Mutant Bacteriophages, Frank Macfarlane Burnet, and the Changing Nature of "Genespeak" in the 1930s

Journal of the History of Biology

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 571-599

  Sankaran, Neeraja ^a  

^a The American University in Cairo   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Bacterial mutation; Bacteriophage; Gene concept; Lysogeny; Mutations; Virus

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIOPHAGE; GENETICS; HISTORY; HUMAN; LYSOGENIZATION; MUTATION; VIROLOGY;

BACTERIOPHAGES; GENETICS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; LYSOGENY; MUTATION; VIROLOGY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 77956010919     PISSN: 00225010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10739-009-9201-4     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abir-Am, Pnina. 1999. "The First American and French Commemorations in Molecular Biology: From Collective Memory to Comparative History." Osiris 14: 324-372.
2. Arkwright, J. A. 1930. "Variation." Medical Research Council (ed.), A System of Bacteriology in Relation to Medicine, Vol. 1. London: His Majesty"s Stationery Office, pp. 311-374.
3. Avery, OT, MacLeod, C, McCarty, M. 1944. "Studies on the Chemical Transformation of Pneumococcal Types." Journal of Experimental Medicine 79: 137-158.
4. Beadle, GW. 1945. "Biochemical Genetics." Chemical Reviews 37: 15-96.
5. Bordet, J. 1922. "Concerning the Theories of the So-Called Bacteriophage." British Medical Journal 296.
6. Bordet, J, Ciuca, M. 1921. "Remarques sur l'historique des recherches concernant la lyse microbienne transmissible.' Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses filiales Paris 84: 745-747.
7. Boveri, T. 1903. "Über die Konstitution der chromatischen Kernsubstanz." Verh. D. Zool. Ges. 13.
8. Burnet, FM. 1925. "The Nature of the Acquired Resistance to Bacteriophage Action." Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 28: 407-418.
9. Burnet, FM. 1927a. "The Relationships Between Heat-Stable Agglutinogens and Sensitivity to Bacteriophage in the Salmonella Group." British Journal of Experimental Medicine 8: 121-129.
10. Burnet, F. M. 1927b. Letter to Linda Druce dated November, 1927, Burnet Collection, University of Melbourne Archives, Series 2, file 10.
11. Burnet, F. M. 1928. Bacteriophage Phenomena in Their Relation to the Antigenic Structure of Bacteria. Ph. D. Thesis, London University.
12. Burnet, FM. 1929. "A Method for Studying Bacteriophage Multiplication in Broth." The British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10: 109-115.
13. Burnet, F. M. 1930. "Bacteriophage and Cognate Phenomena." In A System of Bacteriology in Relation to Medicine. London: His Majesty's Stationery office. pp. 463-509.
14. Burnet, F. M. 1934. "The bacteriophages." Biological Reviews and Biological Proceedings (of the Cambridge Philosophical Society), pp. 332-350.
15. Burnet, FM. 1945. Virus as Organism: Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Some Human Virus Diseases. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
16. Burnet, FM. 1968. Changing Patterns: An Atypical Autobiography. Melbourne, Australia: Heinemann.
17. Burnet, FM, Lush, D. 1935. "The Staphylococcal Bacteriophages." Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 40: 455-469.
18. Burnet, FM, Lush, D. 1936. "Induced Lysogenicity and Mutation of Bacteriophage within Lysogenic Bacteria." Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 14: 27-38.
19. Burnet, FM, McKie, M. 1929a. "Type Differences among Staphylococcal Bacteriophages." Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 6: 21-31.
20. Burnet, FM, McKie, M. 1929b. "Observations on a Permanently Lysogenic Strain of B. enteritidis gaertner." Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 6: 277-284.
21. Cairns, John, Stent, Gunther S, Watson, James D (eds.). 1968. Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology. Cold Spring Harbor: CSHL Press.
22. Cohn, Melvin. 1979. "Burnet, Lysogeny and Creativity." The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Annual Review, 1978-79, pp. 9-13.
23. Creager, Angela. 2002. The Life of a Virus: Tobacco Mosaic Virus as an Experimental Model, 1930-1965. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Creager, Angela. 2007. "Adaptation or Selection? Old Issues and New Stakes in the Postwar Debates over Bacterial Drug Resistance." Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 38: 159-190.
25. Dobell, C. 1913a. "Some Recent Work on Mutation in Micro-Organisms (I)." Journal of Genetics 2: 201-220.
26. Dobell, C. 1913b. "Some Recent Work on Mutation in Micro-Organisms: II. Mutations in Bacteria." Journal of Genetics 2: 325-350.
27. Falk, Raphael. 1986. "What is a Gene?" Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 17: 133-173.
28. Fenner, Frank and Ada, Gordon. 2003. Personal Communication.
29. Galperin, Charles. 1987. "Le bactériophage, la lysogénie, et son déterminisme génétique." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 9: 175-224.
30. Gratia, André. 1936. "Mutation d'un bacteriophage du Bacillus megatherium." Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses filiales Paris 123: 1253-1255.
31. Gratia, Jean-Pierre. 2000. "André Gratia: A Forerunner in Microbial and Viral Genetics.' Genetics 156: 471-476.
32. Griffiths, Paul E. 2002. "Lost: One Gene Concept. Reward to Finder." Biology and Philosophy 17: 271-283.
33. D'Herelle, F. 1917. "Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysentériques." Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Paris 165: 373-375.
34. D'Herelle, F. 1928/29. "The Nature of the Ultra Filterable Viruses." Harvey Lectures Series 24, 45-71.
35. D'Herelle, F, Rakieten, TL. 1934. "Mutations as Governing Bacterial Characters and Serologic Reactions." Journal of Infectious Disease 54: 313-338.
36. Hughes, Sally Smith. 1977. The Virus: A History of the Concept. New York: Science History Publications.
37. Johannsen, W. 1909. Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre. Jena: G. Fischer.
38. Lederberg, J (ed.). 1952. Papers in Microbial Genetics: Bacteria and Bacterial Viruses. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
39. Lederberg, J. (ed.). 1992. "Rummaging in the Attic: Antiquarian Ideas of Transmissible Heredity, 1880-1940." ASM News 58(5): 261-265.
40. Lederberg, Joshua, Tatum, Edward L. 1946. "Gene Recombination Escherichia coli." Nature 158: 558.
41. Luria, S. E. 1946. "Spontaneous Bacterial Mutations to Resistance to Antibacterial Agents." Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology 11: 130-138.
42. Luria, SE, Delbrück, M. 1943. "Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance." Genetics 28: 491-511.
43. Lwoff, André, Siminovitch, Louis, Kjeldgaard, Niels. 1950. "Induction de la production de bactériophages chez une bactérie lysogène." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 79: 815-859.
44. Morgan, Thomas Hunt, Sturtevant, Alfred H, Muller, HJ, Bridges, CB. 1915. The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity. New York: Henry Holt.
45. Northrop, JH. 1937. "Chemical Nature and Mode of Formation of Pepsin, Trypsin and Bacteriophage." Science 86: 479-483.
46. Portin, Petter. 1993. "The Concept of the Gene: Short History and Present Status." Quarterly Review of Biology 68: 173-223.
47. Portin, Petter. 2002. "Historical Development of the Concept of the Gene." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 27: 257-286.
48. Raettig, Hansjürgen. 1958. Bakteriophagie, 1917 bis 1956; zugleich ein Vorschlag zur Dokumentation wissenschaftlicher Literatur. Stuttgart: G. Fischer.
49. Raffel, D, Muller, HJ. 1940. "Position Effect and Gene Divisibility Considered in Connection with Three Strikingly Similar Scute Mutations." Genetics 25: 541-583.
50. Rheinberger, H-J. 1997. Toward a History of Epistemic Things: Synthesizing Proteins in a Test Tube. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
51. Rutherford, E., et al. 1929. "Discussion on Ultra-Microscopic Viruses Infecting Animals and Plants." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 104: 537-560.
52. Sankaran, N. 2006. Frank Macfarlane Burnet and the Nature of the Bacteriophage, 1925-1937. Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University.
53. Sankaran, N. 2008. "Stepping-Stones to One-Step Growth: Frank Macfarlane Burnet's Role in Elucidating the Viral Nature of the Bacteriophages." Historical Records of Australian Science 19: 83-100.
54. Schultz, EW. 1930. "The Ultrascopic Viruses from the Biological Standpoint." The Scientific Monthly 31: 422-433.
55. Summers, WC. 1991. "From Culture as Organism to Organism as Cell: Historical Origins of Bacterial Genetics." Journal of the History of Biology 24: 171-190.
56. Sutton, Walter. 1903. "The Chromosomes in Heredity." The Biological Bulletin 4: 231-251.
57. Timoféeff-Ressovsky, NW, Zimmer, KG, Delbrück, M. 1935. "über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur." Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse) 1: 189-245.
58. Twort, FW. 1915. "An Investigation on the Nature of Ultra-Microscopic Viruses." The Lancet ii: 1241-1243.
59. van Helvoort, T. 1992. "The Controversy Between John H. Northrop and Max Delbrück on the Formation of Bacteriophage: Bacterial Synthesis or Autonomous Multiplication?' Annals of Science 49: 545-575.
60. van Helvoort, T. 1994a. "History of Virus Research in the Twentieth Century: the Problem of Conceptual Continuity." History of Science 32: 185-235.
61. van Helvoort, T. 1994b. "The Construction of Bacteriophage as Bacterial Virus: Linking Endogenous and Exogenous Thought Styles." Journal of the History of Biology 27: 91-139.
62. Varley, A. W. 1981. Early Bacteriophage Research: The Contribution of Frank Macfarlane Burnet. Master"s Thesis, University of Kansas.
63. Varley, A. W. 1986. Living Molecules or Autocatalytic Enzymes? The Controversy of the Nature of the Bacteriophage, 1915-1925. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Kansas.
64. Waterson, AP, Wilkinson, L. 1978. An Introduction to the History of Virology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65. Watson, J. 1968. The Double Helix; a Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA. New York: Atheneum.
66. Wollman, Eugene. 1935. "The Phenomenon of Twort-d'Herelle and Its Significance." Lancet 226: 1312-1314.