Controls on fault damage zone width, structure, and symmetry in the Bandelier Tuff, New Mexico

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 766-780

  Riley, Paul R ^a   Goodwin, Laurel B ^a   Lewis, Claudia J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bandelier Tuff; Damage zone; Fault zone; Fracture density; Rio Grande rift

Indexed keywords

BANDELIER TUFF; DAMAGE ZONES; FAULT ZONE; FRACTURE DENSITY; RIO GRANDE RIFT;

DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; LITHOLOGY; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

WELDING;

DEFORMATION; FAULT ZONE; FAULTING; FOOTWALL; FRACTURE ZONE; HANGING WALL; IGNIMBRITE; LITHOLOGY; STRAIN RATE; SYMMETRY;

NEW MEXICO; RIO GRANDE RIFT; UNITED STATES;

HYPORHAMPHUS HILDEBRANDI;

EID: 77955920858     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Antonellini M.A., Aydin A. Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones: petrophysical properties. American Association of the Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1994, 78:355-377.
2. Antonellini M., Aydin A. Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones; geometry and spatial distribution. AAPG Bulletin 1995, 79:642-671.
3. Aydin A., Johnson A.M. Development of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1978, 116:931-942.
4. Aydin A., Borja I.R., Eichhubl P. Geological and mathematical framework for failure modes in granular rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 2006, 28:83-98.
5. Baldridge W.S., Keller G.R., Haak V., Wendlandt E., Jiracek G.R., Olsen K.H. The Rio Grande rift. Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics 1995, 233-275. K.H. Olsen (Ed.).
6. Beck W.C., Chapin C.E. Structural and tectonic evolution of the Joyita Hills, central New Mexico; implications of basement control on Rio Grande Rift. Geological Society of America Special Paper 1994, vol. 291:187-205. G.R. Keller, S.M. Cather (Eds.).
7. Behr R., Goodwin L.B., Kelley S.A. Structural and thermochronological constraints on the movement history of the Montosa Fault, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources Bulletin Report 2004, 160:139-160.
8. Berg S.S., Skar T. Controls on damage zone asymmetry of a normal fault zone: outcrop analyses of a segment of the Moab fault, SE Utah. Journal of Structural Geology 2005, 27:1803-1822.
9. Broxton, D., Heiken, G., Chipera, S.J., Byers, F.M., 1995. Statigraphy, petrography, and mineralogy of Bandelier Tuff and Cerro Toledo deposits, in Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restoration-Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21. In: Broxton, D.E., Eller, P.G., (Eds.), Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12934-MS, pp. 33-64.
10. Broxton, D., Reneau, S., 1995. Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Bandelier Tuff for the Environmental Restoration Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13010-MS.
11. Broxton D., Vaniman D. Geologic framework of a groundwater system on the margin of a rift basin, Pajarito Plateau, north-central New Mexico. Vadose Zone Journal 2005, 4:522-550.
12. Caine J.S., Evans J.P., Forster C.B. Fault zone architecture and permeability structure. Geology 1996, 24:1025-1028.
13. Carey, W.J., Cole, G., 2002. Description of the Cerro Grande fire laser altimetry (LIDAR) data set. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13892-MS.
14. Carter K.E., Winter C.L. Fractal nature and scaling of normal faults in the Española Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: implications for fault growth and brittle strain. Journal of Structural Geology 1995, 17:863-873.
15. Chapin C.E., Cather S.M. Tectonic setting of the axial basins of the northern and central Rio Grande Rift. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2004, 291:5-25. G.R. Keller, S.M. Cather (Eds.).
16. Chester F.M., Evans J.P., Biegel R.L. Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas faults. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:771-786.
17. Davy P., Darcel C., Bour O., Munier R., de Dreuzy J.R. A note on the angular correction applied to fracture intensity profiles along drill core. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B11408. 10.1029/2005JB004121.
18. Day R.W. Engineering properties of nonwelded tuff. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologist 1993, 30:121-126.
19. Dunn D.E., LaFountain L.J., Jackson R.E. Porosity dependence and mechanism of brittle fracture in sandstones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1973, 78:2403-2417.
20. Evans J.P., Bradbury K.K. Faulting and fracturing of nonwelded Bishop Tuff, Eastern California: deformation mechanisms in very porous materials in the vadose zone. Vadose Zone Journal 2004, 3:602-623.
21. Faulkner D.R., Mitchell T.M., Healy D., Heap M.J. Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone. Nature 2006, 444:922-925.
22. Faulkner D.R., Mitchell T.M., Rutter E.H., Cembrano J. On the structure and mechanical properties of large strike-slip faults. Geological Society of London Special Publication 2008, vol. 299:139-150. C.A.J. Wibberly, W. Kurz, J. Imber, R.E. Holdsworth, C. Collettini (Eds.).
23. Fossen H., Hesthammer J. Possible absence of small faults in the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea; implications for downscaling of faults in some porous sandstones. Journal of Structural Geology 2000, 22:851-863.
24. Fossen H., Schultz R.A., Shipton Z.K., Mair K. Deformation bands in sandstone: a review. Journal of the Geological Society 2007, 164:755-769.
25. Gardner J.N., Goff F. Potassium-argon dates from the Jemez volcanic field: implications for tectonic activity in the north-central Rio Grande rift. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 1984, 35:75-81.
26. Gardner, J.N., Lavine, A., WoldeGabriel, G., Krier, D., Vaniman, D., Caporuscio, F., Lewis, C., Reneau, P., Kluk, E., Snow, M.J., 1999. Structural geology of the northwestern portion of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: implications for seismic surface rupture potential from TA-3 to TA-55. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13589-MS.
27. Gardner J.N., Reneau S.L., Lewis C.J., Lavine A., Krier D.J., WoldeGabriel G., Duthrie G.D. Geology of the Pajarito Fault Zone in the Vicinity of S-Site (TA-16) 2001, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13831-MS.
28. Haneberg W.C. Steady state groundwater flow across idealized faults. Water Resources Research 1995, 31:1815-1820.
29. Heynekamp M.R., Goodwin L.B., Mozley P.S., Haneberg W.C. Controls on fault-zone architecture in poorly lithified sediments, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: implications for fault-zone permeability and fluid flow. A.G.U. Monograph 1999, vol. 113:27-49. W. Haneberg, P. Mozley, J. Moore, L. Goodwin (Eds.).
30. 39Ar age constraints for the Jaramillo Normal Subchron and the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:2925-2934.
31. Karlstrom K.E., Cather S.M., Kelley S.A., Heizler M.T., Pazzaglia F.J., Roy M. Sandia Mountains and Rio Grande Rift; ancestry of structures and history of deformation. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 1999, 50:155-166.
32. Kamb W.B. Ice petrofabric observations from Blue Glacier, Washington, in relation to theory and experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 1959, 64:1891-1909.
33. Kelley V.C. Tectonics, middle Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico. Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism 1979, 57-70. R.E. Riecker (Ed.).
34. Kelley V.C. The right-relayed Rio Grande Rift, Taos to Hatch, New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 1982, 33:147-151.
35. Knipe R.J. The influence of fault zone processes and diagenesis on fluid flow. AAPG Studies in Geology 1993, 36:135-151.
36. Lachenbruch, A., 1962. Mechanics of thermal contraction cracks and ice-wedge polygons in permafrost. Geological Society of America Special Paper 70.
37. Lewis, C.J., Baldridge, W.S., 1994. Crustal extension in the Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico; half-grabens, accommodation zones, and shoulder uplifts in the Ladron Peak-Sierra Lucero area. Geological Society of America Special Paper 291, 135-155.
38. Lewis C.J., Gardner J.N., Schultz-Fellenz E.S., Lavine A., Reneau S.L., Olig S. Fault interaction and along-strike variation in throw in the Pajarito fault system, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico. Geosphere 2009, 5:252-269.
39. Mauldon M., Mauldon J.G. Fracture sampling on a cylinder: from scan-lines to boreholes and tunnels. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1997, 30:129-144.
40. Minor, S.A., Hudson, M.R., 2007. Regional survey of structural properties and cementation patterns of fault zones in the northern part of the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico; implications for ground-water flow. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, Report 1719.
41. Moon V. Geotechnical characteristics of ignimbrite: a soft pyroclastic rock type. Engineering Geology 1993, 35:33-48.
42. Myers R., Aydin A. The evolution of faults formed by shearing across joint zones in sandstone. Journal of Structural Geology 2004, 26:947-966.
43. Olson J.E. Joint pattern development: effects of subcritical crack growth and mechanical crack interaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:12251-12265.
44. Olson J., Pollard D.D. Inferring paleostresses from natural fracture patterns: a new method. Geology 1989, 17:345-348.
45. Peacock D.C.P., Sanderson D.J. Effects of layering and anisotropy on fault geometry. Journal of the Geological Society 1992, 149:793-802.
46. Pollard D.D., Segall P., Delaney P. Formation and interpretation of dilatant echelon cracks. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1982, 93:1291-1303.
47. Pollard D.D., Aydin A. Progress in understanding jointing over the past century. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1988, 100:1181-1204.
48. Pollard D.D., Segall P. Theoretical displacements and stresses near fractures in rock: With applications to faults, joints, veins, dikes and solution surfaces. Fracture Mechanics of Rock 1987, 277-349. B.K. Atkinson (Ed.).
49. Quane S.L., Russell J.K. Rock strength as a metric of welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits. European Journal of Mineralogy 2002, 15:855-864.
50. Rawling G.C., Goodwin L.B., Wilson J. Internal architecture, permeability structure, and hydrologic significance of contrasting fault-zone types. Geology 2001, 29:43-46.
51. Reneau, S.L., Vaniman, D.T., 1998. Fracture characteristics in a disposal pit on Mesita del Buey, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13539-MS.
52. Ross, C.S., Smith, R.L., 1961. Ash-flow tuffs: their origin, geologic relations, and identification. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 366.
53. Salyards, S.L., Ni, J.F., Aldrich, M.J., 1994. Variation in paleomagnetic rotations and kinematics of the north-central Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico. Geological Society of America Special Paper 291, 59-71.
54. 39Ar thermochronology constraints on the timing and Proterozoic basement exhumation and fault ancestry, southern Sangre de Cristo Range, New Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2006, 118:1489-1506.
55. Schultz R.A., Li Q. Uniaxial strength testing of nonwelded Calico Hills Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Engineering Geology 1995, 40:287-299.
56. Schultz R.A., Siddharthan R.V. A general framework for the occurrence and faulting of deformation bands in porous granular rocks. Tectonophysics 2005, 411:1-18.
57. Schultz R.A., Fossen H. Terminology for structural discontinuities. American Association of the Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2008, 92:853-867.
58. Segall P. Formation and growth of extensional fracture sets. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1984, 95:454-462.
59. Segall P., Pollard D.D. Joint formation in granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1983, 94:563-575.
60. Shipton Z.K., Cowie P.A. Damage zone and slip-surface evolution over μm to km scales in high-porosity Navajo sandstone, Utah. Journal of Structural Geology 2001, 23:1825-1844.
61. Shipton Z.K., Soden A.M., Kirkpatrick J.D., Bright A.M., Lunn R.J. How thick is a fault? Fault displacement-thickness scaling revisited. Geophysical Monograph 2006, 170:193-198.
62. Sigda J., Goodwin L., Mozley P., Wilson J. Permeability alteration in small-displacement faults in poorly lithified sediments, Rio Grand Rift, Central New Mexico. A.G.U. Monograph 1999, vol. 113:51-68. W. Haneberg, P. Mozley, J. Moore, L. Goodwin (Eds.).
63. Smith R.L., Bailey R.A. The Bandelier Tuff: a study of ash-flow eruption cycles from zoned magma chambers. Bulletin of Volcanology 1966, 29:83-104.
64. Smith, R.L., Bailey, R.A., Ross, C.S., 1970. Geologic map of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-571, Scale 1:125,000.
65. Spell, T.L., Kyle, P.R., Baker, J., 1996. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Cerro Toledo rhyolite. In: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 47th Field Conference, Jemez Mountains Region 47, pp. 263-268.
66. Stimac J., Hickmott D., Abell R., Larocque A.C.L., Broxton D., Gardner J., Chipera S., Wolff J., Gauerke E. Redistribution of Pb and other volatile trace metals during eruption, devitrification, and vapor-phase crystallization of the Bandelier Tuff, New Mexico. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1996, 73:245-266.
67. Terzaghi R.D. Sources of error in joint surveys. Geotechnique 1965, 15:287-304.
68. Vaniman, D., Wohletz, K., 1990. Results of geological mapping/fracture studies: TA-55 area. Los Alamos National Laboratory Seismic Hazards Program memo EES1-SH90-17.
69. Wilson J.E., Goodwin L.B., Lewis C.J. Deformation bands in nonwelded ignimbrites: petrophysical controls on fault-zone deformation and evidence of preferential fluid flow. Geology 2003, 31:837-840.
70. Wilson, J.E., 2004. Characteristics of Faults in Nonwelded Ignimbrites From the Pajarito Plateau and Implications for Fluid Flow. Ph.D. thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.
71. Wilson J.E., Goodwin L.B., Lewis C. Diagensis of deformation-band faults: the record and mechanical consequences of vadose-zone flow and transport through the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, NM. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B09201. 10.1029/2005JB003892.
72. Wohletz K.H. Measurement and analysis of rock fractures in the Tshirege member of the Bandelier Tuff along Los Alamos Canyon adjacent to technical area-21. Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restoration - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12934-MS 1995, 19-32. D.E. Broxton, P.G. Eller (Eds.).
73. Wohletz, K.H., 1996. Fracture characterization of the Bandelier Tuff in OU-1098 (TA-2 and TA-41). Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12194-MS.
74. Wolff H.A., Gardner J.N. Is the Valles caldera entering a new cycle of activity?. Geology 1995, 23:411-414.
75. Wong T.F., David C., Zhu W. The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow in porous sandstone: mechanical deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:3009-3025.
76. Wong T.F., Zhu W. Brittle faulting and permeability evolution; hydromechanical measurement, microstructural observation, and network modeling. Geophysical Monograph 1999, 113:83-99. B.C. Haneberg, P.S. Mozley, J.C. Moore, L.B. Goodwin (Eds.).
77. Zhang X., Sanderson D.J. Anisotropic features of geometry and permeability in fractured rock masses. Engineering Geology 1995, 40:65-75.
78. Zhang X., Sanderson D.J. Numerical modeling of the effects of fault slip on fluid flow around extensional faults. Journal of Structural Geology 1996, 18:109-119.