Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005-2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9°46'N-9°56N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2010, Pages

  Goss, A R ^a   Perfit, M R ^a   Ridley, W I ^b   Rubin, K H ^c   Kamenov, G D ^a   Soule, S A ^d   Fundis, A ^a   Fornari, D J ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^d WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Mid ocean ridge basalt; East Pacific Rise; Eruption; Trace elements; Radiogenic isotopes; Fractional crystallization.

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953151749     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009GC002977     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Backus, G. (1965), Possible forms of seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 70 (14), 3429-3439.
2. Barclay, A., D. Toomey, and S. Solomon (1998), Seismic structure and crustal magmatism at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35d̀N, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (B8), 17,827-17,844.
3. Barker, N. (2004), Electromagnetic investigation of the Lucky Strike seamount near 37d̀N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, U. K.
4. Becker, K. (1985), Large-scale electrical resistivity and bulk porosity of the upper oceanic crust, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, Costa Rica Rift, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., 83, 419-427, doi:10.2973/dsdp. proc.83.124.1985.
5. Becker, K. (1990), Large-scale electrical resistivity and bulk porosity of the upper oceanic crust at Hole 395A, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 106/109, 205-212.
6. Becker, K., et al. (1982), In situ electrical resistivity and bulk porosity of the oceanic crust Cost Rica Rift, Nature, 300, 594-598.
7. Becker, K., E. Davis, F. Spiess, and C. deMoustier (2004), Temperature and video logs from the upper oceanic crust, Holes 504B and 896 (a), Costa Rica Rift flank: Implications for the permeability of upper oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 887-896, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.033. (Pubitemid 38763298)
8. Berge, P., J. Berryman, and B. Bonner (1993), Influence of microstructure on rock elastic properties, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20 (23), 2619-2622. (Pubitemid 24423189)
9. Berryman, J., S. Pride, and H. Wang (2002), A differential scheme for elastic properties of rocks with dry or saturated cracks, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 597-611, doi:2002GeoJI. 151..597B.
10. Boudier, F., A. Nicolas, B. Ildefonse, and D. Jousselin (1997), EPR microplates, a model for the Oman ophiolite, Terra Nova, 9, 79-82.
11. Bratt, S., and G. Purdy (1984), Structure and variability of oceanic crust on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise between 11d̀ and 13d̀N, J. Geophys. Res., 89 (B7), 6111-6125.
12. Budiansky, B. (1965), On the elastic moduli of some heterogeneous materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 13, 223-227.
13. Buttkus, B. (2000), Spectral Analysis and Filter Theory in Applied Geophysics, 1st ed., Springer, Berlin.
14. Cannat, M., et al. (1999), Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Azores hotspot interactions: Along-axis migration of a hotspot-derived event of enhanced magmatism 10 to 4 Ma ago, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 173, 257-269.
15. Carlson, R. (1998), Seismic velocities in the uppermost oceanic crust: Age dependence and the fate of layer 2A, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (B4), 7069-7077.
16. Carlson, R., and C. Herrick (1990), Densities and porosities in the oceanic crust and their variations with depth and age, J. Geophys. Res., 95 (B6), 9153-9170.
17. Červený, V. (2001), Seismic Ray Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
18. Chapman, C. (2004), Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
19. Cheng, C., and M. Toksöz (1979), Inversion of seismic velocities for the pore aspect ratio spectrum of a rock, J. Geophys. Res., 84 (B13), 7533-7543.
20. Christensen, N. (1984), Pore pressure and oceanic crustal seismic structure, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 79, 411-423.
21. Christeson, G., G. Purdy, and G. Fryer (1994), Seismic constraints on shallow crustal emplacement processes at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (B9), 17,957-17,973.
22. Christeson, G., G. Kent, G. Purdy, and R. Detrick (1996), Extrusive thickness variability at the East Pacific Rise, 9d̀-10d̀N: Constraints from seismic techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B2), 2859-2873.
23. Christeson, G., K. McIntosh, and J. Karson (2007), Inconsistent correlation of layer 2A and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust, Nature, 445, 418-421, doi:10.1038/nature05517. (Pubitemid 46160907)
24. Combier, V. (2007), Mid-ocean ridge processes: Insights from 3D reflection seismics at the 9d̀N OSC on the East Pacific Rise, and the Lucky Strike Volcano on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Ph. D. thesis, Inst. de Phys. du Globe de Paris, Paris.
25. Constable, S., R. Parker, and C. Constable (1987), Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic data, Geophysics, 52 (3), 289-300.
26. de Boor, C. (2001), A Practical Guide to Splines, Appl. Math. Sci., vol. 27, Springer, New York.
27. deGroot Hedlin, C., and S. Constable (1990), Occam's inversion to generate smooth, two-dimensional models from magnetotelluric data, Geophysics, 55 (12), 1613-1624.
28. Detrick, R., P. Buhl, E. Vera, J. Mutter, J. Orcutt, J. Madsen, and T. Brocher (1987), Multi-channel seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along the East Pacific Rise, Nature, 326, 35-41, doi:10.1038/326035a0.
29. Detrick, R., H. Needham, and V. Renard (1995), Gravity anomalies and crustal thickness variations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 33d̀N and 40d̀N, J. Geophys. Res., 100 (B3), 3767-3787.
30. Dougherty, M., and R. Stephen (1988), Seismic energy partitioning in laterally heterogeneous ocean crust, Pure Appl. Geophys., 128 (1-2), 195-229.
31. Dunn, R., and D. Toomey (2001), Crack-induced seismic anisotropy in the oceanic crust across the East Pacific Rise (9d̀30'N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 189, 9-17.
32. Dunn, R. A., V. Lekic, R. S. Detrick, and D. R. Toomey (2005), Three-dimensional seismic structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (35d̀N): Evidence for focused melt supply and lower crustal dike injection, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B09101, doi:10.1029/2004JB003473. (Pubitemid 41582614)
33. Dusunur, D., J. Escartin, V. Combier, T. Seher, W. Crawford, M. Cannat, S. Singh, L. Matias, and J. Miranda (2009), Seismological constraints on the thermal structure along the Lucky Strike segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and interaction of tectonic and magmatic processes around the magma chambers, Mar. Geophys. Res., 30 (2), 105-120, doi:10.1007/s11001-009-9071-3.
34. Dziak, R. P., D. K. Smith, D. R. Bohnenstiehl, C. G. Fox, D. Desbruyeres, H. Matsumoto, M. Tolstoy, and D. J. Fornari (2004), Evidence of a recent magma dike intrusion at the slow spreading Lucky Strike segment, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B12102, doi:10.1029/2004JB003141. (Pubitemid 40294695)
35. Escartín, J., M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, and A. Rabain (2001), Crustal thickness of V-shaped ridges south of the Azores: Interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36d̀N-39d̀N) and the Azores hot spot, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (B10), 21,719-21,735.
36. Escartín, J., et al. (2008), Globally aligned photomosaic of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37d̀18.5'N): Release of georeferenced data, mosaic construction, and viewing software, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q12009, doi:10.1029/2008GC002204.
37. Fouquet, Y., H. Ondréas, J.-L. Charlou, J.-P. Donval, J. Radford-Knoery, I. Costa, N. Lourenço, and M. Tivey (1995), Atlantic lava lakes and hot vents, Nature, 377 (6546), 201.
38. Francheteau, J., R. Armijo, J. Cheminée, R. Hekinian, P. Lonsdale, and N. Blum (1990), 1 ma East Pacific Rise oceanic crust and uppermost mantle exposed by rifting in Hess Deep (equatorial Pacific Ocean), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 101, 281-295.
39. Grevemeyer, I., and A. Bartetzko (2004), Hydrothermal aging of oceanic crust: Inferences from seismic refraction and borehole studies, in Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere, pp. 128-150, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
40. Grevemeyer, I., and W. Weigel (1997), Increase of seismic velocities in upper oceanic crust: The "superfast" spreading East Pacific Rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24 (3), 217-220.
41. Harding, A. J., G. M. Kent, and J. A. Orcutt (1993), A multichannel seismic investigation of upper crustal structure at 9d̀N on the East Pacific Rise: Implications for crustal accretion, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (B8), 13,925-13,944.
42. Hashin, Z., and S. Shtrikman (1963), A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 11, 127-140.
43. Herron, T. (1982), Lava flow layer-East Pacific Rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9 (1), 17-20.
44. Hill, R. (1965), A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 13, 213-222.
45. Hobro, J. (1999), Three-dimensional tomographic inversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic traveltime data, Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U. K.
46. Hobro, J., S. Singh, and T. Minshull (2003), Three-dimensional tomographic inversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic traveltime data, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 79-93.
47. Hooft, E., H. Schouten, and R. Detrick (1996), Constraining crustal emplacement processes from the variation in seismic layer 2A thickness at the East Pacific Rise, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 142, 289-309.
48. Hooft, E., R. Detrick, D. Toomey, J. Collins, and J. Lin (2000), Crustal thickness and structure along three contrasting spreading segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 33.5d̀-35d̀N, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (B4), 8205-8226.
49. Hornby, B., L. Schwartz, and J. Hudson (1994), Anisotropic effective-medium modeling of the elastic properties of shales, Geophysics, 59 (10), 1570-1583.
50. Houtz, R., and E. Ewing (1976), Upper crustal structure as a function of plate age, J. Geophys. Res., 81 (14), 2490-2498.
51. Humphris, S., D. Fornari, D. Scheirer, C. German, and L. Parson (2002), Geotectonic setting of hydrothermal activity on the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount (37d̀17'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3 (8), 1049, doi:10.1029/2001GC000284.
52. Hung, S.-H., Y. Shen, and L.-Y. Chiao (2004), Imaging seismic velocity structure beneath the Iceland hot spot: A finite frequency approach, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B08305, doi:10.1029/2003JB002889. (Pubitemid 39428439)
53. Hussenoeder, S., R. Detrick, G. Kent, H. Schouten, and A. Harding (2002a), Fine-scale seismic structure of young upper crust at 17d̀20'S on the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (B8), 2158, doi:10.1029/2001JB001688.
54. Hussenoeder, S., G. Kent, and R. Detrick (2002b), Upper crustal seismic structure of the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35d̀N: Constraints on volcanic emplacement processes, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (B8), 2156, doi:10.1029/2001JB001691.
55. Ito, G. (2001), Reykjanes 'V'-shaped ridges originating from a pulsing and dehydrating mantle plume, Nature, 411, 681-684.
56. Jacobsen, R. (1992), Impact of crustal evolution on changes of the seismic properties of the uppermost ocean crust, Rev. Geophys., 30 (1), 23-42.
57. Jakobsen, M., J. Hudson, T. Minshull, and T. Singh (2000), Elastic properties of hydrate-bearing sediments using effective medium theory, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (B1), 561-577.
58. Jean-Baptiste, P., H. Bougault, A. Vangriesheim, J. L. Charlou, J. Radford-Knoery, Y. Fouquet, D. Needham, and C. German (1998), Mantle He in hydrothermal vents and plume of the Lucky Strike site (MAR 37d̀17'N) and associated geothermal heat flux, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 69-77.
59. Johnston, J., and N. Christensen (1997), Seismic properties of layer 2 basalts, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 285-300.
60. Johnston, J., G. Fryer, and N. Christensen (1995), Velocityporosity relationships of basalts from the East Pacific Rise, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 142, 51-59.
61. Karson, J. (1998), Internal structure of oceanic lithosphere: A perspective from tectonic windows, in Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 106, edited by W. R. Buck et al., pp. 177-218, AGU, Washington, D. C.
62. Karson, J., E. Klein, S. Hurst, C. Lee, P. Rivizzigno, D. Curewitz, A. Morris, and Hess Deep '99 Scientific Party (2002), Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3 (1), 1002, doi:10.1029/2001GC000155.
63. Kent, G., A. Harding, and J. Orcutt (1993), Distribution of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise between the Clipperton transform and 9d̀17'N Deval from forward modeling of common depth point data, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (B8), 13,945-13,969.
64. Kissling, E. (1988), Geotomography with local earthquake data, Rev. Geophys., 26 (4), 659-698.
65. Langmuir, C., et al. (1997), Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot: The Lucky Strike vent field at 37d̀N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 148, 69-91.
66. Lévěque, J.-L., L. Rivera, and G Wittlinger (1993), On the use of the checker-board test to assess the resolution of tomographic inversions, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 313-318.
67. Lucazeau, F., A. Bonneville, J. Escartin, R. P. Von Herzen, P. Gouze, H. Carton, M. Cannat, V. Vidal, and C. Adam (2006), Heat flow variations on a slowly accreting ridge: Constraints on the hydrothermal and conductive cooling for the Lucky Strike segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37d̀N), Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q07011, doi:10.1029/2005GC001178.
68. Magde, L., A. Barclay, D. Toomey, R. Detrick, and J. Collins (2000), Crustal magma plumbing within a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35d̀N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 175, 55-67.
69. Mainprice, D. (1997), Modeling the anisotropic seismic properties of partially molten rocks found at mid-ocean ridges, Tectonophysics, 279, 161-179.
70. Miranda, J. M., J. F. Luis, N. Lourenço, and F. M. Santos (2005), Identification of the magnetization low of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent using surface magnetic data, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B04103, doi:10.1029/ 2004JB003085. (Pubitemid 40965344)
71. Moreira, M., and C.-J. Allègre (2002), Rare gas systematics on Mid Atlantic Ridge (37-40d̀N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 198, 401-416.
72. Müller, R., W. Roest, J.-Y. Royer, L. Gahagan, and J. Sclater (1997), Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (B2), 3211-3214.
73. Nicolas, A., and F. Boudier (1995), Mapping oceanic ridge segments in Oman ophiolite, J. Geophys. Res., 100 (B4), 6197-6197.
74. Nicolas, A., I. Reuber, and K. Benn (1988), A new magma chamber model based on structural studies in the Oman ophiolite, Tectonophysics, 151, 87-105.
75. Nisbet, E., and C. Fowler (1978), The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 and 45d̀N: Some geophysical and petrological constraints, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 54 (3), 631-660.
76. Norris, A. (1985), A differential scheme for the effective moduli of composites, Mech. Mater., 4 (1), 1-16, doi:10.1016/0167-6636(85)90002-X. (Pubitemid 15561666)
77. Nur, A., G. Mavko, J. Dvorkin, and D. Galmudi (1998), Critical porosity: A key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks, Leading Edge, 17, 357-362, doi:10.1190/1.1437977.
78. Ondréas, H, Y. Fouquet, M. Voisset, and J. Radford-Knoery (1997), Detailed study of three contiguous segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, south of the Azores (37d̀N to 38d̀30'N), using acoustic imaging coupled with submersible observations, Mar. Geophys. Res., 19, 231-255.
79. Ondréas, H., M. Cannat, Y. Fouquet, A. Normand, P. Sarradin, and J. Sarrazin (2009), Recent volcanic events and the distribution of hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q02006, doi:10.1029/2008GC002171.
80. Parson, L., E. Gràcia, D. Coller, C. German, and D. Needham (2000), Second-order segmentation: The relationship between volcanism and tectonism at the MAR, 38d̀N-35d̀40'N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 178, 231-251.
81. Press, W., B. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. Vetterling (1992), Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN 77: The Art of Scientific Computing, vol. 1, 2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
82. Purdy, G., and R. Detrick (1986), Crustal structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23d̀N from seismic refraction studies, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (B3), 3739-3762.
83. Rohr, K., B. Milkereit, and C. Yorath (1988), Asymmetric deep crustal structure across the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geology, 16, 533-537.
84. Schouten, H., M. Tivey, D. Fornari, and J. Cochran (1999), Central anomaly magnetization high: Constraints on the volcanic construction and architecture of seismic layer 2A at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge, the EPR at 9d̀30'-50'N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 169, 37-50.
85. Seher, T., W. C. Crawford, S. C. Singh, M. Cannat, V. Combier, and D. Dusunur (2010), Crustal velocity structure of the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37d̀N from seismic refraction measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B03103, doi:10.1029/2009JB006650.
86. Shaw, P. (1994), Age variations of oceanic crust Poisson's ratio: Inversion and a porosity evolution model, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (B2), 3057-3066.
87. Shaw, P., and J. Orcutt (1985), Waveform inversion of seismic refraction data and applications to young Pacific crust, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 82, 375-414.
88. Shearer, P., and J. Orcutt (1986), Compressional and shear wave anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere-The Ngendei seismic refraction experiment, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 87, 967-1003.
89. Singh, S., W. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J. Canales, D. Düsünür, J. Escartin, and J. Miranda (2006), Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field, Nature, 442 (31), 1029-1032, doi:10.1038/nature05105. (Pubitemid 44330258)
90. Sinton, J., and R. Detrick (1992), Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers, J. Geophys. Res., 97 (B1), 197-216.
91. Smith, D., and J. Cann (1993), Building the crust at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Nature, 365, 707-715, doi:10.1038/365707a0. (Pubitemid 24420651)
92. Stephen, R. (1985), Seismic anisotropy in the upper oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res., 90 (B13), 11,383-11,396.
93. Tarantola, A. (2005), Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation, Soc. for Ind. and Appl. Math., Philadelphia, Pa.
94. Taylor, M., and S. Singh (2002), Composition and microstructure of magma bodies from effective medium theory, Geophys. J. Int., 149, 15-21.
95. Telford, W., L. Geldart, and R. Sheriff (1990), Applied Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
96. Thibaud, R., P. Gente, and M. Maia (1998), A systematic analysis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge morphology and gravity between 15d̀N and 40d̀N: Constraints of the thermal structure, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (B10), 24,223-24,243.
97. Tong, C. H., C. Lana, R. S. White, M. R. Warner, and ARAD Working Group (2005), Subsurface tectonic structure between overlapping mid-ocean ridge segments, Geology, 33 (5), 409-412, doi:10.1130/G21245.1. (Pubitemid 40706793)
98. Toomey, D., G Purdy, S. Solomon, and W. Wilcock (1990), The three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the East Pacific Rise near latitude 9d̀30'N, Nature, 347, 639-645.
99. Virieux, J., and V. Farra (1991), Ray tracing in 3-D complex isotropic media: An analysis of the problem, Geophysics, 58 (12), 2057-2069.
100. Wepfer, W., and N. Christensen (1991), A seismic velocityconfining pressure relation, with applications, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 28 (5), 451-456.
101. White, R., and R. Whitmarsh (1984), An investigation of seismic anisotropy due to cracks in the upper oceanic crust at 45d̀N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 79 (2), 439-467.
102. Yang, T., Y. Shen, S. van der Lee, S. Solomon, and S.-H. Hung (2006), Upper mantle structure beneath the Azores hotspot from finite-frequency seismic tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 250, 11-26, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07. 031. (Pubitemid 44426266)
103. Zelt, C. (1998), Lateral velocity resolution from threedimensional seismic refraction data, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 1101-1112.
104. Zelt, C. (1999), Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic traveltime data, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 183-204.