How Thick is a Fault? Fault Displacement-Thickness Scaling Revisited

Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 193-198

  Shipton, Zoe K ^a   Soden, Aisling M ^a   Kirkpatrick, James D ^a   Bright, Aileen M ^b   Lunn, Rebecca J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Energy dissipation; Faults (Geology); Seismic waves; Seismology

Indexed keywords

ENERGY DISSIPATION; LITHOLOGY; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOLOGY;

DISPLACEMENT THICKNESS; EXISTING STRUCTURE; FAULT DISPLACEMENT; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; POWER LAW SCALINGS; SCALING RELATIONSHIPS; SEISMOLOGICAL MODELS; THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE;

FAULTING;

EID: 84951029324     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/170GM19     Document Type: Chapter

References (34)

1. Andrews D. J. (2005), Rupture dynamics with energy loss outside the slip zone, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B01307, doi:10.1029/2004JB003191.
2. Bai, T. and D. D. Pollard (2000), Closely spaced fractures in layered rocks: initiation mechanism and propagation kinematics, J. Struct. Geol., 22, 1409-1425.
3. Blenkinsop, T. B. (1989), Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones: Discussion, J. Struct. Geol., 11, 1051-1054.
4. Bizzarri, A., and M. Cocco (2006), A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three-dimensional fault: 1. Methodological approach, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05303, doi:10.1029/2005JB003862.
5. Caine, J. S., J. P. Evans, and C. B. Forster (1996), Fault zone architecture and permeability structure, Geology, 24, 1025-1028.
6. Chester, F. M., J. S. Chester, D. L. Kirschner, S. E. Schulz, and J. P. Evans (2004), Structure of large-displacement strike-slip fault zones in the brittle continental crust. In; Rheology and Deformation in the Lithosphere at Continental Margins, edited by Karner, G. D., B. Taylor, N. W. Driscoll, and D. L. Kohlstedt, Columbia University Press, New York.
7. Dalguer L. A., K. Irikura, and J. D. Riera (2003), Simulation of tensile crack generation by three-dimensional dynamic shear rupture propagation during an earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B3), 2144, doi:10.1029/2001JB001738.
8. Dor O., T. K. Rockwell and Y. Ben-Zion, (2006), Geologic observations of damage asymmetry in the structure of the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Punchbowl faults in southern California: A possible indicator for preferred rupture propagation direction, Pure Appl. Geophys., 163, 301-349, DOI 10.1007/s00024-005-0023-9.
9. Evans, J. P. (1990), Thickness-displacement relationships for fault zones, J. Struct. Geol., 12, 1061-1065.
10. Evans, J. P., Z. K. Shipton, M. A. Pachell, S. J. Lim and K. Robeson (2000), The structure and composition of exhumed faults, and their implications for seismic processes. In; Proc. 3rd Conf. on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System. Bokelmann, G. and Kovach, R.L. (eds.) Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences 21, 67-81.
11. Heermance, R., Z. K. Shipton, and J. P. Evans (2003), Fault structure control on fault slip and ground motion during the 1999 rupture of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan, Bull. Seis.l Soc. Am., 93, 1034-1050.
12. Hull, J. (1988), Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones, J. Struct. Geol., 10, 431-435.
13. Johansen, T. E. S., H. Fossen, and R. Kluge (2005), The impact of synfaulting porosity reduction on damage zone architecture in porous sandstone: an outcrop example from the Moab Fault, Utah, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 1469-1485.
14. Knipe, R. J., and G. E. Lloyd (1994), Microstructural analysis of faulting in quartzite, Assynt, NW Scotland: Implications for fault zone evolution, Pure Appl. Geophys., 143, 229-254.
15. Martel, S. J. (1990), Formation of Compound Strike-Slip-Fault Zones, Mount Abbot Quadrangle, California, J. Struct. Geol., 12, 869.
16. Melosh H. J. (1996), Dynamical weakening of faults by acoustic fluidization, Nature, 379, 601-606.
17. McGuire, J., and Y. Ben-Zion (2005), High-resolution imaging of the Bear Valley section of the San Andreas fault at seismogenic depths with fault-zone head waves and relocated seismicity, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 152-164.
18. Moon, V. G. (1993), Geotechnical characteristics of ignimbrite: A soft pyroclastic rock type, Eng. Geol., 35, 33-45.
19. Nadeau, R. M., and T. V. McEvilly (1997), Seismic studies at Parkfield; V, Characteristic microearthquake sequences as fault-zone drilling targets, Bull. Seis Soc Am., 87, 1463-1472.
20. Pachell, M. A., and J. P. Evans (2002), Growth, linkage, and termination processes of a 10-km-long strike-slip fault in jointed granite: the Gemini fault zone, Sierra Nevada, California, J. Struct. Geol., 24, 1903-1924.
21. Poliakov, A. N. B., R. Dmowska, and J. R. Rice (2002), Dynamic shear rupture interactions with fault bends and off-axis secondary faulting, J.Geophys. Res., 107 (B11), 2295, doi:10.1029/2001JB000572.
22. Power, W. L., T. E. Tullis, and J. D. Weeks (1988), Roughness and wear during brittle faulting, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (B12), 15268-15278.
23. Robertson, E. C. (1983), Relationship of fault displacement to gouge and breccia thickness, American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions, 274, 1426-1432.
24. Scholz, C. H. (1987), Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting, Geology, 15, 493-495.
25. Schulz, S. E., and J. P. Evans (1998), Spatial variability in microscopic deformation and composition of the Punchbowl fault, southern California: implications for mechanisms, fluid-rock interaction, and fault morphology, Tectonophys., 295, 223-244.
26. Schultz, R. A. and R. Siddharthan (2005), A general framework for the occurrence and faulting of deformation bands in porous granular rocks. Tectonophys., 411, 1-18.
27. Segall, P., and D. D. Pollard (1983), Nucleation and Growth of Strike Slip Faults in Granite, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 555-568.
28. Shipton Z. K. and P. A. Cowie (2001), Damage zone and slip-surface evolution over μm to km scales in high-porosity Navajo sandstone, Utah, J.Struct. Geol., 23, 1825-1844.
29. Shipton, Z. K., and P. A. Cowie (2003), A conceptual model for the origin of fault damage zone structures in high-porosity sandstone, J. Struct. Geol., 25, 333-345.
30. Sibson, R. H. (2003), Thickness of the seismic slip zone, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am, 93, 1169-1178.
31. Troll, V. R., T. R. Walter, and H.-U. Schmincke (2002), Cyclic caldera collapse: Piston or piecemeal subsidence? Field and experimental evidence, Geology, 30, 135-138.
32. Unsworth, M., G. Egbert, and J. Booker (1999), High-resolution electromagnetic imaging of the San Andreas fault in central California, J.Geophys. Res., 104 (B1), 1131-1150, 10.1029/98JB01755.
33. Wibberley, C. A. J. and T. Shimamoto (2005) Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained by thermal pressurization, Nature 436 doi:10.1038/nature03901.
34. Wilson, J. E., L. B. Goodwin, and C. J. Lewis (2003), Deformation bands in non-welded ignimbrites: Petrophysical controls on faultzone deformation and evidence of preferential fluid f low, Geology, 31, 837-840.