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1974, 83:268-277.
95. Thomas L.E., Woods S.W. The schizophrenia prodrome: A developmentally informed review and update for psychopharmacologic treatment. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical North America 2006, 15:109-133.
96. Tombaugh T.N., McDowell I., Kristjansson B., Hubley A.M. Mini-Mental State Examination and the modified MMSE: Psychometric comparison and normative data. Psychological Assessment 1996, 1:48-59.
97. Tombaugh T.N., McIntyre N.J. The Mini-Mental State Examination: A comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1992, 40:922-935.
98. van Os J., Hanssen M., Bijl R.V., Ravelli A. Strauss (1969) revisited: A psychosis continuum in the general population?. Schizophrenia Research 2000, 45:11-20.
99. van Os J., Hanssen M., Bijl R.V., Vollebergh W. Prevalence of psychotic disorder and community level of psychotic symptoms: An urban-rural comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001, 58:663-668.
100. van Os J., Linscott R.J., Myin-Germeys I., Delespaul P., Krabbendam L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: Evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine 2009, 39:179-195.
101. Vollmer-Larsen A., Handest P., Parnas J. Reliability of measuring anomalous experiences: The Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms. Psychopathology 2007, 40:345-348.
102. Watson D. Dissociations of the night: Individual differences in sleep-related experiences and their relation to dissociation and schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2001, 110:526-535.
103. Yung A.R., McGorry P.D. The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: Past and current conceptualizations. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1996, 22:353-370.