Paving the seafloor: Volcanic emplacement processes during the 2005-2006 eruptions at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9°50'N

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2010, Pages

  Fundis, A T ^a   Soule, S A ^b   Fornari, D J ^b   Perfit, M R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

20052006 eruption; EPR; fast spreading mid ocean ridge; kipuka.; lava morphology; volcanic collapse

Indexed keywords

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS; VOLCANOES;

20052006 ERUPTION; EPR; FAST SPREADING MID-OCEAN RIDGE; KIPUKA.; LAVA MORPHOLOGY; VOLCANIC COLLAPSE;

MORPHOLOGY;

COLLAPSE; EMPLACEMENT; FISSURE; LAVA FLOW; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; MORPHOLOGY; SEAFLOOR; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

EAST PACIFIC RISE; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 77956270576     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003058     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ballard, R. D., and T. H. van Andel (1977), Morphology and tectonics of the inner rift valley at lat 36°50-N on the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 507-530, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<507:MATOTI>2.0.CO;2.
2. Ballard, R. D., R. T. Holcomb, and T. H. van Andel (1979), The Galapagos Rift at 86°W: Sheet flows, collapse pits, and lava lakes of the rift valley, J. Geophys. Res., 84(B10), 5407-5422, doi:10.1029/JB084iB10p05407.
3. Ballard, R. D., T. H. van Andel, and R. T. Holcomb (1982), The Galapagos Rift at 86°W 5. Variations in volcanism, structure, and hydrothermal activity along a 30-kilometer segment of the rift valley, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1149-1161, doi:10.1029/JB087iB02p01149.
4. Bonatti, E., and C. G. A. Harrison (1988), Eruption styles of basalt in oceanic spreading ridges and seamounts: Effect of magma temperature and viscosity, J. Geophys. Res., 93(B4), 2967-2980, doi:10.1029/JB093iB04p02967.
5. Carbotte, S., and K. Macdonald (1992), East Pacific Rise 8°- 10°30-N: Evolution of ridge segments and discontinuities from SeaMARC II and three-dimensional magnetic studies, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6959-6982, doi:10.1029/91JB03065.
6. Carbotte, S. M., M. R. Perfit, J. B. Gill, D. Kelley, J. Canales, M. Nedimovic, and H. D. Carton (2009), Near-axis melt anomalies and segmentation of axial melt: A common framework for the EPR and Endeavor ISS?, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS11B-01.
7. Chadwick, W. W. (2003), Quantitative constraints on the growth of submarine lava pillars from a monitoring instrument that was caught in the lava flow, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B11), 2534, doi:10.1029/2003JB002422.
8. Chadwick, W. W., Jr., R. W. Embley, and C. G. Fox (1991), Evidence for volcanic eruption on the southern Juan de Fuca ridge between 1981 and 1987, Nature, 350(6317), 416-418, doi:10.1038/350416a0.
9. Chadwick, W. W., Jr., R. W. Embley, and C. G. Fox (1995), SeaBeam depth changes associated with recent lava flows, Coaxial Segment, Juan De Fuca Ridge: Evidence for multiple eruptions between 1981-1993, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 167-170, doi:10.1029/94GL01895.
10. Chadwick, W. W., Jr., T. K. P. Gregg, and R. W. Embley (1999), Submarine lineated sheet flows: A unique lava morphology formed on subsiding lava ponds, Bull. Volcanol., 61(3), 194-206, doi:10.1007/s004450050271.
11. Cowen, J. P., et al. (2007), Volcanic eruptions at the East Pacific Rise near 9°50-N, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(7), 81-83, doi:10.1029/2007EO070001.
12. Embley, R. W., K. M. Murphy, and C. G. Fox (1990), High resolution studies of the summit of Axial Volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 12,785-12,812.
13. Embley, R. W., W. W. Chadwick Jr., I. R. Jonasson, D. A. Butterfield, and E. T. Baker (1995), Initial results of the rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial Event: Relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 143-146, doi:10.1029/94GL02281.
14. Engels, J. L., M. H. Edwards, D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, and J. R. Cann (2003), A new model for submarine collapse formation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(9), 1077, doi:10.1029/2002GC000483.
15. Escartín, J., S. A. Soule, D. J. Fornari, M. A. Tivey, H. Schouten, and M. R. Perfit (2007), Interplay between faults and lava flows in construction of the upper oceanic crust: The East Pacific Rise crest 9°25-58-N, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q06005, doi:10.1029/2006GC001399.
16. Ferrini, V., S. A. Soule, S. M. White, and T. J. Crone (2009), Seafloor change and lava emplacement processes associated with the 2005-2006 East Pacific Rise eruptions, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V51D-1726.
17. Fink, J. H., and R. W. Griffiths (1992), A laboratory analog study of the morphology of lava flows extruded from point and line sources, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 54, 19-32, doi:10.1016/0377-0273(92)90112-Q.
18. Fornari, D. J. (2003), A new deep-sea towed digital camera and multi-rock coring system, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(8), 69-76, doi:10.1029/2003EO080001.
19. Fornari, D. J., R. M. Haymon, M. R. Perfit, T. K. P. Gregg, and M. H. Edwards (1998), Axial summit trough of the East Pacific Rise 9°-10°N: Geological characteristics and evolution of the axial zone on fast spreading mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 103(B5), 9827-9855, doi:10.1029/ 98JB00028.
20. Fornari, D. J., M. D. Kurz, D. J. Geist, P. D. Johnson, U. G. Peckman, and D. Scheirer (2001), New perspectives on the structure and morphology of the submarine flanks of Galapagos Volcanoes-Fernandina and Isabela, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T41D-06.
21. Fornari, D. J., et al. (2004), Submarine lava flow emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9 50-N: Implications from uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid circulation, in Mid-Ocean Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 148, edited by C. R. German, J. Lin, and L. M. Parson, pp. 187- 218, AGU, Washington, D. C.
22. Fornari, D. J., et al. (2010), The 2005-06 East Pacific Rise Eruption: High-T vent fluid temperature records correlated to spatial distribution of vents and axial structure provide clues about fast-spreading ridge fluid circulation pathways, Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract IT45G-11.
23. Goss, A. R., M. R. Perfit, W. I. Ridley, K. H. Rubin, G. D. Kamenov, S. A. Soule, A. T. Fundis, and D. J. Fornari (2010), Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005-2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9°46-N-9°56-N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, Q05T09, doi:10.1029/2009GC002977.
24. Gregg, T. K. P., and J. H. Fink (1995), Quantification of submarine lava-flow morphology through analog experiments, Geology, 23, 73-76, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023< 0073:QOSLFM>2.3.CO;2.
25. Gregg, T. K. P., and J. H. Fink (2000), A laboratory investigation into the effects of slope on lava flow morphology, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 96, 145-159, doi:10.1016/ S0377-0273(99)00148-1.
26. Gregg, T. K. P., and D. K. Smith (2003), Volcanic investigations of the Puna Ridge, Hawai'i: Relations if lava flow morphologies and underlying slopes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 126, 63-77, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00116-1.
27. Gregg, T. K. P., D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, R. M. Haymon, and J. H. Fink (1996), Rapid emplacement of a mid-ocean ridge lava flow on the East Pacific Rise at 9°46-51-N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, E1-E7, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96) 00179-3.
28. Gregg, T. K. P., J. H. Fink, and R. W. Griffiths (1998), Formation of multiple fold generations on lava flow surfaces: Influence of strain rate, cooling rate, and lava composition, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 80, 281-292, doi:10.1016/ S0377-0273(97)00048-6.
29. Griffiths, R. W., and J. H. Fink (1992), The morphology of lava flows in planetary environments: Predictions from analog experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 97(B13), 19,739-19,748, doi:10.1029/92JB01953.
30. Haymon, R. M., D. J. Fornari, M. H. Edwards, S. Carbotte, D. Wright, and K. C. Macdonald (1991), Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09-54-N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 513-534, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90226-8.
31. Haymon, R. M., et al. (1993), Volcanic eruption of the midocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°45-52-N: Direct submersible observations of seafloor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April, 1991, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 119, 85-101, doi:10.1016/0012-821X (93)90008-W.
32. Hunt, M. M., W. M. Marquet, D. A. Moller, K. R. Peal, W. K. Smith, and R. C. Spindell (1974), An acoustic navigation system, Tech. Rep. WHOI-74-6, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.
33. Kurras, G. J., D. J. Fornari, M. H. Edwards, M. R. Perfit, and M. C. Smith (2000), Volcanic morphology of the East Pacific Rise Crest 9°49-52-: Implications for volcanic emplacement processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges, Mar. Geophys. Res., 21, 23-41, doi:10.1023/A:1004792202764.
34. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, and R. Batiza (1986), Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5°30- 14°30-N, Nature, 322, 422-429, doi:10.1038/322422a0.
35. Lonsdale, P. (1977), Abyssal pahoehoe with lava coils at the Galapagos rift, Geology, 5, 147-152, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<147:APWLCA>2.0. CO;2.
36. Macdonald, K., J. C. Sempere, and P. J. Fox (1984), East Pacific Rise from Siqueiros to Orozco fracture zones: Along-strike continuity of axial neovolcanic zone and structure and evolution of overlapping spreading centers, J. Geophys. Res., 89(B7), 6049-6069, doi:10.1029/ JB089iB07p06049.
37. Macdonald, K. C., et al. (1992), The East Pacific Rise and its flanks 8-18°N: History of segmentation, propagation and spreading direction based on SeaMARC II and SeaBeam studies, Mar. Geophys. Res., 14, 299-344, doi:10.1007/ BF01203621.
38. Milne, P. H. (1983), Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems, Gulf Publ., Houston, Tex.
39. Perfit, M. R., and W. W. Chadwick (1998), Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations, in Faulting and Magmatism at Mid- Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 106, edited by W. R. Buck et al., pp. 59-116, AGU, Washington, D. C.
40. Perfit, M. R., D. J. Fornari, M. C. Smith, J. F. Bender, C. H. Langmuir, and R. M. Haymon (1994), Small-scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes, Geology, 22, 375-379, doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1994)022<0375:SSSATV>2.3.CO;2.
41. Perfit, M. R., J. R. Cann, D. J. Fornari, J. Engels, D. K. Smith, W. I. Ridley, and M. H. Edwards (2003), Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges, Nature, 426, 62-65, doi:10.1038/nature02032.
42. Rowland, S. K., and G. P. L. Walker (1990), Pahoehoe and aa in Hawaii: Volumetric flow rate controls the lava structure, Bull. Volcanol., 52(8), 615-628, doi:10.1007/BF00301212.
43. Rubin, K. H., J. D. Macdougall, and M. R. Perfit (1994), 210Po-210Pb dating of recent volcanic eruptions on the sea floor, Nature, 368, 841-844, doi:10.1038/368841a0.
44. Rubin, K. H., M. R. Perfit, D. J. Fornari, S. A. Soule, M. Tolstoy, and F. Wauldhauser (2006), Geochronology and composition of the 2006-06 volcanic eruptions of the East Pacific Rise, 9°46-56-N, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V23B-0602.
45. Rubin, K. H., M. Tolstoy, D. Fornari, R. P. Dziak, S. A. Soule, F. Waldhauser, and K. Von Damm (2008), Integrating radiometric, geophysical and thermal signals of volcanic unrest and eruption in 2005-06 at 9°50-N EPR, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B23F-07.
46. Sakimoto, S. E. H., and T. K. P. Gregg (2001), Channeled flow: Analytic solutions, laboratory experiments, and applications to lava flows, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8629-8644, doi:10.1029/2000JB900384.
47. Schouten, H., M. Tivey, D. Fornari, D. Yoerger, A. Bradley, P. Johnson, M. Edwards, and T. Kurokawa (2002), Lava transport and accumulation processes on EPR 9°27-N to 10°N: Interpretations based on recent near-bottom sonar imaging and seafloor observations using ABE, Alvin and a new digital deep sea camera, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T11C-1262.
48. Shank, T. M., D. J. Fornari, K. L. Von Damm, M. D. Lilley, R. M. Haymon, and R. A. Lutz (1998), Temporal and spatial patterns of biological community development at nascent deep-sea hydrothermal vents (9°50-N, East Pacific Rise), Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 465-515, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00089-1.
49. Sinton, J., E. Bergmanis, K. H. Rubin, R. Batiza, T. K. P. Gregg, K. Gronvold, K. C. Macdonald, and S. M. White (2002), Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17°-19°S, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B6), 2115, doi:10.1029/2000JB000090.
50. Soule, S. A., K. V. Cashman, and J. P. Kauahikaua (2004), Examining flow emplacement through the surface morphology of three rapidly emplaced, solidified lava flows, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 1-14, doi:10.1007/ s00445-003-0291-0.
51. Soule, S. A., D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, M. A. Tivey, W. I. Ridley, and H. Schouten (2005), Channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise crest 9°-10°N: The importance of off-axis lava transport in developing the architecture of young oceanic crust, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q08005, doi:10.1029/2005GC000912.
52. Soule, S. A., D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, W. I. Ridley, M. H. Reed, and J. R. Cann (2006), Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 252, 289-307, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2006.09.043.
53. Soule, S. A., D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, and K. H. Rubin (2007), New insights into mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes from the 2005-2006 eruption of the East Pacific Rise, 9°46-N-9°56-N, Geology, 35, 1079-1082, doi:10.1130/ G23924A.1.
54. Tolstoy, M., et al. (2006), A sea-floor spreading event captured by seismometers, Science, 314, 1920-1922, doi:10.1126/science.1133950.
55. Von Damm, K. L., S. E. Oosting, R. Kozlowski, L. G. Buttermore, D. C. Colodner, H. N. Edmonds, and J. M. Edmond (1995), Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption, Nature, 375, 47-50, doi:10.1038/375047a0.
56. White, S. M., R. M. Haymon, D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, and K. C. Macdonald (2002), Correlation between volcanic and tectonic segmentation of fast-spreading ridges: Evidence from volcanic structures and lava flow morphology on the East Pacific Rise at 9°-10°N, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B8), 2173, doi:10.1029/2001JB000571.
57. White, S. M., R. M. Haymon, and S. Carbotte (2006), A new view of ridge segmentation and near-axis volcanism at the East Pacific Rise, 8°-12°N, from EM300 multibeam bathymetry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q12O05, doi:10.1029/2006GC001407.
58. Wright, D. J., R. M. Haymon, and D. J. Fornari (1995), Crustal fissuring and its relationship to magmatic and hydrothermal processes on the East Pacific Rise crest (9°12-to 54-N), J. Geophys. Res., 100(B4), 6097-6120, doi:10.1029/94JB02876.