Single-photon avalanche diode CMOS sensor for time-resolved fluorescence measurements

IEEE Sensors Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1084-1090

  Stoppa, David ^a   Mosconi, Daniel ^a   Pancheri, Lucio ^a   Gonzo, Lorenzo ^a  

^a ITC IRST   (Italy)

Author keywords

CMOS; Fluorescence lifetime; Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD); Time gating

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE-QUENCHING CIRCUITS; CMOS; CMOS SENSORS; DARK COUNT RATE; DIGITAL CONTROL; DIGITAL EVENTS; DYNAMIC RANGE; EXCITATION LASERS; FLUORESCENCE DECAYS; FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME; ON CHIPS; PIXEL ARRAYS; PROGRAMMABILITY; SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; TIME-GATING; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS;

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS; DIODES; FLUORESCENCE; LASER EXCITATION; PARTICLE BEAMS; PHOTONS; PIXELS; QUANTUM DOT LASERS;

AVALANCHE DIODES;

EID: 77955997046     PISSN: 1530437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2025581     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. J. R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
2. R. Cubeddu, D. Comelli, C. D'Andrea, P. Taroni, and G. Valentini, "Time-resolved fluorescence imaging in biology and medicine," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., no. 35, pp. R61-R76, 2002. (Pubitemid 34520104)
3. M. Straub and S. W. Hell, "Fluorescence lifetime three-dimensional microscopy with picosecond precision using a multifocal multiphoton microscope," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 73, no. 13, pp. 1769-1771, 1998. (Pubitemid 128671976)
4. H. Eltoukhy, K. Salama, A. El Gamal, M. Ronaghi, and R. Davis, "A 0.18 um CMOS 1E-6 lux bioluminescence detection system-on-chip," in Proc. ISSCC, Feb. 2004, pp. 222-223.
5. G. Patounakis, K. L. Shepard, and R. Levicky, "Active CMOS array sensor for time-resolved fluorescence detection," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 2521-2530, Nov. 2006. (Pubitemid 44711609)
6. K. K. Ng, Complete Guide to Semiconductor Devices. New York: Wiley, 2002.
7. A. Rochas, M. Gani, B. Furrer, P. A. Besse, R. S. Popovic, G. Ribordy, and N. Gisin, "Single photon detector fabricated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor high-voltage technology," Rev. Scientific Instruments, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 3263-3270, 2003.
8. F. Zappa, S. Tisa, A. Gulinatti, A. Gallivanoni, and S. Cova, "Monolithic CMOS detector module for photon counting and picosecond timing," in IEEE Proc. ESSDERC, 2004, pp. 341-344. (Pubitemid 40566552)
9. C. L. Niclass, A. Rochas, P. A. Besse, and E. Charbon, "A CMOS single photon avalanche diode array for 3D imaging," in Proc. ISSCC Digest Tech. Papers, Feb. 2004, pp. 120-121.
10. D. Stoppa, L. Pancheri, M. Scandiuzzo, L. Gonzo, G.-F. Dalla Betta, and A. Simoni, "A CMOS 3-D imager based on single photon avalanche diode," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 4-12, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 46351014)
11. D. E. Schwartz, E. Charbon, and K. L. Shepard, "A single-photon avalanche diode imager for fluorescence lifetime applications," in Proc. Digest Symp. VLSI Circuits, 2007, pp. 144-145. (Pubitemid 351306599)
12. C. Niclass, C. Favi, T. Kluter, M. Gersbach, and E. Charbon, "A 128 × 128 single-photon imager with on-chip column-level 10b time-todigital converter array capable of 97 ps resolution," in Proc. ISSCC, 2008, pp. 44-45.
13. B. R. Rae, C. Griffin, K. R. Muir, J. M. Girkin, E. Gu, D. R. Renshaw, E. Charbon, M. D. Dawson, and R. K. Henderson, "A microsystem for time-resolved fluorescence analysis using CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes and micro-LEDs," in Proc. ISSCC, 2008, pp. 166-167.
14. B. R. Rae, C. Griffin, J. McKendry, J. M. Girkin, H. X. Zhang, E. Gu, D. R. Renshaw, E. Charbon, M. D. Dawson, and R. K. Henderson, "CMOS driven micro-pixel LEDs integrated with single photon avalanche diodes for time resolved fluorescence measurements," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., no. 41, pp. 1-6, 2008.
15. D. Mosconi, D. Stoppa, L. Pancheri, L. Gonzo, and A. Simoni, "CMOS single-photon avalanche diode array for time-resolved fluorescence detection," in Proc. ESSCIRC, 2006, pp. 564-567.
16. H. C. Gerritsen, M. A. H. Asselbergs, A. V. Agronskaia, and W. G. J. H. M. Van Sark, "Fluorescence lifetime imaging in scanning microscopes: Acquisition speed, photon economy and lifetime resolution," J. Microscopy, vol. 206, pp. 218-224, 2002. (Pubitemid 34639419)
17. P. Kitsos, N. Sklavos, N. Zervas, and O. Koufopavlou, "A reconfigurable linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for the bluetooth system," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Electron. Circuits Syst., Sep. 2001, vol. 2, pp. 991-994.
18. J. M. Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996, pp. 351-353.
19. D. Stoppa et al., "A single-photon avalanche-diode 3D imager," in Proc. IEEE ESSCIRC, 2005, pp. 487-490.
20. A GulinattiI. Rech, P. Maccagnani, M. Ghioni, and S. Cova, "Large-area avalanche diodes for picosecond time-correlated photon counting," in Proc. IEEE ESSDERC, 2005, pp. 355-358. (Pubitemid 44816100)
21. PicoQuant PicoHarp 300, [Online]. Available: www.picoquant.com
22. [Online]. Available: www.evidenttech.com/products/evidots.html
23. U. Resch-Genger, M. Grabolle, S. Cavaliere-Jaricot, R. Nitschke, and T. Nann, "Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels," Nature Methods, vol. 5, pp. 763-775, 2008.