Brittle faulting and permeability evolution: Hydromechanical measurement, microstructural observation, and network modeling

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 113, Issue , 1999, Pages 83-99

  Wong, Teng Fong ^a   Zhu, Wenlu ^b  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250360364     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Antonellini, M., and A. Aydin, Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones: petrophysical properties, in Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., pp. 355-377, 1994.
2. Antonellini, M., A. Aydin, and D.D. Pollard, Microstructure of deformation bands in porous sandstones at Arches National Park, Utah, J. Struct. Geol., 16, 941-959, 1994.
3. Barton, C.A., M.D. Zoback, and D. Moos, Fluid flow along potentially active faults in crystalline rock, Geology, 23, 683-686, 1995.
4. Bernabé, Y., The effective pressure law for permeability in Chelmsford granite and Barre granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Asbtr., 24, 304-315, 1986.
5. Bernabé, Y., The effective pressure law for permeability during pore pressure and confining pressure cycling of several crystalline rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 649-657, 1987.
6. Bernabé, Y., Pore geometry and pressure dependence of the transport properties in sandstones, Geophysics, 56 (4), 436-446, 1991.
7. Berryman, G.J., Effective stress for transport properties of inhomogeneous porous rock, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 17409-17424, 1992.
8. Bethke, C.M., A numerical model of compaction-driven groundwater flow and heat transfer and its application to the paleohydrology of intracratonic sedimentary basins, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6817-6828, 1985.
9. Brace, W.F., Volume changes during fracture and frictional sliding: a review, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 603-614, 1978.
10. Brace, W.F., Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Asbtr., 17, 241-251, 1980.
11. Brace, W.F., J.B. Walsh, and W.T. Frangos, Permeability of granite under high pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 2225-2236, 1968.
12. Bredehoeft, J.D., and B.B. Hanshaw, On the maintenance of anomalous fluid pressures, I Thick sedimentary sequences, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 79, 1097-1106, 1968.
13. Bredehoeft, J.D., and D.L. Norton, The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes, 170 pp., National Academy Press, Washington, D. C, 1990.
14. Brown, K.M., B. Berkins, B. Clennell, D. Dewhurst, and G. Westbrook, Heterogeneous hydrofracture development and accretionary fault dynamics, Geology, 21, 303-306, 1994.
15. Byerlee, J.D., Model for episodic flow ot high-pressure water in fault zones before earthquakes, Geology, 21, 303-306, 1993.
16. Caine, J.S., J.P. Evans, and C.B. Forster, Fault zone architecture and permeability structure, Geology, 24, 1025-1028, 1996.
17. Chen, C.H., and M.N. Toksóz, Inversion of seismic velocities for the pore aspect ratio spectrum of a rock, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7533-7543, 1979.
18. Chester, F.M., J.P. Evans, and R.L. Biegel, Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas Fault, J. Geophys. Res.,98(Bl), 771-786, 1993.
19. David, C., and M. Darot, Permeability and Conductivity of sandstones, 203-209 pp., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1989.
20. David, C., Y. Guéguen, and G. Pampoukis, Effective Medium Theory and Network Theory Applied to the Transport Properties of Rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 95 (B5), 6993-7005, 1990.
21. David, C., T.-f. Wong, W. Zhu, and J. Zhang, Laboratory Measurements of Compaction-Induced Permeability Change in Porous Rocks: Implications for the Generation and Maintenace of Pore Pressure Excess in the Crust, Pure Appl. Geophys., 143 (1/2/3), 425-456, 1994.
22. Doyen, P.M., Permeability, Conductivity, and Pore Greometry of Sandstones, J. Geophys. Res., 93 (B7), 7729-7740, 1988.
23. Evans, J.P., and F.M. Chester, Fluid-rock interaction and weakening of faults of the San Andreas system: Inferences from Sam Gabriel fault-rock geochemistry and microstructure, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13007-13020, 1995.
24. Evans, J.P., C.B. Forster, and J.V. Goddard, Permeability of fault related rocks, and implications for hydraulic structure of fault zones, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 1393-1404, 1997.
25. Fischer, G.J., The Determination of Permeability and Storage Capacity: Pore Pressure Oscillation Method, in Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks, edited by B. Evans, and T.-f. Wong, pp. 187-211, Academic Press Ltd., 1992.
26. Fowles, J., and S. Burley, Textural and permeability characteristics of faulted, high porosity sandstones, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 11, 608-623, 1994.
27. Fredrich, J.T., B. Evans, and T.-f. Wong, Micromechanics of the brittle to plastic transition in Carrara marble, J. Geophys. Res., 94,4129-4145, 1989.
28. Freeze, R.A., and J.A. Cherry, Groundwater, 604 pp., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1979.
29. Gatto, H.G., The Effect of Various States of Stress on the Permeability of Berea Sandstone, M. S. Thesis thesis, Texas A&M University, 1984.
30. Gibson, R.G., Fault zone seals in siliciclastic strata of the Columbus Basin, offshore Trinidad, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 78, 1372-1385, 1994.
31. Gueguen, Y., and J. Dienes, Transport Properties of Rocks from Statistics and Percolation, Mat. Geol., 21 (1), 1-13, 1989.
32. Hadley, K., Comparison of calculated and observed crack densities and seismic velocities in Westerly granite, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3484-3494, 1976.
33. Hanson, R.B., The hydrodynamics of contact metamorphism, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 107, 595-611, 1995.
34. Hickman, S., R.H. Sibson, and R. Bruhn, Introduction to special issue: mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,831-12,840, 1995.
35. Huenges, E., and G. Will, Permeability, bulk modulus and complex resistivity in crystalline rocks, in Fluid Movements, Element Transport and the Composition of the Deep Crust, edited by N. ASI, pp. 361-375, Dordrecht, Kluwer, 1989.
36. Jamtveit, B., and B. Yardley, Fluid Flow and Transport in Rock, Mechanisms and Effects, 319 pp., Chapman & Hall, London, 1997.
37. Jones, L.M., Field and Laboratory Studies of the Mechanics of Faulting, Ph. D. Thesis thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1981.
38. Keaney, G.M.J., P.G. Meredith, and S.A.F. Murrell, Laboratory study of permeability evolution in a "tight" sandstone under non-hydrostatic stress conditions, in Society of Petroluem Engineers/ International Society of Rock Mechanics Europe '98, pp. SPE paper 47265, Trondheim, Norway, 1998.
39. Kennedy, B.M., Y.K. Kharada, W.C. Evans, A. Ellwood, D.J. DePaolo, J. Thordsen, G. Ambats, and R.H. Mariner, Mantle fluids in the San Andreas Fault system, California, Science, 27, 1278-1281, 1997.
40. Kiyama, T., H. Kita, Y. Ishijima, T. Yanagidani, K. Aoki, and T. Sato, Permeability in anisotropic granite under hydrostatic compression and triaxial compression including post-failure region, in Proc. N. Am. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 1161-1168, 1996.
41. Kranz, R.L., Microcracks in rocks: A review, Tectonophysics, 100, 449-480, 1983.
42. Kranz, R.L., A.D. Frankel, J.T. Engelder, and C.H. Scholz, The permeability of whole and jointed Barre granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 16, 225-235, 1979.
43. Kranz, R.L., J.S. Saltzman, and J.D. Blacic, Hydraulic diffusivity measurements on laboratory rock samples using an oscillating pore pressure method, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 27, 345-352, 1990.
44. Menendez, B., W. Zhu, and T.-f. Wong, Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Berea sandstone, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 1-16, 1996.
45. Moore, D.E., D.A. Lockner, and J.D. Byerlee, Reduction of permeability in granite at elevated temperatures, Science, 265, 1558-1561, 1994.
46. Mordecai, M., and L.H. Morris, An Investigation into the changes of permeability occuring in a sandstone when failed under triaxial conditions, in Proc. U. S. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 221 -239, 1971.
47. Morrow, C.A., and D.A. Lockner, Permeability differences between surface-derived and deep drillhole core samples, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2151-2154, 1994.
48. Morrow, C.A., D.A. Lockner, S. Hickman, M. Rusanov, and T. Rockel, Effects of lithology and depth on the permeability of core samples from the Kola and KTB drillholes, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7263-7274, 1994.
49. Morrow, C.A., L.Q. Shi, and J.D. Byerlee, Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3193-3200, 1984.
50. Morrow, C.A., B.-C. Zhang, and J.D. Byerlee, Effective pressure law for permeability of Westerly granite under cyclic loading, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3870-3876, 1986.
51. Muir Wood, R., Earthquakes, strain-cycling and the mobilization of fluids, in Geofluids: Origin, Migration and Evolution of Fluids in Sedimentary Basins, edited by J. Parnell, pp. 85-98, The Geological Society, London, 1994.
52. Neuzil, C.E., How permeable are clays and shales?, Water Resour. Res., 30, 145-150, 1994.
53. Parnell, J., Geofluids: Origin, Migration and Evolution of Fluids in Sedimentary Basins, 372 pp., The Geological Society, London, 1994.
54. Paterson, M.S., Experimental Rock Deformation-The Brittle Field, 254 pp., Spinger-Verlag, New York, 1978.
55. Paterson, M.S., The equivalent channel model for permeability and resistivity in fluid-saturated rocks: A re-appraisal, Mech. Mat., 2, 345-352, 1983.
56. Peach, C.J., and C.J. Spiers, Influence of crystal plastic deformation on dilatancy and permeability development in synthetic salt rock, Tectonophysics, 256, 101-128, 1996.
57. Person, M., J.P. Raffensperger, S. Ge, and G. Garven, Basin-scale hydrogeologic modeling, Rev. Geophys., 34, 61-87, 1996.
58. Pittman, E.D., Effect of fault-related granulation on porosity and permeability of quartz sandstones, Simpson Group (Ordovician), Oklahoma, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 65, 2381-2387, 1981.
59. Raven, K.G., and J.E. Gale, Water flow in a natual rock fracture as a function of stress and sample size, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 22, 251-261, 1985.
60. Rice, J.R., Fault stress states, pore pressure distribution, and the weakness of the San Andreas Fault, in Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks, edited by B. Evans, and T.-f. Wong, pp. 475-504, Academic Press, 1992.
61. Riley, G.N.J., D.L. Kohlstedt, and R.M. Richter, Melt migration in a silicate liquid-olivine system: An experimental test of compaction theory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2101-2104, 1990.
62. Roberts, S.J., J.A. Nunn, L. Cathles, and F.-D. Cipriani, Expulsion of abnormally pressured fluids along faults, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,231-28,252, 1996.
63. Seeburger, D.A., and A. Nur, A pore space model for rock permeability and bulk modulus, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 527-536, 1984.
64. Segall, P., and J.R. Rice, Dilatancy, compaction, and slip instability of a fluid-infiltrated fault, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22,155-22,171, 1995.
65. Senseny, P.E., P.J. Cain, and G.D. Callahan, Influence of deformation history on permeability and specific storage of Mesavere sandstone, in Proc. U. S. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 525-531, 1983.
66. Seront, B., T.-f. Wong, J.S. Caine, C.B. Forster, R. Bruhn, and J.T. Fredrich, Laboratory charaterization of hydrothermal properties of a seismogenic normal fault system, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 865-881, 1998.
67. Shi, Y., and C.-Y. Wang, Pore pressure generation in sedimentary basins: overloading versus aquathermal, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2153-2162, 1986.
68. Sibson, R.H., Faulting and fluid flow, in Geofluids: Origins, Migration and Evolution of Fluids in Sedimentary Basins, edited by J. Parnell, pp. 69-84, The Geological Society, London, 1994.
69. Stauffer, D., and A. Aharony, Introduction to Percolation Theory, 181 pp., Taylor & Francis, London, 1992.
70. Tapponier, P., and W.F. Brace, Development of stress-induced microcracks in Westerly granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 13, 103-112, 1976.
71. Teufel, L.W., Permeability changes during shearing deformation of fractured rock, in Proc. U. S. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 473-480, 1987.
72. Torgersen, T., Crustal-scale fluid trnsport: magnitude and mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 917-918, 1991.
73. Trimmer, D., B. Bonner, H.C. Heard, and A. Duba, Effect of pressure and stress in water transport in intact and fractured gabbro and granite, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7059-7071, 1980.
74. Walder, J., and A. Nur, Porosity reduction and crustal pore pressure development, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,539-11,548, 1984.
75. Walsh, J.B., Effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on fracture permeability, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 18, 429-435, 1981.
76. Walsh, J.B., and W.F. Brace, The effect of pressure on porosity and the transport properties of rock, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9425-9431, 1984.
77. Wong, T.-f., C. David, and W. Zhu, The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow in porous sandstones: Mechanical deformation, J Geophys. Res., 102, 3009-3025, 1997a.
78. Wong, T.-f., J.T. Fredrich, and G.D. Gwanmesia, Crack aperture statistics and pore space fractal geometry of Westerly granite and Rutland quartzite: implications for an elastic contact model of rock compressibility, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10,267-10,278, 1989.
79. Wong, T.-f., S.-C. Ko, and D.L. Olgaard, Generation and maitenance of pore pressure excess in a dehydrating system, 2 Theoretical analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 841-852, 1997b.
80. Yale, D.P., Network Modeling of Flow, Storage and Deformation in Porous Rocks, Ph. D. Thesis thesis, Stanford University, 1984.
81. Zhang, S., S.F. Cox, and M.S. Paterson, The influence of room temperature deformation on porosity and permeability in calcite aggregates, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,761-15,775, 1994.
82. Zhang, S., and T.E. Tullis, The effect of fault slip on permeability and permeability anisotropy in quartz gouge, Tectonophysics, 295,41-52, 1998.
83. Zhang, S., T.E. Tullis, and V.J. Scruggs, Permeability anisotropy and pressure dependency of permeability in experimentally sheared gouge materials, J. Struct. Geol., in press, 1999.
84. Zhu, W., C. David, and T.-f. Wong, Network modeling of permeability evolution during cementation and hot isostatic pressing, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,451-15,464, 1995.
85. Zhu, W., and T.-f. Wong, Permeability reduction in a dilatant rock: Network modeling of damage and tortuosity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3099-3102, 1996.
86. Zhu, W., and T.-f. Wong, The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow: Permeability evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3027-3041, 1997.
87. Zhu, W., and T.-f. Wong, Network modeling of the evolution of permeability and dilatancy in compact rock, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2963-2971, 1999.
88. Zoback, M.D., and J.D. Byerlee, The effect of microcrack dilatancy on the permeability of Westerly granite, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 752-755, 1975.
89. Zoback, M.D., and J.D. Byerlee, Effect of high-pressure deformation on permeability of Ottawa sand, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 60, 1531-1542, 1976a.
90. Zoback, M.D., and J.D. Byerlee, A note on the deformational behaviour and permeability of crushed granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 13, 291-294, 1976b.