Trouble in store: Probes, protests, and store openings by Wal-Mart, 1998-2007

American Journal of Sociology

Volumn 116, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 53-92

  Ingram, Paul ^a   Yue, Lori Qingyuan ^a   Rao, Hayagreeva ^b  

^a The Sanford C Bernstein Co Center for Leadership and Ethics   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955929913     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/653596     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Andrews, Kenneth. 2001. "Social Movements and Policy Implementation: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965-1971." American Sociological Review 66:71-95.
2. Angrist, Joshua D., Guido W. Imbens, and Donald B. Rubin. 1996. "Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables." Journal of Econometrics 71:145-160
3. Armstrong, Elizabeth A., and Mary Bernstein. 2008. "Culture, Power, and Institutions: A Multi-institutional Politics Approach to Social Movements." Sociological Theory 26:74-99.
4. Azoulay, Pierre,Waverly Ding, and Toby E. Stuart. 2007. "The Determinants of Faculty Patenting Behavior: Demographics or Opportunities?" Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 63:599-623.
5. Baron, David P. 2009. "A Positive Theory of Moral Management, Social Pressure, and Corporate Social Performance." Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 18:7-43.
6. Baron, David P., and Daniel Diermeier. 2007. "Strategic Activism and Nonmarket Strategy." Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 16:599-634.
7. Basker, Emek. 2005a. "Job Creation or Destruction? Labor-Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion." Review of Economics and Statistics 87:174-183
8. -. 2005b. "Selling a Cheaper Mousetrap: Wal-Mart's Effect on Retail Prices."Journal of Urban Economics 58:203-229
9. Belluck, Pam. 2004. "Preservationists Call Vermont Endangered, by Wal-Mart." New York Times, May 25.
10. Bernstein, M. 1997. "Celebrating and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement." American Journal of Sociology 103:531-565
11. Blau, Peter M., and W. Richard Scott. 1962. Formal Organizations: A Comparative Approach. San Francisco: Chandler.
12. Conell, Carol, and Samuel Cohn. 1995. "Learning from Other People's Actions: Environmental Variation and Diffusion in French Coal Mining Strikes, 1890-1935." American Journal of Sociology 101:366-403.
13. Cress, Daniel, and David A. Snow. 1996. "Mobilization at the Margins: Resources, Benefactors, and the Viability of Homeless Social Movement Organizations." American Sociological Review 61:1089-1109.
14. Davis, Gerald F., Doug McAdam, W. Richard Scott, and Mayer N. Zald. 2005. Social Movements and Organization Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
15. Diermeier, Daniel. 2003. "Consumer Boycotts." Working paper. Northwestern University.
16. Diermeier, Daniel, and J. Van Mieghem. 2008. "Voting with Your Pocket Book: A Stochastic Model of Consumer Boycotts." Mathematical and Computer Modeling 48:1497-1509.
17. Dube, Arindrajit, Barry Eidlin, and Bill Lester. 2005. "Impact of Wal-Mart Growth on Earnings throughout the Retail Sector in Urban and Rural Counties." Working paper. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Industrial Relations.
18. Elsbach, K. D., and R. I. Sutton. 1992. "Acquiring Organizational Legitimacy through Illegitimate Actions: A Marriage of Institutional and Impression Management Theory." Academy of Management Journal 35:699-738.
19. Fligstein, Neil. 2001. The Architecture of Markets: An Economic Sociology of Twenty- First-Century Capitalist Societies. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
20. Fombrun, Charles, and Mark Shanley. 1990. "What's in a Name? Reputation Building and Corporate Strategy." Academy of Management Journal 33:233-258
21. Goffman, Erving. 1959. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: Free Press.
22. Gould, Roger V. 1991. "Multiple Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871." American Sociological Review 56:716-729
23. -. 1995. Insurgent Identities: Class, Community, and Protest in Paris from 1848 to the Commune. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Gozalo, Pedro L., and Susan C. Miller. 2007. "Hospice Enrollment and Evaluation of Its Causal Effect on Hospitalization of Dying Nursing Home Patients." Health Services Research 42:587-610.
25. Granovetter, Mark. 1978. "Threshold Models of Collective Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 83:1420-1443
26. Hannan, Michael T., LászlóPólos, and Glenn R. Carroll. 2007. Logics of Organization Theory. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
27. Hausman, Jerry, and Ephraim Leibtag. 2005. "Consumer Benefits from Increased Competition in Shopping Outlets: Measuring the Effect of Wal-Mart." Working paper no. 11809. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.
28. Heckman, James J. 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error." Econometrica 47:153-161
29. Hedstrom, Peter. 1994. "Contagious Collectivities: On the Spatial Diffusion of Swedish Trade Unions, 1890-1940." American Journal of Sociology 99:1157-1179
30. Hedstrom, Peter, Rickard Sandell, and Charlotta Stern. 2000. "Meso-Level Networks, and the Diffusion of Social Movements." American Journal of Sociology 106:145-172
31. Holmes, Thomas J. 2008. "The Diffusion of Wal-Mart and Economies of Density." Working paper no. 13783. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.
32. Ingram, Paul, and Hayagreeva Rao. 2004. "Store Wars: The Enactment and Repeal of Anti-Chain-Store Legislation in America." American Journal of Sociology 110: 446-487
33. Irwin, Elena G., and Jill Clark. 2006. "Wall Street vs. Main Street: What Are the Benefits and Costs of Wal-Mart to Local Communities?" Choices 21:117-122
34. Jenkins, J. Craig. 1983. "Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements." Annual Review of Sociology 9:527-553
35. Jenkins, Stephen P., Lorenzo Cappellari, Peter Lynn, Annette Jäckle, and Emanuela Sala. 2006. "Patterns of Consent: Evidence from a General Household Survey." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 169:701-722
36. King, Brayden G. 2008a. "A Political Mediation Model of Corporate Response to Social Movement Activism." Administrative Science Quarterly 53:395-421.
37. -. 2008b. "A Social Movement Perspective on Stakeholder Collective Action and Influence." Business Society 47 (1): 21-49.
38. King, Brayden G., and Sarah A. Soule. 2007. "Social Movements as Extra-institutional Entrepreneurs: The Effect of Protests on Stock Price Returns." Administrative Science Quarterly 52:413-442
39. Klandermans, Bert. 2002. "How Group Identification Helps to Overcome the Dilemma of Collective Action." American Behavioral Scientist 45:887-900.
40. Kleine, Peter E., III, Susane S. Kleine, and Jerome B. Kernan. 1993. "Mundane Consumption and the Self: A Social-Identity Perspective." Journal of Consumer Psychology 2:209-235
41. Koopmans, R., and S. Olzak. 2004. "Discursive Opportunities and the Evolution of Right-Wing Violence in Germany." American Journal of Sociology 110:198-230.
42. Kroszner, Randall S., and Philip E. Strahan. 1999. "What Drives Deregulation? Economics and Politics of the Relaxation of Bank Branching Restrictions." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114:1437-1467
43. Lipset, Seymour M. 1960. Political Man. Garden City, N.J.: Anchor.
44. Luders, Joseph E. 2006. "The Economics of Movement Success: Business Responses to Civil Rights Mobilization." American Journal of Sociology 111:963-998
45. Marrett, Cora Bagley. 1980. "Influences on the Rise of New Organizations: The Formation of Women's Medical Societies." Administrative Science Quarterly 25:185-199
46. McAdam, Doug. 1983. "Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency." American Sociological Review 48:735-754
47. -. 1988. "Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer." American Journal of Sociology 92:64-90.
48. -. 1995. "'Initiator' and 'spin-off' movements: Diffusion processes in protest cycles" 217-39 in Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action, edited by M. Traugott. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press
49. McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy, and Mayer Zald. 1988. "Social Movements." Pp. 695-737 in Handbook of Sociology, edited by N. Smelser. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.
50. McCarthy, John D., and Mark Wolfson. 1988. "Exploring Sources of Rapid Social Movement Growth: The Role of Organizational Form, Consensus Support, and Elements of the American State." Paper presented at the Workshop on Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, University of Michigan.
51. Meyer, David S., and Suzanne Staggenborg. 1996. "Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity." American Journal of Sociology 101: 1628-1660
52. Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. "Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony." American Journal of Sociology 83:340-363
53. Minkoff, D. 1997. "The Sequencing of Social Movements." American Sociological Review 62:779-799
54. Myers, Daniel J. 1997. "Racial Rioting in the 1960s: An Event History Analysis of Local Conditions." American Sociological Review 62:94-112.
55. -. 2000. "The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks." American Journal of Sociology 106:178-208.
56. Oliver, Pamela E. 1993. "Formal Models of Collective Action." Annual Review of Sociology 19:271-300.
57. Oliver, Pamela E., and Gerald Marwell. 1988. "The Paradox of Group Size in Collective Action: A Theory of the Critical Mass. II." American Sociological Review 53:1-8.
58. Oliver, Pamela E., and Daniel J. Myers. 2003. "Networks, Diffusion, and Cycles of Collective Action." Pp. 173-203 in Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action, edited by M. Diani and D. McAdam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
59. Olzak, Susan, Suzanne Shanahan, and Elizabeth West. 1994. "School Desegregation, Interracial Exposure, and Antibusing Activity in Contemporary Urban America." American Journal of Sociology 100:196-214.
60. Raubitschek, Ruth S. 1988. "Hitting the Jackpot: Product Proliferation by Multiproduct Firms under Uncertainty." International Journal of Industrial Organization 4: 469-488
61. Robins, James M., Miguel Angel Herman, and Babette Brumback. 2000. "Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology." Epidemiology 11:550-560
62. Rojas, Fabio. 2006. "Social Movement Tactics, Organizational Change and the Spread of African-American Studies." Social Forces 84 (4): 2139-2158
63. Roscigno, Vincent H., and William F. Danaher. 2001. "Media and Mobilization: The Case of Radio and Southern Textile Worker Insurgency, 1929 to 1934." American Sociological Review 66:21-48.
64. Schragger, Richard C. 2005. "The Anti-Chain Store Movement, Localist Ideology, and the Remnants of the Progressive Constitution, 1920-1940." Iowa Law Review 90: 101-184
65. Scott, W. R. 2007 Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
66. Soule, Sarah A. 1997. "The Student Divestment Movement in the United States and Tactical Diffusion: The Shantytown Protest." Social Forces 75:855-882
67. Soule, Sarah A., and Yvonne Zylan. 1997. "Runaway Train: The Diffusion of State Level Reforms in ADC/AFDC Eligibility Requirements." American Journal of Sociology 103:733-762
68. Spence, Michael. 1973. "Job Market Signaling." Quarterly Journal of Economics 87: 355-374
69. Sprawl-Busters. 1998. "Wal-Mart 'Not Acceptable.'" November 20. http://www.sprawl-busters.com/search.php?readstoryp117.
70. -. 2000. "Wal-Mart Kind of Steps Back." March 11. http://www.sprawlbusters.com/search.php?readstor=p406.
71. -. 2005. "Citizens Force Wal-Mart to Withdraw Plan." August 4. http://www.sprawl-busters.com/search.php?readstoryp1946.
72. Swaminathan, Anand, and James B. Wade. 2001. "Social Movement Theory and the Evolution of New Organizational Forms." Pp. 286-313 in The Entrepreneurship Dynamic: Origins of Entrepreneurship and the Evolution of Industries, edited by C. B. Schoonhoven and E. Romanelli. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
73. Tedeschi, James T., and Marc Riess. 1981. "Verbal Strategies in Impression Management." Pp. 271-309 in The Psychology of Everyday Explanations of Social Behavior, edited by C. Antaki. London: Academic Press.
74. Thompson, James D. 1967. Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
75. Walker, Edward, Andrew W. Martin, and John D. McCarthy. 2008. "Confronting the State, the Corporation, and the Academy: The Influence of Institutional Targets on Social Movement Repertoires." American Journal of Sociology 114:35-76.
76. Walker, Jack. 1969. "The Diffusion of Innovation among American States." American Political Science Review 63:880-899
77. Weber, Klaus, Hayagreeva Rao, and L. G. Thomas. 2009. "From Streets to Suites: How the Anti-Biotech Movement Affected German Pharmaceutical Firms." American Sociological Review 74:106-127