Optical properties of planar waveguides on ZnWO4 formed by carbon and helium ion implantation and effects of annealing

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 18, 2010, Pages 18989-18996

  Zhao, Jin Hua ^a   Liu, Tao ^a   Guo, Sha Sha ^a   Guan, Jing ^a   Wang, Xue Lin ^a  

^a SHANDONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; ANNEALING; HELIUM; PLANAR WAVEGUIDES; REFRACTIVE INDEX;

ANNEALING CYCLES; AT-WAVELENGTH; CALCULATION METHODS; CARBON ION IMPLANTATION; COUPLING METHODS; FLUENCES; GUIDED MODES; HELIUM ION IMPLANTATIONS; IMPLANTATION PROCESS; LIGHT INTENSITY; NEAR-FIELD; PLANAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; PRISM COUPLER; REFRACTIVE INDEX PROFILES; THERMAL STABILITY; VISIBLE BAND; ZNWO;

ION IMPLANTATION;

EID: 77956388549     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.018989     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. 4 single crystals," Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 45(18), 10356-10362 (1992).
2. 4 single crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 36(4), 278-279 (1980).
3. 4 ," J. Lumin. 33(1), 109-113 (1985).
4. 3+ doped zinc tungstate at 1 uμm wavelength," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21(10), 1596-1599 (1985).
5. 4 single crystal," Phys. Stat. Solidi A 107(1), 161-164 (1988).
6. 4 photocatalyst with high activity for degradation of organic contaminants," J. Alloy. Comp. 432(1-2), 269-276 (2007).
7. 4 microwave dielectric ceramics," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27(2-3), 1059-1063 (2007).
8. M. J. Rodman, P. J. Chandler, and P. D. Townsend, " Ion-implanted optical waveguides in zinc tungstate," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 80-81, 1182-1184 (1993).
9. 4 prepared by solid state method," J. Mater. Sci. 35(19), 4879-4883 (2000).
10. F. A. Kröger, Some Aspects of the Luminescence of Solids (Elsevier, New York 1948).
11. F. Chen, X. L. Wang, and K. M. Wang, " Development of ion-implanted optical waveguides in optical materials: A review," Opt. Mater. 29(11), 1523-1542 (2007).
12. P. D. Townsend, P. J. Chandler, and L. Zhang, Optical effects of ion implantation (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994).
13. 3 channel waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(1), 011109 (2009).
14. D. Kip, S. Aulkemeyer, and P. Moretti, " Low-loss planar optical waveguides in strontium barium niobate crystals formed by ion-beam implantation," Opt. Lett. 20(11), 1256-1258 (1995).
15. 3 crystals fabricated by combination of proton implantation and selective wet etching," Opt. Express 18(11), 11444-11449 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-18-11- 11444.
16. L. Wang, K. M. Wang, F. Chen, X. L. Wang, L. L. Wang, H. Liu, and Q. M. Lu, " Optical waveguide in stoichiometric lithium niobate formed by 500 keV proton implantation," Opt. Express 15(25), 16880-16885 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-25-16880.
17. 3+ ion implantation," Appl. Phys. B 94(3), 467-471 (2009).
18. 3 waveguides formed by low-dose oxygen ion implantation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(4), 041103 (2005).
19. G. G. Bentini, M. Bianconi, L. Correra, M. Chiarini, P. Mazzoldi, C. Sada, N. Argiolas, M. Bazzan, and R. Guzzi, " Damage effects produced in the near-surface region of x-cut LiNbO[sub 3] by low dose, high energy implantation of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine ions," J. Appl. Phys. 96(1), 242-247 (2004).
20. J. F. Ziegler, computer code, SRIM, http://www.srim.org.
21. P. J. Chandler, and F. L. Lama, " A new approach to the determination of planar waveguide profiles by means of a non-stationary mode index calculation," Opt. Acta (Lond.) 33, 127-143 (1986).
22. F. Caccavale, F. Segato, I. Mansour, and M. Gianesin, " A finite differences method for the reconstruction of refractive index profiles from near-field measurements," J. Lightwave Technol. 16(7), 1348-1353 (1998).
23. J. M. White, and P. F. Heidrich, " Optical waveguide refractive index profiles determined from measurement of mode indices: a simple analysis," Appl. Opt. 15(1), 151-155 (1976).
24. P. Hertel, and H. P. Menzler, " Improved inverse WKB procedure to reconstruct refractive index profiles of dielectric planar waveguides," Appl. Phys. B 44(2), 75-80 (1987).
25. H. Hu, F. Lu, F. Chen, B. R. Shi, K. M. Wang, and D. Y. Shen, " Extraordinary refractive-index increase in lithium niobate caused by low-dose ion implantation," Appl. Opt. 40(22), 3759-3761 (2001).
26. Y. Jiang, K. M. Wang, X. L. Wang, F. Chen, C. L. Jia, L. Wang, Y. Jiao, and F. Lu, " Model of refractive-index changes in lithium niobate waveguides fabricated by ion implantation," Phys. Rev. B 75(19), 195101 (2007).