Cutaneous bacteria of the redback salamander prevent morbidity associated with a lethal disease

PLoS ONE

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2010, Pages

  Becker, Matthew H ^a   Harris, Reid N ^b  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL SHEDDING; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RESISTANCE; LETHALITY; LIMB LIFTING; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MORBIDITY; NONHUMAN; REDBACK SALAMANDER; SALAMANDER; SKIN FLORA; SYMPTOM; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANIMALS; BACTERIA; MYCOSES; SKIN; URODELA;

AMPHIBIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS; PLETHODON CINEREUS; RANA MUSCOSA; SALAMANDROIDEA;

EID: 77956197505     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010957     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD (2000) Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife: threats to biodiversity and human health. Science 287: 443-449.
2. LoGiudice K, Ostfeld RS, Schmidt KA, Keesing F (2003) The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA100: 567-571
3. Keesing F, Holt RD, Ostfeld RS (2006) Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecol Lett 9: 485-498
4. Belden LK, Harris RN (2007) Infectious diseases in wildlife: the community ecology context. Front Ecol Environ 5: 533-539
5. Webster NS, Cobb RE, Negri AP (2008) Temperature thresholds for bacterial symbiosis with a sponge. ISME J 2: 830-842
6. Ainsworth TD, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2009) Bacterial communities closely associated with coral tissues vary under experimental and natural reef conditions and thermal stress. Aquat Biol 4: 289-296
7. Skerratt LF, Berger L, Speare R, Cashins S, McDonald KR, et al. (2007) Spread of chytridiomycosis has caused the rapid global decline and extinction of frogs. EcoHealth 4: 125-134
8. Berger L, Speare R, Daszak P, Green DE, Cunningham AA, et al. (1998) Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 9031-9036
9. Rollins-Smith LA, Conlon JM (2005) Antimicrobial peptide defenses against chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibian populations. Dev Comp Immunol 29: 589-598
10. Harris RN, James TY, Lauer A, Simon MA, Patel A (2006) Amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is inhibited by the cutaneous bacteria of amphibian species. EcoHealth 3: 53-56
11. Lips KR, Reeve JD, Witters LR (2003) Ecological traits predicting amphibian population declines in Central America. Conserv Biol 17: 1078-1088
12. Retallick RW, Mccallum H, Speare R (2004) Endemic infection of the amphibian chytrid fungus in a frog community post-decline. PLoS Biol 2: e351. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020351.
13. Woodhams DC, Alford RA (2005) Ecology of chytridiomycosis in rainforest stream frog assemblages of tropical Queensland. Conserv Biol 19: 1449-1459
14. Woodhams DC, Voyles J, Lips KR, Carey C, Rollins-Smith LA (2006) Predicted disease susceptibility in a Panamanian amphibian assemblage based on skin peptide defenses. J Wildl Dis 42: 207-218
15. Woodhams DC, Rollins-Smith LA, Carey C, Reinert L, Tyler MJ, et al. (2006) Population trends associated with skin peptide defenses against chytridiomycosis in Australian frogs. Oecologia 146: 531-540
16. Harris RN, Brucker RM, Walke JB, Becker MH, Woodhams DC, et al. (2009) Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus. ISME J 3: 818-824
17. Harris RN, Lauer A, Simon MA, Banning JL, Alford RA (2009) Addition of antifungal skin bacteria to amphibians ameliorates the effects of chytridiomycosis. Dis Aquat Org 83: 11-16
18. Becker MH, Brucker RM, Schwantes CR, Harris RN, Minbiole KPC (2009) The bacterially-produced metabolite violacein is associated with survival in amphibians infected with a lethal disease. Appl Environ Microb 75: 6635-6638
19. Brucker RM, Baylor CM, Walters RL, Lauer A, Harris RN, et al. (2008) The identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an antifungal metabolite produced by cutaneous bacteria of the salamander Plethodon cinereus. J Chem Ecol 34: 39-43
20. Brucker RM, Harris RN, Schwantes CR, Gallaher TN, Flaherty DC, et al. (2008) Amphibian chemical defense: antifungal metabolites of the microsymbiont Janthinobacterium lividum on the salamander Plethodon cinereus. J Chem Ecol 34: 1422-1429
21. Woodhams DC, Vredenburg VT, Simon MA, Billheimer D, Shakhtour B, et al. (2007) Symbiotic bacteria contribute to innate immune defenses of the threatened mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa. Biol Conserv 138: 390-398
22. Austin RM (2000) Cutaneous microbial flora and antibiosis in Plethodon ventralis. In: The biology of plethodontid salamanders, Bruce RC, Jaeger RG, Houck LD, eds. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. pp 451-462
23. Lauer A, Simon MA, Banning JL, André E, Duncan K, et al. (2007) Common cutaneous bacteria from the eastern red-backed salamander can inhibit pathogenic fungi. Copeia 2007: 630-640
24. Wyngaard GA, Chinnappa CC (1982) General biology and cytology of cyc1opoids. In: Developmental biology of freshwater invertebrates, Harrison FN, Cowden RR, eds. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. pp 485-533
25. Lumsden JS, Ostland VE, Ferguson HW (1998) Use of hydrogen peroxide to treat experimentally induced bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout. J Aquat Anim Health 10: 230-240
26. Rach JJ, Schleis SM, Gaikowski M, Johnson A (2003) Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in controlling mortality associated with external columnaris on walleye and channel catfish fingerlings. N Am J Aquacult 65: 300-305
27. Russo R, Curtis EW, Yanong RPE (2007) Preliminary investigations of hydrogen peroxide treatment of selected ornamental fishes and efficacy against external bacteria and parasites in green swordtails. J Aquat Anim Health 19: 121-127
28. Woodhams DC, Alford RA, Briggs CJ, Johnson M, Rollins-Smith LA (2008) Life-history trade-offs influence disease in changing climates: strategies of an amphibian pathogen. Ecology 89: 1627-1639
29. Rollins-Smith LA, Carey C, Longcore JE, Doersam JK, Boutte A, et al. (2002) Activity of antimicrobial skin peptides from ranid frogs against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the chytrid fungus associated with global amphibian declines. Dev Comp Immunol 26: 471-479
30. Retallick RW, Miera V (2007) Strain differences in the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and non-permanent, sub-lethal effects of infection. Dis Aquat Org 75: 201-207
31. Davidson EW, Parris M, Collins JP, Longcore JE, Pessier AP, et al. (2003) Pathogenicity and transmission of chytridiomycosis in tiger salamanders (Ambylostoma tigrinum). Copeia 3: 601-607
32. Hyatt AD, Boyle DG, Olsen V, Boyle DB, Berger L, et al. (2007) Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Dis Aquat Org 73: 175-192
33. Boyle DG, Boyle DB, Olsen V, Morgan J, Hyatt AD (2004) Rapid quantitative detection of chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in amphibian samples using real-time Taqman PCR assay. Dis Aquat Org 60: 141-148
34. Carey C, Bruzgul JE, Livo LJ, Walling ML, Kuehl KA, et al. (2006) Experimental exposures of boreal toads (Bufo boreas) to a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Ecohealth 3: 5-21
35. Andre SE, Parker J, Briggs CJ (2008) Effect of temperature on host response to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa). J Wildl Dis 44: 716-720
36. Murphy PJ, St-Hilaire S, Bruer S, Corn PS, Peterson CR (2009) Distribution and pathogenicity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in boreal toads from the Grand Teton area of western Wyoming. Ecohealth 6: 109-120
37. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 3rd edition, New York: W. H. Freeman and Co.
38. Blaustein AR, Alford RA, Harris RN (2009) The value of well-designed experiments in studying diseases with special reference to amphibians. Ecohealth DOI: 10.1007/s10393-009-0266-5
39. Gil-Turnes MS, Fenical W (1992) Embryos of Homarus americanus are protected by epibiotic bacteria. Biol Bull 182: 105-108
40. Currie CR, Scott JA, Summerbell RC, Malloch D (1999) Fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing bacteria to control garden parasites. Nature 398: 701-704
41. Kaltenpoth M, Gottler W, Herzner G, Strohm E (2005) Symbiotic bacteria protect wasp larvae from fungal infestation. Curr Biol 15: 475-479
42. Scott JJ, Oh DC, Yuceer MC, Klepzig KD, Clardy J, et al. (2008) Bacterial protection of beetle-fungus mutualism. Science 322: 63.
43. Kennedy MJ, Volz PA (1985) Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization, and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism. Infect Immun 49: 654-663
44. Chan RCY, Reid G, Irvin RT, Bruce AW, Costerton JW (1985) Competitive exclusion of uropathogens from human uroepithelial cells by Lactobacillus whole cells and cell wall fragments. Infect Immun 47: 84-89
45. Boskey ER, Telsch KM, Whaley KJ, Moench TR, Cone RA (1999) Acid production by vaginal flora in vitro is consistent with the rate and extent of vaginal acidification. Infect Immun 67: 5170-5175
46. Matousek JL, Campbell LK (2002) A comparative review of cutaneous pH. Vet Dermatol 13: 293-300
47. Brook I (1999) Bacterial interference. Cr Rev Microbiol 25: 155-172
48. Wilson M (2005) Role of the indigenous microbiota in maintaining human health. In: Microbial inhabitants of humans: their ecology and role in health and disease, New York: Cambridge University Press. pp 375-394
49. Pessier AP (2002) An overview of amphibian skin disease. Semin Avian Exot Pet 11: 162-174
50. Berger L, Hyatt AD, Speare R, Longcore JE (2005) Life cycle stages of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Dis Aquat Org 68: 51-63
51. Longcore JE, Pessier AP, Nichols DK (1999) Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91: 219-227