-
1
-
-
0033384124
-
The genetic basis of inbreeding depression
-
Charlesworth B, Charlesworth D. The genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Genet Res 1999; 74:329-340.
-
(1999)
Genet Res
, vol.74
, pp. 329-340
-
-
Charlesworth, B.1
Charlesworth, D.2
-
2
-
-
0018805552
-
Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulates
-
Ralls K, Brugger K, Ballou J. Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulates. Science 1979; 206:1101-1103.
-
(1979)
Science
, vol.206
, pp. 1101-1103
-
-
Ralls, K.1
Brugger, K.2
Ballou, J.3
-
3
-
-
0034702748
-
Inbreeding depression influences lifetime breeding success in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus)
-
Slate J, Kruuk LEB, Marshall TC, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH. Inbreeding depression influences lifetime breeding success in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2000; 267:1657-1662.
-
(2000)
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
, vol.267
, pp. 1657-1662
-
-
Slate, J.1
Kruuk, L.E.B.2
Marshall, T.C.3
Pemberton, J.M.4
Clutton-Brock, T.H.5
-
4
-
-
0032859759
-
Parasite-mediated selection against inbred Soay sheep in a free-living, island population
-
Coltman DW, Pilkington JG, Smith JA, Pemberton JM. Parasite-mediated selection against inbred Soay sheep in a free-living, island population. Evolution 1999; 53:1259-1267.
-
(1999)
Evolution
, vol.53
, pp. 1259-1267
-
-
Coltman, D.W.1
Pilkington, J.G.2
Smith, J.A.3
Pemberton, J.M.4
-
6
-
-
0032492181
-
Inbreeding, fluctuating asymmetry, and ejaculate quality in an endangered ungulate
-
Roldan ERS, Cassinello J, Abaigar T, Gomendio M. Inbreeding, fluctuating asymmetry, and ejaculate quality in an endangered ungulate. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1998; 265:243-248.
-
(1998)
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
, vol.265
, pp. 243-248
-
-
Roldan, E.R.S.1
Cassinello, J.2
Abaigar, T.3
Gomendio, M.4
-
7
-
-
0034616504
-
A comparative study of ejaculate traits in three endangered ungulates with different levels of inbreeding: Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of reproductive and genetic stress
-
Gomendio M, Cassinello J, Roldan ERS. A comparative study of ejaculate traits in three endangered ungulates with different levels of inbreeding: fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of reproductive and genetic stress. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2000; 267:875-882.
-
(2000)
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
, vol.267
, pp. 875-882
-
-
Gomendio, M.1
Cassinello, J.2
Roldan, E.R.S.3
-
8
-
-
34547827999
-
Relationship of inbreeding with sperm quality and reproductive success in Mexican gray wolves
-
Asa C, Miller P, Agnew M, Rebolledo JAR, Lindsey SL, Callahan M, Bauman K. Relationship of inbreeding with sperm quality and reproductive success in Mexican gray wolves. Anim Conserv 2007; 10: 326-331.
-
(2007)
Anim Conserv
, vol.10
, pp. 326-331
-
-
Asa, C.1
Miller, P.2
Agnew, M.3
Rebolledo, J.A.R.4
Lindsey, S.L.5
Callahan, M.6
Bauman, K.7
-
9
-
-
0023466511
-
Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations
-
Wildt DE, Bush M, Goodrowe KL, Packer C, Pusey AE, Brown JL, Joslin P, O'Brien SJ. Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations. Nature 1987; 329:328-331.
-
(1987)
Nature
, vol.329
, pp. 328-331
-
-
Wildt, D.E.1
Bush, M.2
Goodrowe, K.L.3
Packer, C.4
Pusey, A.E.5
Brown, J.L.6
Joslin, P.7
O'Brien, S.J.8
-
10
-
-
0028103291
-
Reproductive characteristics of male Florida Panthers; comparative studies from Florida, Texas, Colorado, Latin America, and North American Zoos
-
Barone MA, Roelke ME, Howard J, Brown JL, Anderson AE, Wildt DE. Reproductive characteristics of male Florida Panthers; comparative studies from Florida, Texas, Colorado, Latin America, and North American Zoos. J Mammal 1994; 75:150-162.
-
(1994)
J Mammal
, vol.75
, pp. 150-162
-
-
Barone, M.A.1
Roelke, M.E.2
Howard, J.3
Brown, J.L.4
Anderson, A.E.5
Wildt, D.E.6
-
11
-
-
33644995248
-
Reduced heterozygosity depresses sperm quality in wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus
-
Gage MJG, Surridge AK, Tomkins JL, Green E, Wiskin L, Bell DJ, Hewitt GM. Reduced heterozygosity depresses sperm quality in wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Curr Biol 2006; 16:612-617.
-
(2006)
Curr Biol
, vol.16
, pp. 612-617
-
-
Gage, M.J.G.1
Surridge, A.K.2
Tomkins, J.L.3
Green, E.4
Wiskin, L.5
Bell, D.J.6
Hewitt, G.M.7
-
12
-
-
66149101200
-
Reduced heterozygosity impairs sperm quality in endangered mammals
-
Fitzpatrick JL, Evans JP. Reduced heterozygosity impairs sperm quality in endangered mammals. Biol Lett 2009; 5:320-323.
-
(2009)
Biol Lett
, vol.5
, pp. 320-323
-
-
Fitzpatrick, J.L.1
Evans, J.P.2
-
13
-
-
84882929929
-
Sperm and conservation
-
Birkhead TR, Hosken DJ, Pitnick S (eds.), London: Academic Press
-
Roldan ERS, Gomendio M. Sperm and conservation. In: Birkhead TR, Hosken DJ, Pitnick S (eds.), Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective. London: Academic Press; 2008:539-564.
-
(2008)
Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective
, pp. 539-564
-
-
Roldan, E.R.S.1
Gomendio, M.2
-
14
-
-
0036244487
-
The effects of inbreeding on testicular sperm concentration in Peromyscus polionotus
-
Margulis SW, Walsh A. The effects of inbreeding on testicular sperm concentration in Peromyscus polionotus. Reprod Fertil Dev 2002; 14:63-67.
-
(2002)
Reprod Fertil Dev
, vol.14
, pp. 63-67
-
-
Margulis, S.W.1
Walsh, A.2
-
15
-
-
20444484626
-
Effect of inbreeding and heritability of sperm competition success in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini
-
Konior M, Keller L, Radwan J. Effect of inbreeding and heritability of sperm competition success in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini. Heredity 2005; 94:577-581.
-
(2005)
Heredity
, vol.94
, pp. 577-581
-
-
Konior, M.1
Keller, L.2
Radwan, J.3
-
16
-
-
33744917563
-
Differences in reproductive success between laboratory and wild-derived golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as a consequence of inbreeding
-
Fritzsche P, Neumann K, Nasdal K, Gattermann R. Differences in reproductive success between laboratory and wild-derived golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as a consequence of inbreeding. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006; 60:220-226.
-
(2006)
Behav Ecol Sociobiol
, vol.60
, pp. 220-226
-
-
Fritzsche, P.1
Neumann, K.2
Nasdal, K.3
Gattermann, R.4
-
17
-
-
66149127722
-
Experimental evidence that high levels of inbreeding depress sperm competitiveness
-
Zajitschek SR, Lindholm AK, Evans JP, Brooks RC. Experimental evidence that high levels of inbreeding depress sperm competitiveness. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1338-1345.
-
(2009)
J Evol Biol
, vol.22
, pp. 1338-1345
-
-
Zajitschek, S.R.1
Lindholm, A.K.2
Evans, J.P.3
Brooks, R.C.4
-
18
-
-
0034758449
-
Oxidative stress, DNA damage and the Y chromosome
-
Aitken RJ, Krausz C. Oxidative stress, DNA damage and the Y chromosome. Reproduction 2001; 122:497-506.
-
(2001)
Reproduction
, vol.122
, pp. 497-506
-
-
Aitken, R.J.1
Krausz, C.2
-
19
-
-
0346849777
-
Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm
-
Singh NP, Muller CH, Berger RE. Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertil Steril 2003; 80:1420-1430.
-
(2003)
Fertil Steril
, vol.80
, pp. 1420-1430
-
-
Singh, N.P.1
Muller, C.H.2
Berger, R.E.3
-
21
-
-
27944478245
-
DNA damage to spermatozoa has impacts on fertilization and pregnancy
-
Lewis SEM, Aitken RJ. DNA damage to spermatozoa has impacts on fertilization and pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 322:33-41.
-
(2005)
Cell Tissue Res
, vol.322
, pp. 33-41
-
-
Lewis, S.E.M.1
Aitken, R.J.2
-
22
-
-
33644519981
-
DNA damage in bovine sperm does not block fertilization and early embryonic development but induces apoptosis after first cleavage
-
Fatehi AN, Bevers MM, Schoevers E, Roelen BAJ, Colenbrander B, Gadella BM. DNA damage in bovine sperm does not block fertilization and early embryonic development but induces apoptosis after first cleavage. J Androl 2006; 27:176-188.
-
(2006)
J Androl
, vol.27
, pp. 176-188
-
-
Fatehi, A.N.1
Bevers, M.M.2
Schoevers, E.3
Roelen, B.A.J.4
Colenbrander, B.5
Gadella, B.M.6
-
23
-
-
47849088190
-
Sperm chromatin structure assay parameters are not related to fertilization rates, embryo quality, and pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, but might be related to spontaneous abortion rates
-
Lin MH, Kuo-Kuang Lee R, Li SH, Lu CH, Sun FJ, Hwu YM. Sperm chromatin structure assay parameters are not related to fertilization rates, embryo quality, and pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, but might be related to spontaneous abortion rates. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:352-359.
-
(2008)
Fertil Steril
, vol.90
, pp. 352-359
-
-
Lin, M.H.1
Kuo-Kuang Lee, R.2
Li, S.H.3
Lu, C.H.4
Sun, F.J.5
Hwu, Y.M.6
-
24
-
-
0036118372
-
p53-Dependent S-phase damage check-point and pronuclear cross talk in mouse zygotes with X-irradiated sperm
-
Shimura T, Inoue M, Taga M, Shiraishi K, Uematsu N, Takei N, Yuan ZM, Shinohara T, Niwa O. p53-Dependent S-phase damage check-point and pronuclear cross talk in mouse zygotes with X-irradiated sperm. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:2220-2228.
-
(2002)
Mol Cell Biol
, vol.22
, pp. 2220-2228
-
-
Shimura, T.1
Inoue, M.2
Taga, M.3
Shiraishi, K.4
Uematsu, N.5
Takei, N.6
Yuan, Z.M.7
Shinohara, T.8
Niwa, O.9
-
25
-
-
0031768343
-
Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence of genomic integrity of human spermatozoa
-
Aitken RJ, Gordon E, Harkiss D, Twigg JP, Milne P, Jennings Z, Irvine DS. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence of genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:1037-1046.
-
(1998)
Biol Reprod
, vol.59
, pp. 1037-1046
-
-
Aitken, R.J.1
Gordon, E.2
Harkiss, D.3
Twigg, J.P.4
Milne, P.5
Jennings, Z.6
Irvine, D.S.7
-
26
-
-
22544437838
-
On the nature and origin of DNA strand breaks in elongating spermatids
-
Laberge RM, Boissonault G. On the nature and origin of DNA strand breaks in elongating spermatids. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:289-296.
-
(2005)
Biol Reprod
, vol.73
, pp. 289-296
-
-
Laberge, R.M.1
Boissonault, G.2
-
27
-
-
33745476745
-
Advancing age has differential effects on DNA damage, chromatin integrity, gene mutations, and aneuploidies in sperm
-
Wyrobeck AJ, Eskenazi R, Young S, Arnheim N, Tienmann-Boege I, Jabs EW, Glaser RL, Pearson FS, Evenson D. Advancing age has differential effects on DNA damage, chromatin integrity, gene mutations, and aneuploidies in sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:9601-9606.
-
(2006)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.103
, pp. 9601-9606
-
-
Wyrobeck, A.J.1
Eskenazi, R.2
Young, S.3
Arnheim, N.4
Tienmann-Boege, I.5
Jabs, E.W.6
Glaser, R.L.7
Pearson, F.S.8
Evenson, D.9
-
28
-
-
84897397564
-
Redox regulation of DNA damage in the male germ line
-
Anderson D, Brinkworth M (eds.), Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
-
Aitken RJ, Roman SD, Baker MA, De Iuliis G. Redox regulation of DNA damage in the male germ line. In: Anderson D, Brinkworth M (eds.), Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2007:197-209.
-
(2007)
Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity
, pp. 197-209
-
-
Aitken, R.J.1
Roman, S.D.2
Baker, M.A.3
De Iuliis, G.4
-
29
-
-
0035796042
-
Homologous recombinational repair of DNA ensures mammalian chromosome stability
-
Thompson LH, Schild D. Homologous recombinational repair of DNA ensures mammalian chromosome stability. Mutat Res 2001; 477:131-153.
-
(2001)
Mutat Res
, vol.477
, pp. 131-153
-
-
Thompson, L.H.1
Schild, D.2
-
30
-
-
68349133821
-
-
Version World Wide Web (October 6, 2009)
-
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2009. World Wide Web (URL: http://www.iucnredlist.org). (October 6, 2009).
-
(2009)
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
-
-
-
31
-
-
62849092185
-
Pedigrees and microsatellites among endangered ungulates: What do they tell us?
-
Ruiz-López MJ, Roldan ERS, Espeso G, Gomendio M. Pedigrees and microsatellites among endangered ungulates: what do they tell us? Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1352-1364.
-
(2009)
Mol Ecol
, vol.18
, pp. 1352-1364
-
-
Ruiz-López, M.J.1
Roldan, E.R.S.2
Espeso, G.3
Gomendio, M.4
-
35
-
-
0021058924
-
Computation of inbreeding and kinship coefficients on extended pedigrees
-
Boyce AJ. Computation of inbreeding and kinship coefficients on extended pedigrees. J Hered 1983; 74:400-404.
-
(1983)
J Hered
, vol.74
, pp. 400-404
-
-
Boyce, A.J.1
-
36
-
-
0038299234
-
Sperm cryopreservation in three species of endangered gazelles (Gazella cuvieri, G. dama mhorr, and G. dorcas neglecta)
-
Garde JJ, Soler AJ, Cassinello J, Crespo C, Malo AF, Espeso G, Gomendio A, Roldan ERS. Sperm cryopreservation in three species of endangered gazelles (Gazella cuvieri, G. dama mhorr, and G. dorcas neglecta). Biol Reprod 2003; 69:602-611.
-
(2003)
Biol Reprod
, vol.69
, pp. 602-611
-
-
Garde, J.J.1
Soler, A.J.2
Cassinello, J.3
Crespo, C.4
Malo, A.F.5
Espeso, G.6
Gomendio, A.7
Roldan, E.R.S.8
-
37
-
-
0035665312
-
Sperm chromatin structure assay: Its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with other techniques
-
Evenson DP, Larson KT, Jost JK. Sperm chromatin structure assay: its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with other techniques. J Androl 2002; 23:25-43.
-
(2002)
J Androl
, vol.23
, pp. 25-43
-
-
Evenson, D.P.1
Larson, K.T.2
Jost, J.K.3
-
38
-
-
38449115491
-
Analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and other techniques
-
Roldan ERS, Gomendio M (eds.), Nottingham, U.K.: Nottingham University Press
-
Evenson DP, Kasperson K, Wixon RL. Analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and other techniques. In: Roldan ERS, Gomendio M (eds.), Spermatology. Nottingham, U.K.: Nottingham University Press; 2007:93-113.
-
(2007)
Spermatology
, pp. 93-113
-
-
Evenson, D.P.1
Kasperson, K.2
Wixon, R.L.3
-
39
-
-
32844468458
-
Clinical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation detection and male infertility
-
Evenson DP, Wixon R. Clinical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation detection and male infertility. Theriogenology 2006; 65:979-991.
-
(2006)
Theriogenology
, vol.65
, pp. 979-991
-
-
Evenson, D.P.1
Wixon, R.2
-
40
-
-
33748530408
-
Assessment of chromatin status (SCSA®) in epididymal and ejaculated sperm in Iberian red deer, ram and domestic dog
-
García-Macías V, Martinez-Pastor F, Alvarez M, Garde JJ, Anel E, Anel L, de Paz P. Assessment of chromatin status (SCSA®) in epididymal and ejaculated sperm in Iberian red deer, ram and domestic dog. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1921-1930.
-
(2006)
Theriogenology
, vol.66
, pp. 1921-1930
-
-
García-Macías, V.1
Martinez-Pastor, F.2
Alvarez, M.3
Garde, J.J.4
Anel, E.5
Anel, L.6
De Paz, P.7
-
42
-
-
0033978572
-
DNA integrity in human spermatozoa: Relationship with semen quality
-
Irvine DS, Twigg JP, Gordon EL, Fulton N, Milne PA, Aitken RJ. DNA integrity in human spermatozoa: relationship with semen quality. J Androl 2000; 21:33-44.
-
(2000)
J Androl
, vol.21
, pp. 33-44
-
-
Irvine, D.S.1
Twigg, J.P.2
Gordon, E.L.3
Fulton, N.4
Milne, P.A.5
Aitken, R.J.6
-
43
-
-
0242267083
-
Normospermic versus teratospermic domestic cat sperm chromatin integrity evaluated by flow cytometry and intracytoplasmic sperm injection
-
Penfold LM, Jost L, Evenson DP, Wildt DE. Normospermic versus teratospermic domestic cat sperm chromatin integrity evaluated by flow cytometry and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Biol Reprod 2003; 69: 1730-1735.
-
(2003)
Biol Reprod
, vol.69
, pp. 1730-1735
-
-
Penfold, L.M.1
Jost, L.2
Evenson, D.P.3
Wildt, D.E.4
-
44
-
-
0027584177
-
Zincsilicon interactions influencing sperm chromatin integrity and testicular cell development in the rat as measured by flow cytometry
-
Evenson DP, Emerick RJ, Jost LK, Kayongo-Male H, Steward SR. Zincsilicon interactions influencing sperm chromatin integrity and testicular cell development in the rat as measured by flow cytometry. J Anim Sci 1993; 71:955-962.
-
(1993)
J Anim Sci
, vol.71
, pp. 955-962
-
-
Evenson, D.P.1
Emerick, R.J.2
Jost, L.K.3
Kayongo-Male, H.4
Steward, S.R.5
-
45
-
-
0028935840
-
Effects of Xirradiation on mouse testicular cells and sperm chromatin structure
-
Sailer BL, Jost LK, Erickson KR, Tajiran MA, Evenson DP. Effects of Xirradiation on mouse testicular cells and sperm chromatin structure. Environ Mol Mutagen 1995; 25:23-30.
-
(1995)
Environ Mol Mutagen
, vol.25
, pp. 23-30
-
-
Sailer, B.L.1
Jost, L.K.2
Erickson, K.R.3
Tajiran, M.A.4
Evenson, D.P.5
-
46
-
-
0030712465
-
Chromatin structural changes in sperm after social insulation of Holstein bulls
-
Karabinus DS, Vogler CJ, Saacke RG, Evenson DP. Chromatin structural changes in sperm after social insulation of Holstein bulls. J Androl 1997; 18:549-555.
-
(1997)
J Androl
, vol.18
, pp. 549-555
-
-
Karabinus, D.S.1
Vogler, C.J.2
Saacke, R.G.3
Evenson, D.P.4
-
47
-
-
33745289785
-
Sperm design and sperm function
-
Malo AF, Gomendio M, Garde J, Lang-Lenton B, Soler AJ, Roldan ERS. Sperm design and sperm function. Biol Lett 2006; 2:246-249.
-
(2006)
Biol Lett
, vol.2
, pp. 246-249
-
-
Malo, A.F.1
Gomendio, M.2
Garde, J.3
Lang-Lenton, B.4
Soler, A.J.5
Roldan, E.R.S.6
-
48
-
-
75149161556
-
Paternal DNA packaging in spermatozoa: More than the sum of its parts? DNA, histones, protamines and epigenetics
-
Miller D, Brinkworth M, Iles D. Paternal DNA packaging in spermatozoa: more than the sum of its parts? DNA, histones, protamines and epigenetics. Reproduction 2010; 139:287-301.
-
(2010)
Reproduction
, vol.139
, pp. 287-301
-
-
Miller, D.1
Brinkworth, M.2
Iles, D.3
-
49
-
-
0033973324
-
Sperm chromatin damage impairs human fertility
-
Spano M, Bonde J, Hjollund HI, Kolstatd HA, Cordelli E, Leter G. Sperm chromatin damage impairs human fertility. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:43-50.
-
(2000)
Fertil Steril
, vol.73
, pp. 43-50
-
-
Spano, M.1
Bonde, J.2
Hjollund, H.I.3
Kolstatd, H.A.4
Cordelli, E.5
Leter, G.6
-
50
-
-
0023936908
-
The sperm chromatin structure assay relationship with alternate testes of semen quality and heterospermic performance of bulls
-
Ballachey BE, Evenson DP, Saacke RG. The sperm chromatin structure assay relationship with alternate testes of semen quality and heterospermic performance of bulls. J Androl 1988; 9:109-115.
-
(1988)
J Androl
, vol.9
, pp. 109-115
-
-
Ballachey, B.E.1
Evenson, D.P.2
Saacke, R.G.3
-
51
-
-
0000207413
-
Flow cytometric evaluation of boar semen by the sperm chromatin structure assay as related to cryopreservation and fertility
-
Evenson DP, Thompson L, Jost L. Flow cytometric evaluation of boar semen by the sperm chromatin structure assay as related to cryopreservation and fertility. Theriogenology 1994; 41:637-651.
-
(1994)
Theriogenology
, vol.41
, pp. 637-651
-
-
Evenson, D.P.1
Thompson, L.2
Jost, L.3
-
52
-
-
0036568655
-
Inbreeding effects in wild populations
-
Keller LF, Waller DM. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends Ecol Evol 2002; 17:230-241.
-
(2002)
Trends Ecol Evol
, vol.17
, pp. 230-241
-
-
Keller, L.F.1
Waller, D.M.2
-
53
-
-
33644874277
-
Heterozygosity, inbreeding and neonatal traits in Soay sheep in St. Kilda
-
Overall ADJ, Byrne KA, Pilkington JG, Pemberton JM. Heterozygosity, inbreeding and neonatal traits in Soay sheep in St. Kilda. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:3383-3393.
-
(2005)
Mol Ecol
, vol.14
, pp. 3383-3393
-
-
Overall, A.D.J.1
Byrne, K.A.2
Pilkington, J.G.3
Pemberton, J.M.4
|