Priorities of pedestrian protection - A real-life study of severe injuries and car sources

Accident Analysis and Prevention

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1672-1681

  Fredriksson, Rikard ^a,b   Rosén, Erik ^b   Kullgren, Anders ^a,c  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b AUTOLIV RESEARCH   (Sweden)

^c Stockholm and Folksam Research   (Sweden)

Author keywords

AIS3+ injury; Incidence; Pedestrian; Real life data; Risk; Windscreen

Indexed keywords

AIS3+ INJURY; INCIDENCE; PEDESTRIAN; REAL LIFE DATA; WINDSCREEN;

AUTOMOBILE BODIES; AUTOMOBILE PARTS AND EQUIPMENT; SHEAR STRAIN;

PEDESTRIAN SAFETY;

ACCELERATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CAR; CHILD; CLASSIFICATION; DISABILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FACTUAL DATABASE; FEMALE; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; INFANT; INJURY; INJURY SCALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; SAFETY; STANDARD; STATISTICS; SWEDEN; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; WALKING;

ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE; ACCELERATION; ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AUTOMOBILES; CAUSALITY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SAFETY; SWEDEN; WALKING; WOUNDS AND INJURIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955985301     PISSN: 00014575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.006     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. AAAM The Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990 Revision, update 1998 2001 Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Barrington, IL, USA
2. Arregui-Dalmases, C., 2006. Rotational acceleration as a traumatic brain injury mechanism in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. PhD Thesis. Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona, Spain, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña.
3. B. Bockholdt, and V. Schneider The injury pattern to children involved in lethal traffic accidents in Berlin Leg Med. (Tokyo) 5 Suppl. 1 2003 S390 S392
4. R.B. D'Agostino, M.A. Stephens, Goodness-of-Fit Techniques 1986 Marcel Dekker Inc New York
5. A.J. Dobson An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models 2002 Chapman & Hall/CRC
6. E. Ehrlich, A. Tischer, and H. Maxeiner Lethal pedestrian - passenger car collisions in Berlin Changed injury patterns in two different time intervals Leg. Med. (Tokyo) 2 2009 2
7. EU, 2003. Directive 2003/102/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 relating to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users before and in the event of a collision with a motor vehicle and amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC. IN EUROPEAN, T. E. P. A. T. C. O. T. & UNION (Eds.) 2003/102/EC. Brussels, Official Journal of the European Union.
8. L.H. Fan, W.T. Xia, J.J. Shen, X. Chen, Z.Q. Zhao, and X.Y. Hou Epidemiological features of the injured in road traffic accidents in Shanghai Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 24 2008 344 348
9. Fredriksson, R., Hland, Y., Yang, J., 2001. Evaluation of a New Pedestrian Head Injury Protection System with a Sensor in the Bumper and Lifting of the Bonnet's Rear Part. 17th ESV Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
10. Försäkringsförbundet, 2004. Medicinsk invaliditet - Gradering av medinsk invaliditet (Swedish Insurance Federation: Medical impairment - Grading of medical impairment, in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden, Sveriges Försäkringsförbund.
11. B.Y. Henary, J. Ivarsson, and J.R. Crandall The influence of age on the morbidity and mortality of pedestrian victims Traffic Inj. Prev. 7 2006 182 190
12. B.J. Ivarsson, B. Henary, J.R. Crandall, and D. Longhitano Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury Annu. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med. 49 2005 263 277
13. M.H. Kutner, C.J. Nachtsheim, J. Neter, and W. Li Applied Linear Statistical Models 2004 McGraw-Hill/Irwin New York
14. Lawrence, G.J.L., Hardy, B.J., Carroll, J.A., Donaldson, W.M.S., Visvikis, C., Peel, D.A., 2006. A study on the feasibility of measures relating to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users. EC report UPR/VE/045/06, contract ENTR/05/17.01. TRL Limited, UK.
15. C. Lee, and M. Abdel-Aty Comprehensive analysis of vehicle-pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida Accid. Anal. Prev. 37 2005 775 786
16. D. Longhitano, B. Henary, K. Bhalla, J. Ivarsson, and J. Crandall Influence of Vehicle Body Type on Pedestrian Injury Distribution 2005 SAE Detroit, MI, USA
17. B.P. Loo, and K.L. Tsui Pedestrian injuries in an ageing society: insights from hospital trauma registry J. Trauma 66 2009 1196 1201
18. A.D. Lopez, C.D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D.T. Jamison, and C.J. Murray Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001, systematic analysis of population health data Lancet 367 2006 1747 1757
19. Maki, T., Asai, T., Kajzer, J., 2003a. Development of future pedestrian protection technologies. 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Nagoya, Japan.
20. T. Maki, J. Kajzer, K. Mizuno, and Y. Sekine Comparative analysis of vehicle-bicyclist and vehicle-pedestrian accidents in Japan Accid. Anal. Prev. 35 2003 927 940
21. Mallory, A., Stammen, J., 2006. Initial assessment of target population for potential reduction of pedestrian head injury in the United States: An Estimate Based on PCDS Cases IN UNECE/WP29 (Ed.) Informal Document No. WP29-144-03. NHTSA, Washington DC, USA.
22. S. Malm, M. Krafft, A. Kullgren, A. Ydenius, and C. Tingvall Risk of permanent medical impairment (RPMI) in road traffic accidents Annu. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med. 52 2008 93 100
23. Martin, P., Eppinger, R., 2002. Incidence of Head Injuries Attributable to rotation. Injury Biomechanics research, Thirty-First International Workshop.
24. Mizuno, K., Kajzer, J., 2000. Head injuries in vehicle-pedestrian impact. SAE Conference. SAE.
25. H. Naci, D. Chisholm, and T.D. Baker Distribution of road traffic deaths by road user group: a global comparison Inj. Prev. 15 2009 55 59
26. Nagatomi, K., Hanayama, K., Ishizaki, T., Sasaki, S., 2005. Development and full-scale dummy tests of a pop-up hood system for pedestrian protection. 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Washington DC, USA.
27. C. Oh, Y. Kang, and W. Kim Assessing the safety benefits of an advanced vehicular technology for protecting pedestrians Accid. Anal. Prev. 40 2008 935 942
28. Y. Okamoto, T. Sugimoto, K. Enomoto, and J. Kikuchi Pedestrian head impact conditions depending on the vehicle front shape and its construction - full model simulation Traffic Inj. Prev. 4 2003 74 82
29. J. Pearson, and D.H. Stone Pattern of injury mortality by age-group in children aged 0-14 years in Scotland, 2002-2006, and its implications for prevention BMC Pediatr. 9 2009 26
30. Pfeiffer, M., Schmidt, J., 2006. Statistical and methodological foundations of the GIDAS accident survey system. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on ESAR. Hanover, Germany, pp. 81-87.
31. Pinecki, C., Zeitouni, R., 2007. Technical solutions for enhancing the pedestrian protection. 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Lyon, France.
32. G. Qirjako, G. Burazeri, B. Hysa, and E. Roshi Magnitude and fatality from road accidents among children in Tirana, Albania Med. Arh. 62 2008 100 101
33. E. Rosén, and U. Sander Pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed Accid. Anal. Prev. 41 2009 536 542
34. B.S. Roudsari, C.N. Mock, and R. Kaufman An evaluation of the association between vehicle type and the source and severity of pedestrian injuries Traffic Inj. Prev. 6 2005 185 192
35. M.J. Starnes, P. Hadjizacharia, L.S. Chan, and D. Demetriades Automobile versus pedestrian injuries: does gender matter? J. Emerg. Med. 2008
36. J. Yao, J. Yang, and D. Otte Head injuries in child pedestrian accidents - in-depth case analysis and reconstructions Traffic Inj. Prev. 8 2007 94 100
37. J. Yao, J. Yang, and D. Otte Investigation of head injuries by reconstructions of real-world vehicle-versus-adult-pedestrian accidents Saf. Sci. 46 2008 1103 1114
38. G. Zhang, L. Cao, J. Hu, and K.H. Yang A field data analysis of risk factors affecting the injury risks in vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes Annu. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med. 2008